فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 41، پاییز 1390)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II is believed to play a major role in the immune response to HIV, and are known to be associated with rates of progression to AIDS. This study measured the rates of variation within well-defined epitopes to determine associations with the HLA-linked exposure of disease progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between HLA and disease progression among Iranian HIV/AIDS patients in comparison with general population. In this case- control study, the role of HLA class I (A, B) and class II (DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1) alleles were investigated in 48 HIV infected Iranian patients compared with 100 healthy individuals. HLA typing was carried out by PCR amplification using sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The primer was supplied by the standard kit. The disease progression was determined based on changes in stage of disease. Among 48 HIV infected patients and the control group a>positive association was observed with HLA- DRB1* 0301 (1.32< OR< 7.09, P= 0.0037), HLA- DQA1 * 0501(1.01< OR< 4.97, P=0.03), HLA- DQB1 * 0201 (0.98< OR< 3.50 P= 0.04) as well as a negative association with HLA- DRB1 * 1301 (0.01< OR< 0.98, P= 0.022) in HIV progression. In this study, no significant association was found with the analyzed HLA-B*2701 and HLA-B* 5701 alleles in the case of HIV progression. In our study among HIV infected patients the HLA- DRB1 * 0301, HLA- DQA1 * 0501 and HLA- DQB1 * 0201 were the most important predictors for the HIV progression, whereas, HLA- DRB1 *1301 detected as strong protectors. As the results of the limitations in present study such as being small sample size, studies among a larger population would be necessary to in HIV infected patients with predisposing HLA alleles for early therapy.

The aim of the present study was to further evaluate, under double blind and controlled conditions, the efficacy of amantadine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents as compared to methylphenidate. this was a 6-week randomized clinical trial. Forty patients (28 boys and 12 girls) with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD were the study population of this trial. All study subjects were randomly assigned to receive the treatment using capsule of amantadine at a dose of 100– 150 mg/day depending on weight (100 mg/day for <30 kg and 150 mg/day for >30 kg) or methylphenidate at a dose of 20–30 mg/day for a 6- week double blind, randomized clinical trial. The principal measure of outcome was the Teacher and Parent Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV. No significant differences were observed between the two groups on the Parent and Teacher Rating Scale scores (df=1; F=0.02; p=0.86 and df=1; F=0.01; p=0.89, respectively). Side effects of decreased appetite and restlessness were observed more frequently in the methylphenidate group. The results of this study indicate that amantadine significantly improved symptoms of ADHD and was well tolerated and it may be beneficial in the treatment of children with ADHD. Nevertheless, the present results do not constitute proof of efficacy

About 60% of body weight contains water. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of drinking water in military units. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on water specimen of military units. The specimen was sent to the quality for microbial and physio-chemical control lab related to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The result was compared with the ISIRI number 1503 and 1014. Our findings indicated that total hardness, Mg, So4 and Po4 of some military units were over the standard. Only in one unit a solar desalination was used and all parameters were under the standards. It is needed to improve the quality of drinking water in some units.

A theory is a belief that explains phenomena and provides a certain course of action. It provides a set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena. A hypothesis or explanation of a phenomenon based on available data Statistics. A general statement predicting, explaining, or describing the relationships among a number of constructs. To work at a profession is practice. There is strong interrelationships among theory, research and practice. Praxis is the process by which a theory, lesson, or skill is enacted.Nursing is both science and art. The science is nursing's abstract body of knowledge lived through the art in service to people. Nursing theory is an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing. Nursing practice is the actual provision of nursing care. In providing nursing care, the nurse uses both nursing theory and best practice derived from nursing research.Over the past 20 years, the nursing profession has recognized four levels of Nursing Theory: Practice Theory, Middle Range Theory, Grand Theory and Meta theory. Practice Theory traces the outline for nursing practice. Middle Range Theory has a stronger relationship to research and practice. Grand Theory focuses on the global viewpoint and concepts that is the framework that defines broad perspective for nursing practice. Meta theory is the highest level of theory, which is abstract and not easily testable. It provides the meanings and structures interconnecting events and situations observed by nurses around the world.

In this article we aimed to prepare an overview of neurology in aviation using current standard guidelines. These guidelines cover a range of neurological conditions such as: headache, seizures degeneration diseases, and peripheral neuropathy. Also, the role of routine neurophysiologic testing is discussed.