فصلنامه پازند
پیاپی 26-27 (پاییز و زمستان 1390)

Case is one of the morpho-syntactic categories that has been of interest to many linguists. In this paper, following Melčuk (2006), we analyzed the functional and distributional application of case in contemporary Persian and Mazandarani. Through the comparative analysis of sentences, It has been observed that there is abundant similarities between case systems in contemporary Persian and Mazandarani with respect to their function and distribution. Most cases in Mazandarani are Non-Autonomous including accusative, ablative, instrumental and so on. Through this observation, It is concluded that the case system in Mazandarani is gradually degenerating and this verifies Boat's standpoint about this specific phenomenon.

The verbal communication of young people in society, influenced by social factors, institutionalizes a new category called secret (hidden) language (argot). Through studying this language the meaning of the word taboo and sacred concepts are identified. The increase of using such language leads to "linguistic anarchy". This article tries to study the terms and words used by young people, as well as to look at the history of the similar researches.

The present study is an attempt to find the frequency of eight kinds of linguistic deviation in a novel called "Buf-e-kur" by “Sadegh Hedayat” an Iranian short story writer. Deviation as a foregrounding means is a creative use of language that a writer selects to surprise his readers. He defamiliarizes his writing for the readers and creates novelty by deviating from the norms of literary conventions or the norms of the everyday speech. The writer of this paper has tried to analyze the frequency of deviation in the aforementioned novel on the basis of Leech's frame work and has investigated all the 3000 existing sentences in details. The charts show the exact percentage of different deviations which were manipulated by the novel writer. Several examples are also added. The existence of kinds of deviation as a foregrounding means to defamiliarize the writing of the novel and different frequency of each type of deviation were firstly under questioned. It has been hypothesized that there exists eight kinds of deviation with different frequencies. Conclusion revealed that eight sorts of deviation are seen in this novel with different frequencies. The highest frequency of deviation belongs to grammatical deviation in 289 propositions which equals to 23 percent considering other types of deviation.

This article studies and compares compounding process in some political texts of newspapers in two decades of 1340 & 1370 A.P on the basis Bauer' (1983)s classification of compounding. This article investigates the answer of these questions: Is there any semantic difference between frequencies of compounding process with the transition from decade 40 to 70? Is any change occurred in frequency of endocentric, exocentric, dvandva compounds during the transition two decades? In general, statistical data show semantic difference between frequency of compounding in two decades of 1340 & 1370 A.P. It can also be concluded that frequency of endocentric compounds is the most high in the comparison with the exocentric and dvandva.

Bilingualism and its characteristics, as well as differences of conveying feelings in first and second language, among bilinguals have long been challenges for sociolinguists. Most bilinguals state that expressing their feelings through first language helps them convey exactly what they intend to, and that saying or hearing taboos in their first language bear more mental reaction. This study aims to briefly review the concept of linguistic taboo as a culturedependent element and further discuss the differences of revealing feelings regarding taboos in first and second languages. In this study 40 female students, BA or MA participated, all Turkish- Persian bilinguals, originally from Turkish areas of Tabriz, Zanajn, Ardebil, and Hamedan. This article seeks an answer to this question that whether expressing taboos in first language (Turkish) imposes more mental burden on speaker/hearer if compared to second language or otherwise; or it makes no difference.

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the syntactic characteristics in the production of Persian-speaking aphasic patients. To this end, the spontaneous speech of four right-handed monolingual Broca's aphasic patients were assessed. The study examined patterns of production of free and bound grammatical and lexical morphemes in the aphasic spontaneous speech, as well as the usage of verb inflections with respect to agreement, tense, aspect and negation features. To evaluate the syntactic performance of the subjects, the Persian Bilingual Aphasia Test was initially administered and in the next stage, samples of their spontaneous speech production were obtained and analyzed. The analysis of the data indicated that they had deficits in syntactic features, such as deletion and substitution of verbs, problems in using appropriate verbal inflections and deletion of the direct object article “rā”. The patients had also some errors in using free grammatical morphemes of prepositions, personal pronouns and conjunctions. Nouns were the most frequent category in the speech of the aphasic patients. By contrast, adjectives and adverbs were rarely used by them. The results derived from this research confirm the findings of the previous research in other languages and indicate that there are similar patterns of behavior in agrammatism across different languages.

This paper is an effort to compare Sistani (Zaboli) with standard Persian from phonetic, morphological and semantic motivation perspective and on the other hand, is an effort to show that semantic opacity and transparency of compound words in sistani can be a criteria for endosyncretic and exosyncretic compounds. The results of this study show that more differences between Sistani (zaboli) and Persian lies in the phonetic motivation of words, for instance, Sistani in a different pattern applies /-ika/ suffix after repetition of syllable. In the other aspects, their pattern is almost the same. Because of this similarity, opacity and transparency of compound words in Sistani like Persian can be a criteria for endosyncretic and exosyncretic compounds.