مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت
سال هشتم شماره 5 (آذر و دی 1391)

One of the factors associated to the increase or decrease in breast cancer risk is different dietary patterns of consumption by using different food groups. Therefore، the role of diet has attracted the attention of researchers to the extent that many studies have investigated the role of food groups in the risk of breast cancer. This study aimed to review the current evidence regarding the association of food groups and breast cancer. We searched PubMed for related publications using «dietary fats”، “meat and processed meat»، “fruit and vegetable”، “food group”، “dairy” and «carbohydrate» and grains as keywords. We searched for papers that had been published between 2009 and 2011 and were on human subjects. About 400 papers were identified and after the elimination of papers that were unrelated to the subject the 31 relevant studies available for review were examined. Some studies have shown that dietary patterns rich in vegetables، and with less meat and processed food are related to the reduced risk of breast cancer. However، a number of other studies have not attained such results. Certain vegetables and fruits consumption rather than consumption of the whole vegetables group is much more important in reducing the risk of breast cancer. Consumption of processed meat has been consistently reported as a factor in enhancing the risk of breast cancer. The findings of studies on the effects of food consumption patterns’، rich in vegetables with antioxidant components and low in the glycemic index of carbohydrates، association with reduced cancer risk shoed consistency. Therefore، it seems that future investigations should be focused on the association between different dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer in relation to hormonal and genetic factors.

Social support is as the most effective agent in successfully coping with stressful circumstances. Considering the importance of healthcare at home for the patients with type 2 diabetes، family practice is fundamental to the quality of patient adaptation to problems، and consequences of the disease. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the status of perceived family support and some related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

A cross-sectional study was conducted. Random simple sampling method was used. The sample consisted of 113 patients who referred to the Sedigheh Tahereh Research Center. To complete the questionnaire in the days predetermined (randomly)، a personal interview was conducted with each of the patients. To evaluate the data analysis of variance، Pearson correlation and repeated measures ANOVA were used.

Of the 113 patients، 106 patients (81 women and 25 men) were entered into the analysis. The one-way ANOVA test showed there was a statistically significant difference in family support across economic levels (F = 3. 24، P < 0. 001). Analysis of variance with repeated measures، revealed significant differences between perceived family support aspects of patients'' self care behaviors (F = 39. 31، P < 0. 001). Results showed that the lowest and highest self-reported scores of perceived support، respectively، were related to drug treatment and general support.

The present study showed that patients’ perceived family support in drug treatment and adherence to diet was poor. Because of the importance of these two aspects in the treatment plan for patients، it is essential that family empowerment programs be considered.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common cause of anemia. It is estimated that about 30% of the world population suffer from it. The highest prevalence of this anemia is in Adolescent girls. Because of its effects on work efficiency، productivity and development trend، prevention is important. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of applying the PRECEDE educational model as a theoretical framework for controlling IDA among grade two guidance school girls.

This quasi-experimental study was done on 130 students who were allocated to case (65) and control (65) groups randomly in 2010-2011. Intervention was done in three 60 minute sessions. The questionnaires were distributed and completed immediately، and three months after educational intervention. A self-administered questionnaire base on the PRECEDE model constructs was the data gathering tool. Data were analyzed by independent Student’s t-test، paired t-test، repeated measure ANOVA، and chi-square statistical tests in SPSS software version 18.

After educational intervention، the mean score of knowledge and attitude (Predisposing factors)، using educational resources، organizing educational class، participating in educational programs (Enabling factors)، encouraging family and teachers (Reinforcing factors)، and iron deficiency anemia preventive behaviors had a significant increase in the case group in comparison with the control group (P = 0. 00).

The present study indicated that an educational intervention program based on the PRECEDE model and main components (Predisposing، Enabling، and Reinforcing factors) have a positive effect in improving iron deficiency anemia preventive behaviors in the study population.

Students may experience increased pressure and stress especially during late adolescence and early youth (as they enter university). Facing numerous stressors in a period of transition can jeopardize their mental health. Therefore، this study evaluated mental health status and its determinants among students of Ilam University (Ilam، Iran).

This study was conducted on all undergraduate and postgraduate students who had entered Ilam University in 2010. In a total number of 661 students، there were 288 boys and 373 girls. The mental health questionnaire (developed by the Iranian Ministry of Sciences) was used to collect data. This questionnaire included the demographic variables that may affect mental health. We considered a cutoff point of 100 to identify individuals who required psychological measures and psychotherapy. Data was analyzed using Friedman test، correlation coefficients، regression analysis، analysis of variance، and t-test in SPSS16.

Overall، 17% of the evaluated students were at risk. Mental health was significantly related with academic field and interest in the academic field. The highest and lowest ranking means belonged to social anxiety and anxiety، respectively. According to regression analysis، all factors (depression، anxiety، obsession، social anxiety، and sleep disorders) had significant correlations with the students’ total psychopathology scores. Suicidal thoughts had significant relations with total psychopathology scores، self-efficacy، and perfectionism. Self-efficacy was significantly correlated with social support and perfectionism.

Our findings highlighted the need for more attention to students’ mental health.

Medication errors are the most common medical errors and are one of the major challenges threatening the health system. This study aimed to determine nurses’ perceived barriers and behaviors to reporting medication errors in 2011.

Using convenience sampling، a total of 403 nurses were selected from teaching hospitals in affiliated to Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Khorramabad، Iran). Data was gathered via the modified Goldstone Questionnaire which was distributed at the nursing station and collected at the end of the shift. Data was analyzed using chi-square and t tests and analysis of variance in SPSS16. Results

While 73% of the participants (n = 294) were not certain about the cases of medication error، 81. 6% (n = 329) stated fear of the nursing manager''s reaction as the main obstacle to reporting medication errors. Moreover، 38. 2% of the nurses (n = 154) did not report their medication errors because they were afraid of losing their job. According to the subjects’ ranking، illegible prescriptions and damaged drug labels were the most and least important causes of committing medication errors، respectively. The nurses’ rankings of causes of error were significantly correlated with gender and work experience.

Training courses to improve nurses’ knowledge and motivate them to act according to the patient’s benefit along with establishing a proper system of error reporting are essential.

In the hot weather overweight and obesity are considered as significant risk factors for incidence of cardiac strain in workers. This study is aimed to compare cardiac strain among overweight and normal-weighted workers in hot and humid conditions of the south of Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 workers in the south of Iran in the summer of 2010. The heart rate was measured at rest and during work. Cardiac strain based on working heart rate (WHR)، relative cardiac cost (RCC)، net cardiac cost (NCC)، load relative cardiovascular (CVL) and heart rate reduction were analyzed in 35 normal weight people (BMI < 25) and 36 overweight people (BMI > 25) using descriptive statistics and Student’s t-test.

In 42% of workers body mass index was higher than 25. The average temperature in the two groups was not significantly different. The mean WHR in these two groups was 101 ± 20. 3 and 112 ± 18. 9 respectively (P = 0. 026). The acceptable limits in NCC، RCC، WHR، and CVL parameters and Brouha index were significantly higher in overweight people than in people with normal weight.

Based on the study results، the severity of cardiac strain was higher in overweight workers compared with normal weight workers. Hence، in order to decrease cardiac strain، selecting overweight individuals for these jobs should be avoided. Moreover، some vital interventions for losing weight، such as nutritional education، should be implemented، and they should be encouraged to increase their physical activity.