Journal of Health Scope
Volume:1 Issue: 4, Winter 2013

Patient safety is one of the major issues which are concerned with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the medical community in developing and developed countries. Based on Studies, about 10 % of patients admitted in hospitals will be damaged. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient safety climate among nurses and their roles for predicting medical errors..Patients and Questionnaire responses were obtained from 122 nurses. The questionnaire comprised four parts included 20 items related to patient safety climate, 6 items to Organizational factors, 15 items to influential factors on the incidence of medical errors and overall level of patient safety. The relationship between patient safety climate and factors in medical errors was evaluated by regression analysis using SPSS 17 software.. According to the results, there was a negative relationship between patient safety climate and factors affecting the incidence of medical errors (β = -0.22, P < 0.05). Also, poor safety climate was established among nurses (average of less than 3.5).. As the nurses play direct roles associated with family members and healthcare professionals for providing safe and quality, therefore full attention to the safety climate is recommended for reducing medical errors and improving patient safety. The quality of Interactions among therapeutic members and assessing patient conditions and full dominance on treatment process will be extremely effective in health care..

Occupational insecticidal poisoning (OIP) is a global phenomenon, which is even more prevalent among indoor residual spray-workers and this can pose a serious threat to their health. This study aimed to assess spray-worker's management of insecticide risk indicators and occupational insecticidal poisoning.. An analytical cross-sectional survey was adopted, that involved all of the professional indoor residual spray-workers serving in the Omo-Nada woreda (district), Ethiopia. The survey was conducted between January and April 2011 by administering a pre-tested questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS v.19.0. A two-sided Fisher's exact test was performed to determine associations between the variables. Overall, 52.4% of the study participants had an awareness of the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), whereas 41.9% were unable to read the pesticide labels. About 75.3% of spray-workers never drink or eat or smoke, while spraying. Statistical analysis (two-sided Fisher's exact test) confirmed that there is no statistically significant association between safe insecticide practice with the spray-worker’s gender (P = 0.332), whereas, there were strong correlations found with age (P = 0.001), educational status (P = 0.001) and years of work experience (P = 0.001).. Despite adequate awareness of safe insecticide management, most of the spray-workers were observed to be reluctant to put this knowledge into practice, either due to the inadequacy of PPE or negligence. Furthermore, a sizable faction of these workers still had limited knowledge and erroneous risk perceptions, thus increasing their risk of OIP. Therefore, appropriate communication strategies and training could reduce the occupational risk of insecticide exposure, which would ultimately minimize the related health hazards of insecticidal poisoning.

Achillea wilhelmsii (Asteraceae) is a Permanent herb, belongs to the genus Achillea (Compositae) Which grows wild in some regions of Iran including Taftan area of Sistan and Baluchestan, in southeast of Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparative chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oils extracted from the flowers, stem and leaves of Achillea wilhelmsii. In this study, the chemical composition of essential oils of the flower and stem of Achillea wilhelmsii from Taftan were obtained by the hydrodistillation method and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy.. Sixty one compounds were identified in the essential oil of the flower. The major compounds were Camphor (27.99%), Sabinyl acetate (6.56%), Terpinene-4-ol (6.43%) Camphene (6.43%) and Alpha-Pinene (5.47%). Forty eight compounds were identified in the essential oil of the stem and leaves, which the major compounds were Camphor (34.49%), Alpha-Pinene (8.16%), Camphene (7.87%), Terpinene-4-ol (5.70%), 1,8-Cineole (3.32%). In addition, the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract was evaluated using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method.. According to antioxidant activity outcomes, the amount of IC50s of aqueous extracts of flower and stem and also butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) as standard were 232.34, 63.25 and 45.59 ppm respectively. Ultimately, it was highlighted that antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of flower was weaker than stem.

There is currently great concern about the possible adverse effect of microwave radiation from cell phones. In addition, noise is one of the physical pollutants of modern societies.. The present study aimed to examine the separate and simultaneous effects of cell phone microwaves, noise, and their effects on sperm parameters and total antioxidant capacity in adult male rats. An experimental study was conducted on 28 Wistar adult male rats (200 - 250 g). Randomly selected animals were divided into four groups; control (C), microwave (M), noise (N), and noise plus microwave (NM) groups. In all groups, a sperm analysis was performed based on World Health Organization (WHO) standards and the mean of the sperms’ total antioxidant capacity was determined by a Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) assay. The data were analyzed by a one way ANOVA statistical technique, followed by a Tukey’s test using SPSS (version 16) software and P < 0.05 was considered significant. The findings of the study demonstrated that sperm viability and motility, in the exposure to cell phone waves group (group 2) and the simultaneous exposure to cell phone waves and noise group (group 4), decreased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity of sperm in all exposure groups decreased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05).. Exposure to cell phone waves can decrease sperm viability and motility in adult male rats. These waves can also lower rat sperms’ total antioxidant capacity which results in oxidative stress. Exposure to severe noise levels can cause a significant decrease in the total antioxidant capacity of sperm in adult male rats, resulting in oxidative stress.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with extra- articular involvement. Eyes in particular are one of the most common sites of involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, dry eye syndrome is the most common conflict in terms of management. Particular studies suggested dry eye has been associated with greater rheumatoid arthritis severity, but its association with disease severity is not known. To investigate relationship between the severity of active RA and dry eye.Patients and In this cross- sectional study, 60 patients with RA were enrolled. Severity of RA was calculated using the formula of DAS28-ESR. Simultaneously, in addition to clinical findings of rheumatoid arthritis, appropriated eye examinations were performed. Relationships between the severities of RA with a positive rate of dry eye syndrome were assessed.. The mean severity of RA that had definite dry eye syndrome according to DAS28-ESR was 4.53 mm. However in the group without dry eye syndrome the calculation was 3.93. Totally, there was no significant correlation between the severity of RA and dry eye syndrome (P = 0.39).. Our investigation showed that dry eye syndrome is not associated with severity of rheumatoid arthritis.

Correct performance in interventions in health and cure systems, increasing patient's satisfaction and promoting the health state, necessitate the need to make a proper and correct communication among health and cure staff with patients. This study is performed with the aim of studying the knowledge, attitude and performance of the health and cure centers staff regarding using communication skills in interacting with clients in Zahedan city.Patients and In this research, 135 staff from the health and cure centers were selected by random sampling method. Data collecting tool was a questionnaire including four parts that contained demographic information, knowledge, and attitude. Questionnaires were completed by health employee and skills check list was completed through observing the role playing of the health employees in contact with patients. Data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS software. T statistical test, one way ANOVA, Pierson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were performed. knowledge, attitude and performance of the communication skills in health employees were 36.9%, 34.6% and 41.8% respectively. There was a positive and meaningful association between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and performance and attitude and performance (P 0.05). There was not any meaningful association between gender, marital state and education with knowledge, attitude and performance, but there was a positive and meaningful association between recruitment manner (projective, contractive and official) and relative performance. Moreover there was a negative and statistically meaningful association between age and service years. The results of regression analysis by stepwise method showed that attitude and age were predictors of perfect performance of the health staff. Knowledge, attitude and performance of the communication skills of health staff are improper and it would lead to not using the communication skills to establish perfect communication with patients, so it seems that it is necessary to make the training courses during the service for health staff about communication skills and observing on performing the acquired skills.

Dust events are common air pollution events in parts of the world in arid, semiarid, or desert areas. During the last years, air quality of Kerman city has been deteriorated due to urban and industrial development as well as population growth.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dust fall events in Kerman city. The British Jar Test assembly method was applied. Sampling sites were located in seven spots of the city. Forty two dust fall samples were monthly collected during 6 months (May-November, 2009). All test methods have been adopted from the ASTM guideline and Air Sampling Method and Analysis text. Dust fall concentrations were analyzed as a function of times, locations and meteorological parameters. The results showed that the maximum total dust fall (TDF) was 24.42 g/m2.month and the minimum 6.56 g/m2.month at Resallat square station and Shahab Avenue, respectively. The average of monthly concentration of TDF had its maximum in the fifth period (Sept-Oct) which was 17.44 g/m2.mon. The average of monthly concentration of TDF had its minimum in the fourth period (Aug-Sep) which was 11.9 g/m2.mon. TDF average concentration in the 6 month period of taking sample was 14.41 g/m2.mon. To sum up, there was no significant association between variables such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and dust concentration, whereas a significant association was found between precipitation variable and dust concentration. One –Way ANOVA Test demonstrated meaningful difference between mean of the TDF values in different stations and sampling period.

According to world health organization definition, which concerns for from mental health problem could not realize his/her own potential, cope with the normal stresses of life and work productively and fruitfully.. This study aimed to assess mental health of high school students in Bandar Abbass, Iran. Patients and A total of 440 students recruited in this cross-sectional study through randomly cluster sampling. Thirty students filled out the questionnaires incompletely, so 410 questionnaires were analyzed (response rate = 93.2%). The 12-items General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used as data collection instrument.. The mean age of participants was 16.5 (SD = 1.34) year. 50.2% of them were male. The mean GHQ-score of all participants was 2.99 (SD = 2.5), and 35.4% of them obtained the cut of point score of ≥ 3.7. The mean GHQ-scores of males and females were 3.27 (SD = 2.4) and 2.71 (SD = 2.6) respectively. There were significant differences among participants in terms of gender (P < 0.02), age groups (P < 0.003), and study grade (P < 0.001). Male, younger and lower grade study students had worse condition.. According to the results of this study it is recommended that more attention be paid to improve mental health of students.

Fresh vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of reported cases of food-borne illness regarding fresh vegetables.. The objective of this study was to evaluate the parasitological contamination of vegetables which are consumed raw and commercialized in Zahedan, Iran. These findings could lead to better practices in handling vegetables to protect against intestinal parasitic infections. We studied 96 samples of raw vegetables including Garden cress, Wild Leek, sweet basil, cultivated radish, Dill, Coriander, Parsley, Peppermint and Scallion collected from markets in Zahedan City, Iran between June and August 2012. The study was performed in the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. The vegetables were washed in tap water including an anionic detergent, the washing solution was then centrifuged and the sediments were examined for parasites.. The findings of forty three samples (44.8%) of all vegetables were microscopically positive for the presence of pathogenic metazoans, the results of 22 (22.9%) were positive for pathogenic protozoa and the results of 34 (35.4%) were positive for nonpathogenic protozoa species. It may be concluded that parasites are common in vegetables that are frequently eaten raw, and the use of tap water does little to remove them. Regarding the results of this study, the importance of vegetables in the transmission of intestinal parasites is stressed, and it is necessary to improve the sanitary conditions of these kinds of food.