فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 22، تابستان 1385)

One of the goals of the WHO is the worldwide eradication of poliomyelitis in the future years. Eradication programs in Iran Started in 1994 and in the year 2003 Iran was certified polio-free by the international commission for the certification of polio eradication. But our neighboring countries are not in the same state of eradication and wild Poliovirus is still circulating in some of them. Presence of Susceptible people to this viruses، can allow The circulation of wild poliovirus in our country. Thus Serum Survey Study can help to determine high risk groups immunization Status. In this study serum samples are collected from 699 children aged 2-3 and 570 adolescents aged 11-15، in urban and rural parts of Yazd province. Presence of type specific neutralizing antibodies for poliovirus type I، II، III have been determined in 1/10 dilution of serum samples by microneutralization test using Hep-2 cell line. Overall، neutralizing antibodies against Poliovirus type I، II and III were detected in 98. 6%، 99. 7% and 96. 7% of children samples and in 90. 9%، 95. 4% and 85. 3% of adolescent samples respectively. In this study، the relation between Immunity level and mother education، the size of family، sex and location were evaluated. The results of this study determined that Immunity of poliovirus type II was upper Than I and III and the immune status of poliovirus type III was lower than other two serotypes.

Autologous transfusion is a longstanding concept; and has many advantages، particularly for complex operative procedures، such as cardiac surgery and organ transplantation. A. N. H technique، one of the tree types of autologous transfusion was used in patients who were candidates for CABG surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The records of 410 Patients who have been CABG operated in Be’sat and Shahid Chamran hospital in 2002 has been studied in a descriptive observation study. In this research، the patients who showed no symptom of certain disease such as anemia، kidney disease، and severe liver disease، were included. A careful and scientific study of these cases required enough information about their age، sex، cell blood count، PT، PTT، INR، O2 Saturation and amount of their needed blood products. Lack of enough information regarding any of these factors excluded that patient from our study. In this research، 410 Patients، mostly male (74. 6%) and with the commonest age range of 60-64 (19. 51) have been studied. The amount of Hb of their blood showed no change before and after CABG operation in autologus and heterologus group but the amount of platelet was more in the latter. After the operation، there was no difference on the amount of O2 Saturation and homeostasis parameters before and after CABG in both heterologus and autologus transfusion. But the need for blood products was more in heterologus group during the operation and ICU care period. A. N. H decreases the amount of homologous blood use. Therefore this technique is recommended in all patients with adequate Hb concentration who are candidates for cardiac surgery with CPB.

Based on many patients’ complaints about attending physicians and pharmaceuticals the problem has been adequately discussed and a branch of law called medical law has been developed which obliges the professionals in these fields to strictly abide by. To evaluate the implementation of Such Law in Be’sat hospital a questioner was devised and after Completion it was assessed in a Seminar in the winter of 1384 and statistically through Software devices were analyzed. Two groups each of 50 respondents completed the before and after attending the seminar. In both groups، sex، age، and education were the same. Though there was a noticeable difference between the supposed knowledge of two groups (p<0. 05) no difference was seen in the real knowledge after studying the questionnaires. Therefore it is concluded that the continuation of upgrading medical expertise and the awareness of medical professionals through participation in educational meetings in diagnosis and skills is the most important way of observing the medical laws and minimizing the complaints of the patients، limiting the penalty rates and the permissible time for complaints and also increasing the judges، lawyer، consultants، and patient''s fees can maintain the doctors respect to a large extent.

Although the history of bioterrorism dates back to a long time ago، recently it has been brought up to the attention of medical and health agencies again. Bioterrorism is defined as the use of biological factors in a crowd of civilians to create panic and horror. Therefore to elicit people’s prompt reaction in prevention of such panic that causes social and mental harms، boosting the provision of adequate hospital and paramedical facilities can alleviate the magnitude of the harms. Guide-line plan for fighting and control of the disease related to bioterrorism، must have variety of aspect that cover all involved ward of hospital. Therefore preparation of hospital for rapid attack of patients، laboratory and drug supports and administration psychiatric aspect of bioterrorism must be in guideline plan. By attention to variety of biologic factors that use in wars، for rapid discovery of these attacks، elevation information level of health and treatment personals is necessary.

Mastalgia is a main complaint in women that causes those to refer to clinics repeatedly، from their youth around premenopausal. Unfortunately، its exact reason is unknown، but someone believes that hormonal factors are involved duo to nature and time of occurring mastalgia. It’s noticeable that، there is no mental and hormonal differences between women that suffer from mastalgia and others that have another disease. Mastalgia is categorized into two parts: cyclic and non-cyclic، so with various treatments، the physicians cannot be fair in their decisions، and have lots of difficulties in this important matter. Today، use of herbal drugs is suggested by physicians، because of side effects of synthetic drugs، such as (danazol، bromocriptin and evening primrose oil)، this kind of drugs are noticeable in recent studies.

The nephrolithiasis is the third common disease of urinary tract after urinary infection and pathology of prostate. Without prevention and therapeutic procedures، the relapse of nephrolithiasis during 5 years will be %50 that is higher for Acid uric stones. Changes and amendment in diet and life style are effective in prevention of urinary stones formation and removing the problems due to relapse of nephrolithiasis. In this article the effect of the use of fluids، calcium، protein، sodium، and change of diet in urinary tract stones formation and medical treatment of nephrolithiasis containing use of analgesics، diuretics، potassium citrate، allopurinol، phosphate sodium cellulose، penicillamine، antibiotics and also medical treatment of patients with metabolic disorders in 8 groups have been discussed.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is: 1) temperatures>38. 3oC (101oF) on several occasions; 2) a duration of fever of >3 weeks; and 3) failure to reach a diagnosis despite 1 week of inpatient investigation. Fever of unknown origin in contagious diseases is a problem 30% in children and 10% in adults in spite of adequate researches. We try to explain a case diagnosed as atrium myxoma with the symptoms of three week fever، dry cough، and breathing problems that was admitted and underwent surgery.

Nowadays one of the most important reasons of death is Atherosclerosis. Drug therapy in hyperlipidemia prevents from Atherosclerosis side effects (such as cardiac attack، peripheral arterial diseases & strokes) and reduces mortality in patients with past history of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. FAA (In civil part) permits aircrew to use some of these medications if there is not any side effects as Health Canadian Air Force Guidelines (In military part)، pharmalogical treatment for hyperlipidemia should be initiated only after a reasonable trial of diet and life-style modification and if required treatment with an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor is recommended. In hypertrigliceridemia the use of a fibrate maybe indicated. Aircrew should be grounded for the first two weeks during the initiation of drug therapy for hyperlipidemia and require bimonthly monitoring of lipid & transaminase levels during the first six months of treatment and can use these drugs during flight if there are not any side effects.