مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
سال هفتادم شماره 11 (پیاپی 143، بهمن 1391)

Cancer is one of the main reasons of mortality worldwide، and more than 90 percent of cancer deaths are due to metastasis. Although primary tumors are curable using chemical adjuvant therapy or surgery، metastatic tumors are mostly incurable. This resistance shows the high rate of mortality among patients with metastatic disease. Being a sequential event، metastasis is a subtle and intricate process in which tumor cells undergo a plenty of changes and acquire the capacity of migration، invasion، survival and self-renewal which all are necessary for metastasis to happen. The key point in recognition and cure in invasive cancers is to identify critical genes، proteins and pathways involved، and show their relation with each other and the disease. Forming metastasis needs favorable genetic and microenvironmental elements of tumor cells and distant tissue، respectively. Unfavorable conditions in each steps of this process lead to arresting metastasis and subsequent dormancy، which is the most important phenomenon in relapse. In this review، benefiting from tens of reliable and recently identified data and personal experiences، it has been tried to draw new patterns associated with metastasis for further investigation. Determining genes، proteins and microenvironmental factors that affect metastasis، in a sequential manner، can help better understanding of this lethal process and subsequently a prosperous treatment.

Achillea millefolium or yarrow is a native plant in Europe and Iran. Yarrow has been used as a medicine historically، mainly because of its astringent effects. It is reported to be associated with the treatment of several ailments. Nowadays use of plants for medical purpose has become very common. Achillea millefolium L، Yarrow، is being used in traditional and modern medicine due to various chemical compounds. Considering the importance of birth control، finding a drug with less side effects inhibiting spermatogenesis seems to be necessary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Achillea millefolium L. on spermato-genesis of male wistar rats. In this study، 32 adult male wistar rats were used. The animals were divided to four groups of eight rats. The first group، received 200 mg/kg Achillea millefolium L. interaperitoneally، the second and third groups received 400، 800 mg/kg Achillea millefolium L. interaperitoneally، respectively. In the fourth group (control) distilled water was administered. After 20 days، the rats were sacrificed and testis tissues were histologically evaluated. Comparing to control group، in the experimental groups received the high doses of the extract، thickening of seminiferous tubules basement membrane، loss of germinal epithelium and testicular hyperemia were demonstrated (P<0. 001). Based on the results، high concentrations of Achillea millefolium L. leaded to structural and spermatogenesis changes in testis tissue.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracted cell walls from Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei as probiotic bacteria (isolated from common carp intestine) on K562 and the role of cell concentration on the results of MTT [3- (4،5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2،5- Diphenyl tetrazolium Bromide] test. For this purpose، bacteria were cultured in specific medium (MRS broth) at anaerobic condition for 24-48 hour. After incubation period culture medium was centri-fuged، then the cells were washed twice with PBS buffer to remove additional medium. Finally، collected bacterial cell disrupted by Sonication and cell walls were separated from other components by centrifugation. After that، different concentrations of cell walls (500، 1000، 2000 and 4000 µg/ml) were prepared in RPMI medium for each bacteria، separately. Then anticancer properties of the cell walls were determined in vitro at 12، 24، 48 and 72 h، also the effect of K562 concentration was assayed with MTT technique. The results showed extracted cell wall from both probiotic statistically (P=0. 098) have anti turmeric properties in K562 and their properties will arise in relation with concentration. As well as، we found that the number of cell had not any affect on the result of MTT assay. We conclude that the cytotoxicity property of extracted cell wall is related in the type of bacteria، but this anticancer property would warrant further study on the clinical application of extracted cell wall.

Several reports indicate that the probiotics can increase body resistance against malignant tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Lactobaci-llus reuteri Persian type culture collection (PTCC) 1655 in preventing tumor growth، improving weight and survival rate in mice with breast cancer. Twenty mice، the BALB/c at six weeks age، weighing approximately 17 gram were divided into two groups. Oral administration of 500 micro liters of Lactobacillus reuteri suspension performed for the first group 14 days before tumor transplantation. The second group (control) received the same volume of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Then the mice had tumor transplantation surgery. Lactobacillus reuteri was prescribed in the first group in seven-day period and three-day interruption pattern. At the same time the second group (control) received PBS. This process was continued until 45 day. The tumor growth، histology and body weight were evaluated in both group and the mortality of mice was recorded. In the mice transplanted tumors that had received probiotics، tumor growth decreased in comparison with control group. In this group the body weight increased (P>0/05). In addition، the survival of these mice had significantly increased compared to control group (P=0. 002). The evaluation of tumor tissue also showed increased immune system function in mice receiving the probiotic (P>0/05). Lactobacillus reuteri can improve immune system function and have an important role to help treatment of cancer.

Previous studies indicate that morphine dependent and withdrawal from chronic opiates enhanced anxiety-related behaviours in novel and stressful conditions in rats. Recent studies have shown that exposure to a stressor generates a wide variety of adaptive responses، while enhancing abilities to adopt with the stressor. Therefore، the aim of this study was to examine the effect of chronic restraint stress and acute water immersion (WI) stress on the anxiety profile in morphine-dependent rats.

Thirty two rats were injected with twice daily doses (10 mg/kg، subcutaneous، at 12 hour intervals) of morphine over a period of 10 days in the presence or absence chronic restraint stress (1 hour/day). On day 11، two hour after morphine injection، anxiety-like behaviours were tested in the elevated plus-maze model in the presence or absence acute water immersion stress. Rats were divided into four groups: dependent- No restraint stress (D/NRS)، dependent- restraint stress (D/RS)، dependent- restraint stress+ water immersion stress (D/RS+WI)، dependent- water immersion stress (D/WI).

Finding have shown that D/RS+WI rats exhibited an increase in the elevated plus-maze open arm entries and time as compared with the control groups (P=0. 018 and P=0. 037، respectively). Also، this measure was significantly lower in the WI rats than the D/RS+WI rats (P=0. 049 and P=0. 031، respectively).

Our findings indicate that chronic restraint stress followed by acute water immersion stress decreases the severity of the anxiogenic-like behaviours in morphine dependent rats; thus it may have a therapeutic application in the treatment of the asso-ciated disorders in addiction.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may been associated with high-er risk of cardiac events during this procedure. The goal of this study was to compare high dose atorvastatin therapy with low dose atorvastatin therapy 24 hours before PCI to a reduction in Peri- percutaneous coronary intervention myocardial infarction. One hundred ninety patients with stable angina were enrolled in a randomiz-ed controlled clinical trial study. All patients received low dose atorvastatin. The patients scheduled for elective PCI were randomized to atorvastatin (80 mg/d، n=95) or placebo (n=95) within 24 hours before the procedure. Creatine kinase-MB، troponin I، and high sensitive C- reactive protein levels were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 hours after the procedure. PCI related myocardial infarction was defined as increasing of Creatine kinase-MB or troponin I three times compared with values before procedure. Myocardial infarction was detected after coronary intervention in 4. 2% of patients in the atorvastatin group and in 13. 7% of those in the placebo group (P=0. 022). Mean of changed levels of Creatine kinase-MB (0. 7±0. 5 versus 3. 3±1. 9 ng/mL، P<0. 001)، troponin I (0. 1±0. 2 versus 0. 4±0. 7 ng/mL، P=0. 052) and hs-CRP (0. 1±0. 5 versus 1±0. 9 ng/mL، P<0. 001) were significantly lower in the statin than in the placebo group. Pretreatment with high dose atorvastatin within 24 hours before elective percutaneous coronary intervention significantly reduces procedural myocardial infarct-tion in elective coronary intervention.

Infection with group B streptococcus (GBS) can present with respiratory distress، Pneumonia، meningitis and Osteomyelitis in neonates. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GBS colonization in trachea of intubated neonates.

This observational analytic study was performed upon 33 intubated neonates due to respiratory distress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Rasoul Hospital in Tehran، Iran during 2010-2012. Tracheal secretions cultured upon TODD-HEWITT BROTH and sheep blood agar 5%.، chi-square test was used for compare the qualitative variables. P<0. 05 was considered meaningful.

Three cases had positive streptococcal culture (9. 1%) and four cases had posi-tive culture for non-streptococcal organisms. no meaningful relation observed between positive GBS culture and neonatal gender، kind of delivery، PROM.

Prevalence of GBS positive results (9%) in present study is very close to GBS colonization in pregnant women; although the higher colonization rate of pregnant women are expected.

The sino- nasal outcome test 20 (SNOT-20) is a self- report measure for the assessment of patients with rhinosinusitis. The aim of the present study was to translate the SNOT-20 into Persian، and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian SNOT-20. The SNOT-20 was translated from English into Persian. Thirty patients with chronic rhinosinusitis completed the Persian SNOT-20 two times with an interval of 1-2 weeks. Thirty healthy volunteers completed the Persian SNOT-20 for the evaluation of discriminant validity. Cronbach''s alpha coefficient values were high with 0. 88 for test and 0. 90 for retest. ICC for test-retest reliability was 0. 95. The scores of patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy subjects. There were no floor and ceiling effects. The Persian SNOT-20 is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment of Persian speaking patients with rhinosinusitis.

Warthin tumor- like papillary carcinoma of thyroid is a rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. It is characterized by distinct papillary structures lined by oncocytic tumor cells with nuclear features of papillary carcinoma and marked lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate in the papillary stalks. This tumor derives its name from its resemblance to Warthin tumor of major salivary glands.

We report a 54- year- old man presented with bilateral thyroid masses. Histopathological study showed papillary structures lined by cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and ground- glass nuclei with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the stalks.

Warthin tumor-like papillary thyroid carcinoma could be mistaken for benign lymphoepithelial lesions such as Hashimoto thyroiditis، Hurthle cell tumors and tall cell variant of papillary carcinoma. Follow- up information on the previously reported cases has suggested that these tumors behave similarly to usual papillary carcinoma.