Journal of Research and Rural Planning
Volume:1 Issue: 1, 2012

Today، the concerns and discussion about bio environmental and land usage changes have been considered seriously. So، the land usage for tourism purposes is considered as a basic subject. One of the reasons of land usage change is tourism activities. Regarding to Bandar Anzali situation (coast region)، it attracts the tourists attention to buy land in order to build homes and also attracts the hotel makers، recreational complex builders and also people who interest to have service jobs for tourism such as restaurant، inn، etc. this is caused to change the land usage from agriculture to construction by the local society and non local people (tourisms and investors). This study is performed as descriptive-analytical. among 2155 families of this rural district، about 328 families were determined as a sample by Cochran test. Data was analyzed by two quantitative (Lickert five items range) and qualitative (parametric statistical methods of Spearman correlation test). to determine the land use، the current situation and investigation of land usage changes، we have used the satellite images Landsat TM during 1997-2008. The high income، more jobs، more employment rate، making jobs for youth of village، increasing the general income of local institutions such as governing of rural district because of tourism are considered as the positive effects of land change. Also، land change from agriculture to tourism has been caused to increase land and house prices unreal and finally the living expenses have been increased. According to the results of the land change map during 1997-2008، because of increased construction in and near of this rural district، this region is countered to decreased of agricultural land so the arid lands has been used for agriculture to compensate this condition.

Health is defined as situation of physical، Psychological، and social welfare، which include both lack of diseases and best access to healthy standard without any religion، political، and socio-economic discrimination. More programs have been executed concerning rural environment from 1980s in Islamic Republic of Iran. However، documents show that health level is low in rural area. Rural health promotion challenge is a big obstacle of sustainable rural development. Main purpose of this research has been measuring the level of rural area''s health and its effective factors. Understanding the nature and dimensions of health and factors affecting health is extremely important for health promotion in rural areas and can play an important role in the sustainable development of these areas. Study area is Shaft district villages in Guilan province. Direct observation، interview with local people and filling a questionnaire has been the main methods of data collection. Collected data are analyzed descriptive and inferential statistics (TOPSIS model &data factor analyze). Results indicate that the rural society health level is low. Economic situation، public and civil institute functions and belonging social capital & culture caused member of society damage rural health in favorite of personal benefit. Study area is Shaft district villages in Guilan province. Direct observation، interview with local people and filling a questionnaire has been the main methods of data collection. Collected data are analyzed descriptive and inferential statistics (TOPSIS model &data factor analyze). Results indicate that the rural society health level is low. Economic situation، public and civil institute functions and belonging social capital & culture caused member of society damage rural health in favorite of personal benefit.

This paper intends to identify and assess ecotourism potentials of different areas in Maranjab desert، kashan district. The research is an applied one، and a descriptive-analytical research. Both documentary and field studies have been adopted for data collection and thus identification and prioritization of areas with the highest potential for ecotourism development within the desert district of Maranjab. The research aims to address some main questions concerning tourism development in the desert: 1) What are determining factors for attracting tourists to the desert of Maranjab? 2) What area of the desert district has the highest potential for tourism development? Regarding research main questions، areas with the best potential for tourism development were determined using strategic planning method and Delphi technique. Selected relevant criteria، in order to evaluate research questions، include: existing land capabilities، area''s geomorphology، infrastructures، and tourist attractions. Having the selected criteria and sub criteria scored and weighted according to their relative importance، map layers of the area، pertaining to these specified criteria and sub criteria، were prepared using GIS software، in 1:25000 scale maps. Adopting criteria such as slope، proximity to water sources and climate، the area with the best potential for tourism development were determined. Physical carrying capacity of the area was determined based on the proposed area''s expanse and the type of tourism is being developed and was estimated to be 67200 people. Considering the desirable situation of the desert، i. e. its proximity to some populous city centers، effective planning in tourism development could lead to significant job creation and economic prosperity of the area.

One of the innovations of councils law is the assignment of an executive officer is responsible of implementing legislations of Islamic council of the village. The performances of assistants we classified in three classes of social، economical and environmental- structural indices. The objective of the current research is to evaluate the indices effective on the performance levels of village assistants regarding the developmental procedure of central villages of Birjand city. The current research is a field study. To collect data، a number of 30 households and a number of so village assistance office were sampled with a random sampling method. Then، a number of 305 households were identified as the sample volume using Cochrun formula. The related questionnaires were distributed relative to the population and dimension of the households of each village. Data analysis were managed by a t-test in the software application Spss. From village assistants points of view، Following the establishment of village assistance offices، substantial positive changes have occurred in social، economical and environmental-structural conditions of village development so that 92. 5% of village assistants evaluated the development trend of the villages at average or high levels. Village households marked the maintenance of health and hygiene conditions، cooperation with county office and the council، Hadi project planning and enforcement as the best performances of village assistants and aiding in critical situations، funding strategies، and installation، possessions and properties maintenance as the worst performances.

Tourism in rural environment expanding due to urbanization، improved transportation and communications systems، the increase in leisure time، etc. and followed by formation and expansion of second homes، the most important phenomena of the twentieth century and present century. Enjoying a privileged position in the study area with natural and ecological and the proximity to the city hosted many tourists Quchan second homes in rural environments. The purpose of this study a variety of second homes tourism development and its comparative analysis from the perspective of owners and residents in Shirindareh Dehestan (Quchan) is. Methods In this study، is experimental and in part of descriptive - analytical. Statistical study of seven villages with 1188 households are that based on Cochrane formula 218 questionnaires in two groups of owners and residents of systematic random method in the region has been collected. Findings showed that the strong relationship between changes of social and economic aspects and tourism development of second homes in the villages there. Highly variable impact of second homes development tourism on social and economic changes of villagers living in 0. 502 is estimated، that represents the average impact of second homes tourism is in the area. Investment of non-rural people most affected by a factor of about 35 percent in the formation of rural life has changed. Significant difference in the views of owners and residents to develop of second homes tourism and changes are in the economic aspects of rural life there. Given the findings، solutions include integrated management system designed for second homes tourism، Land-based studies to evaluate the ecological، Studies and waste management and wastewater projects، Administrative regulations relating to environmental design and rural development perspective، Formulation and implementation of regulations related to changes in your gardens and farms to second homes، etc. is proposed.

Although rural development aspects has changed rapidly in recent years، but large parts of the world’s poor population still live in rural areas. It is argued that rural access to ICT boosts production، improves household income، reduces inequalities and widens market options. Rural ICT has been highlighted as key element in development process. In this stage of globalization، the Information and Communication Technology has fundamental role in all of life aspects. Various research activities have proved that ICT plays a vital role in the political، economic and socio-cultural development of a country. In other hand، the concept of «village» sometimes is coincide with minority، economically unproductive areas، small areas، suburbs، small business customers، the economic squeeze، home occupations، discrete and isolated areas. However، new information and communication technologies through reduce the impacts of geographical distance، has shown that this technology has an important relationship with the rural. The Rural Information and Communication Technology with specific nature make a fundamental change in concept of seclusion and create special effects in all of rural life districts. The effects of Information and Communication Technology in villager’s life contain various districts، so we can say that ICT has general effects in rural life. Development of modern information and communication technologies in some rural areas of Iran has brought changes in the conditions of rural life. Although the scope and impact of new information and communication technologies is not wear to anyone، but the feedback of this technologies is not so clear in Less Development Countries. One of the problems is ambiguity in the impact areas of Information and Communication Technologies and the lack of a consensus in expert’s viewpoint. This study as a applied research with descriptive and analytical techniques is response to this need. In this regard، the study of history، literature and the theories of information and communication technology in rural area has provide theoretical basis for explain the indicators of Rural Information and Communication Technologies impacts. After determined the indicators of Rural ICT، 10 experts viewpoint has gathered and analyzed with AHP method. The closest related expertise with Information and Communication Technologies were selected this purpose. The study presents a new model of the indicators of Rural Information and Communication Technologies impacts. The results show that Rural Information and Communication Technology have effects three aspects of villager''s life: Knowledge، Viewpoint and Skill & activity. These three criteria have different indicators. Data analyzing with Expert Choice shows that the more important aspect in Rural ICT impacts is knowledge. Also skill & activity is more important that viewpoint.