فصلنامه جامعه، فرهنگ، رسانه
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1390)

This article studies the citizen journalism and its correlated concepts such as citizen media, alternative media, community media and active media. Although these concepts point at a univalent phenomenon, they need to be investigated separately because of their theoretical differences. We have used Manuel Castell's late theories about the creation of counter-power networks to demonstrate this communicative phenomenon theoretically. These theories have been connected to the new social movements and the role of pluralistic media structures in their expansion. This connection is directed to form a new concept named "Cyber protest" which describes some new social movements. In this framework, the shapes of Citizen Journalism have been studied in the field of social actions which is comprised of "writing on the personal media", "participating in the citizen media", "to be present in the social networks" and" the production of contents in the mainstream media by users". Some users are active in all shapes, but the others are present just in one shape. In this paper we have studied about two general viewpoints: The first, citizens have made changes in classical structures of journalism by the presence in the mainstream media. The other one is the formation of new shapes in the social abilities using citizen media and social networks capacities.

Reviewing the theoretical subjects related to cultural consumption- as one of the basic components of lifestyle- indicates three main viewpoints and their adversary ideas. The viewpoints have been formed in the especial historical- social fields and then have been developed and consolidated by innumerous empirical researches.We can distinguish these three viewpoints: Homology, Univorous-Omnivorous, individuality. The background of the first one is related to the publication of Bourdieu's dissertation named "Distinction ". The second one has mainly risen of critical reactions to Bourdieu's viewpoints. The third idea was fundamentally formed against two mentioned viewpoints and put their validity in doubt. This idea inquired their undeniable predominance and attained dominant position. In this paper, we review these triple mentioned ideas by a critical and analytical evaluation. Then we study their theoretical components and discuss about their accommodated and un-accommodated dimensions.

Discourse is a concept which is continually used in cultural studies related to resistance, power, and checking the mechanisms of institutions. But Foucault achieved to a concept of dispositive in his late age; a concept which not only humans but also many things are related to each other in, that an idea become dominant idea in its age.This issue includes inhumans and objects. But Foucault doesnt introduce a way to study the role of objects in the human's current everyday life. Regis Debray achieves to a concept of medium fields about social role of objects in his viewpoint that can be the continuation of Foucault's argument in the form of dispositive. This text studies transfering the concept of discource to medium field.

This paper is searching about effective factors on the tendency of Ardebil's people to look on the Satellite Networks. Whereas Iran is a multinational country with different cultures and languages, but superficial perspective to the multiculturalism and the variety of languages, has caused neglecting of the beautiful culture collection available in Iran. This situation will cause probable negative feedbacks in long term. The main aim of this article is demonstration of some facts such as inattention to cultures, languages, races and its consequences.Findings revealed that 95.1 percent of satellite viewers choose Azerbaijan and Turkey's Satellite to look on. 60% of people look on these satellite networks everyday more than 3 hours. More than 67% of viewers replied that cultural unities are much effective on the consumption of theses networks. More than 70% of people answered if Turkish language network in Iran and provincial network of Ardebil to be more coordinated to their language, culture and native conditions, they will look on them a lot.

The cinema of Iran has passed much development and changes, whether of production and presentation or content. But in the cinema of Iran, the prepotency of social genre and particularly family genre, is completely visible, whether before revolution or after. So woman was the main member in these genres considerable to film makers, some when as an inconspicuous role to attend onlookers and sometimes as a pivotal role. In this article, we review woman's role during different eras and study three particular films directed by Dariush Mehrjooie by qualitative and quantitative content analysis of them. Our findings confirmed significant presence of women in the films. As well as the director presented some different images of women in each film. He has demonstrated the main woman character's authority or inactivity by operating of actresse's dialogues and actions. The most presence of first role woman and effective interaction to the others in the family represented the importance of woman role in Iranian family. Also, in these films women's problems and difficulties in their family are very varied and the director abstained copying his past films.Banoo represents an independent personality in home management. She avoids of disposability in absence of her husband. Sara is an example of a constant character for her husband's problems. She insurrected against her husband's disloyalty. Leila is an example for a patient and passive woman against familial customs.

The theory of “Spiral of Silence” was suggested by Professor Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann. She discusses when powerful effect of dominant ideology's media is accompanied to interpersonal communication reduction in minimal ideology, spiral silence to be formed. It seems that digital communication challenges to this theory in social movements, because when monolinear communicational process changes to bilinear or multi linear one, mediated interpersonal communication formed and the power of commanding media diminishes. Here social movements Poses to challenge to the spiral of silence and then floating Spiral of Silence to be formed. In this article we demonstrate this idea.

Regarding to the importance and pervasiveness of communicational and informational modern technologies that have affected on a great content of our lives, works, and even our being aspects, that a modern human cannot practically continue his living without them, we tried to introduce this modern media technology in this essay.Different functions, potentials and forms of nano media - whether its hardware or software- make modern human indispensable to apparently use it in all aspects of his life (particularly in near future). Operation of nanomedia make extensive changes nationally and globally. At first we try to introduce nano media and demonstrate its roles and different effects in the societies. Then we introduce the best technologies that cause development of nano media and at last we demonstrate some conflicts are created in the society by new media.