فهرست مطالب

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:17 Issue: 11, Nov 2012

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1391/12/12
  • تعداد عناوین: 20
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  • Izet Masic Page 993
    •The Islamic scientific thought developed on the crossroads of the oldest civilizations, in the space of constant tensions and riots. The development of the Islamic golden civilization is marked with the religion Islam and the influence of the Hebrew, Helenistic, Persian, Christian and other traditions and cultures. The scientific contribution of the Islamic scholars is immense; from trigonometry and algebra to optics, chemistry, astronomy and other scientific disciplines. The Islamic scholastic philosophy revived the ancient greek philosophy and preserved the heritage of Aristotle and Plato for the European renaissance. One of the greatest names of the falasifa-helenistically inspired philosophy-was Abdullah Ibn sina (Avicenna, 980-1037). Ibn Sina, seen by some as a representative of pure aristotelism, by others as a neoplatonic, by the maority as an unique thinker whose spirit made it to the heights of geniality, a man whose books were burned by some khalifahs and banned by the Church, is mentioned in Dante's "Divine comedy" as one of the good people who did not know Christianity or were not Christians in the first circle of "Inferno" together with Aristotle, Plato, Heraclitus, Hipokrates and Averroes. His opus contains about three hundred works-46 on philosophical topics, 44 on medical, 81 works on astronomy and natural sciences and over 70 works on different religious topics. He gained glory with the work "Kitab al-Qanun fit-Tibb" (The Canon of Medicine) an enyclopaedia of medicine in five books, translated into Latin in the 13th century by Gerardo de Cremone. The Canon of Medicine was the medical authority up until the 17th century and was setting the standards for medicine in Europe and the Islamic world. "Al-Qanun fit-Tibb"-„The Canon of Medicine“, is a recapitulation of the medicine of that time. It was written in five books: Book I-General principles, Book II-Materia medica; Book III-Diseases of the individual organs; Book IV- General diseases; Book V-Formula for remedies. This work is very similar to the works of Avicenna's predecessors Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi and Ali Ibn Abbas Al-Majusi, who presented the doctrine of Hippocrates, modified by Aristotle and Galen. Yet, the Canon was more systematic and logical than other medical scriptures of that time, containing references of books of previous physicians, enriched and modified with Ibn Sina's own reflections. The Canon was translated into Latin and had 15 Latin editions. The Canon was the main textbook at the medical schools at Louvain and Montpellier till 1657. No medical book was studied to this amount in more then 600 years. Ibn Sina started writing this work in 1012, exactly thousand years ago, and finished it in 1024. He made the rules for experimenting and he was the first to conduct the modern scientific method. In this experimental method, the true genius of Ibn Sina’s originality could be seen; in it is his glory not only as a doctor, but as a philosopher, since many of his philosophical teaching came out from his scientific method.
    Keywords: Al, Qanun fit, Tibb, Ibn Sina, Islamic scientific thought
  • Mahshid Nasehi, Jafar Hassanzadeh, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Bahram Zeigami, Hamidreza Tabatabae, Ebrahim Ghaderi Page 1001
    Background
    Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is a major key for effective TB program. Evaluation of delay in diagnosis of smear positive TB is needed to evaluation of TB program situation in each country. The aim of this study was to evaluate of diagnosis delay in smear positive tuberculosis patients in Islamic Republic of Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross sectional study, all smear positive TB registered patients from 20 March 2009 to 20 March 2010 in Iran were assessed. Diagnosis delay is defined as the time interval between the first presentations of TB symptoms to the TB confirmation. Mann-Whitney test, chi-square and logistic regression was used to analysis.
    Results
    Diagnosis delay was 58 days in female and 53 days in male (P=0.004), 61 days in non-Iranian and 54 days in Iranian (P<0.001), 59 days in urban and 50 days in rural (P<0.001), 57 days in non-prisoner and 37 days in prisoner (P<0.001), 61 days in patients who chose private outpatients system and 52 days in patients who chose Public health outpatients system (P<0.001). 193 (9.4%) had 1-9 bacilli and 2132 (37.4%) were 3+ in sputum smear examination.
    Conclusion
    Non-Iranian, urban, non-prisoner, old patients and the patients who chose private system are in risk of delay diagnosis of TB. Cooperation of private system through public-private mix model is an important key in successful national TB program (NTP).
    Keywords: Diagnosis delay, public private mix, tuberculosis
  • Rezvan Salehidoost, Ashraf Aminorroayai, Maryam Zare, Massoud Amini Page 1005
    Background
    To determine whether uric acid levels are associated with the components of metabolic syndrome and whether uric acid is a significant factor for development of metabolic syndrome in the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients as high risk group.
    Materials And Methods
    A total of 694 (182 male and 512 female, aged 30-69 years) first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients during 2007-2011 were enrolled. The height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile and uric acid concentrations were measured. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP-ATP III.
    Results
    Uric acid was associated with waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol level in both sexes (r=0.1-0.3, P<0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the fourth quartile of uric acid (64.4% of male and 60.2% of female population) was significantly more than those in the first (25.5% of male and 31.2% of female population) and second quartiles (33.3% of male and 32.0% of female population). The mean of uric acid in people with metabolic syndrome was significantly higher than in those without (6.6±1.2 mg/dL vs. 5.8±1.2 mg/dL; P=0.0001).The age-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of uric acid for metabolic syndrome in univariate analysis were [1.60 (1.23-2.07); P=0.008] for men and [1.61 (1.34-1.92); P=0.0001] for women but the effect of uric acid in multivariate logistic regression was not significant.
    Conclusions
    Uric acid is associated with majority of the metabolic syndrome components. People with metabolic syndrome have higher uric acid levels. However, uric acid probably is not an independent factor to predict the metabolic syndrome.
    Keywords: Cardiovascular disease_insulin resistance_metabolic syndrome_obesity_type 2 diabetes
  • Abbas Ali Eskandarian Page 1011
    Background
    Because there is no effective drug therapy for hydatid cyst yet, assessment and finding of some new agents especially from herbal origin with a desired scolicidal effect attracts great attention for treatment and pre-surgical use to prevent the hydatid cyst recurrence. Hazelnut, squash seeds and garlic chloroformic and hydro-alcoholic extracts’ scolicidal effects were examined.
    Materials And Methods
    Suspension of protoscolices was obtained from infected liver and or lung of sheep and goats from Ziyaran abattoir. The chloroformic and hydro-alcoholic extracts from hazelnut, squash seeds and garlic were extracted using the succilate method. Scolicidal effect of each extract assessed in different concentrations and effected time using microscopy and 0.1% eosin solution stained only killed protoscolices.
    Results
    Present study showed that garlic had more potent scolicidal effects among all the 3 plants and the chloroformic extract of garlic was the most potent protoscolicid among all of the extracts and killed 98% of protoscolices in 50 mg/ml on a minimum of 20 minutes of exposure.
    Conclusion
    Garlic chloroformic extract is a safe and potent protoscolicid and might be used in hydatid cyst treatment and pre-surgery to prevent secondary cyst recurrence.
  • K. Subhash Chandra Bose, Shachin K. Gupta, Sandeep Singh Page 1015
    Background
    Retinol binding protein-4 (BP-4) a new adipocytokine, specifically binds to retinol, through experimental studies, reported its link between obesity and insulin resistance (IR). But till date no studies are available on influence of genetic predisposition of diabetes on RBP-4 expression. Hence, we aimed to study the influence of genetic predisposition of diabetes on the serum RBP-4 and its role in development of IR and diabetes in genetically high risk population.
    Materials And Methods
    Healthy non diabetic individuals (age 18 to 22) were grouped into Group I: control (n = 81), whose parents are non diabetic, non hypertensive and does not have any family history of coronary heart diseases. Group II: (n = 157) with one of their parents diabetic and Group III: (n = 47) with both parents diabetic. In all the participants, we estimated fasting serum RBP-4, insulin and glucose. Homeostasis model for assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model for assessment-beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) were calculated from fasting serum insulin and glucose levels.
    Results
    In this study, we observed significantly higher RBP-4 levels 12.71 ± 2.3 in Group-II and 13.25 ± 2 in Group-III, respectively when compared to Group-I 11.4 ± 1.8 (P < 0.01). RBP-4 showed a significantly strong positive correlation with plasma insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR in genetically high risk population (group II and III) P < 0.01. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong positive association of RBP-4 with parental diabetes even after adjusting for BMI, age and sex (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.089-1.40).
    Conclusion
    Higher serum RBP-4 and its positive correlation with Insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR in healthy non diabetic participants of genetically high risk population, indicating its role as predictor for the onset of diabetes in coming future.
    Keywords: Adipocytokines, diabetes, insulin resistance, retinol binding protein, 4
  • Amirnader Emami Razavi, Mohsen Ani, Morteza Pourfarzam, Gholam Ali Naderi Page 1020
    Background
    High density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are heterogeneous in composition, structure, size, and may differ in conferring protection against cardiovascular disease. HDL associated enzyme, paraoxonase-1 (PON1), has an important role in attenuation of atherogenic low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between HDL particle size and PON1 activity in relation to serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.
    Materials And Methods
    One hundred and forty healthy subjects contributed to this study. HDL was separated by sequential ultracentrifugation and its size was estimated by dynamic light scattering. Paraoxonase activity was measured spectrophotometrically using paraoxon as substrate.
    Results
    Results of this study showed that PON1 activity had negative correlations with HDL mean particle size (r = −0.22, P < 0.01), HDL2/HDL3 ratio, and serum HDL-C levels (r = −0.25, P < 0.01). HDL mean particle size and HDL2/HDL3 ratio had negative correlation with body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), and serum triglyceride (TG) levels, and positive correlation with serum HDL-C levels. Serum HDL-C levels had significant positive correlations with age, total cholesterol (TC), and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and significant negative correlation with BMI, WHR, and TG.
    Conclusion
    Based on the results of this study, determination of HDL mean particle size beside the serum PON1 activity may help to better understand the CAD risks, pathogenesis, and prognosis, and may also help to design therapeutic protocols toward beneficial modifications of HDL characteristics.
    Keywords: Dynamic light scattering, HDL size, HDL, C, PON1 activity, zetasizer
  • Goran KekoviĆ_Branislav MilovanoviĆ_Dragomir DavidoviĆ_Dejan RakoviĆ_Milka Ć UliĆ Page 1027
    Objective

    We investigated the effects of bisoprolol and losartan on subjects with essential hypertension, by conducting heart rate variability (HRV) analysis of ECG signals. Our intention was to establish the set of linear and nonlinear heart rate variability parameters, which could be used as a noninvasive markers in the treatment of hypertension.

    Methods

    Sixty subjects with essential hypertension included in this study were divided in two groups. During the four weeks medical treatment, the first group was administered with daily oral dose of 5 mg of bisoprolol and the second with daily oral dose of 50 mg of losartan. We recorded ECG signals, and performed HRV analysis of consecutive RR time intervals, before and after a month of pharmacological therapy.

    Results

    In the case of bisoprolol, statistically the most significant changes of HRV parameters were: TP (1814.1±1731.3 ms2 vs. 761.3±725.0 ms2, p<0.0001), RR (870.2±105.7 ms vs. 1027.2±150.0 ms, p<0.0001), HR (70.81±8.42 bp/min vs. 60.10±9.52 bp/min, p<0.0001). In the case of losartan, the most significant changes were: SDNN (43.16±17.27 ms vs. 237.98±118.54 ms, p=0.002), rmSDD (27.09±18.27 ms vs. 46.82±37.71 ms, p=0.003), SD2 (55.18±20.6 vs. 70.67±26.12, p<0.019) and DF2 (0.69±0.21 vs. 0.86±0.25, p<0.014).

    Conclusion

    Effects of bisoprolol and losartan were especially manifested among the set of linear HRV parameters. As a consequence of effect of losartan, we singled out the nonlinear parameters SD2 and DF2.

    Keywords: Bisoprolol, heart rate variability, hypertension losartan
  • Mansoor Karimifar, Morteza Aghajanpoor, Amirhossein Salari, Ahmadreza Zamani, Mansour Salesi, Peyman Motaghi Page 1033
    Background
    Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus are major and growing public health problems particularly among postmenopausal women. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis and osteopenia with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in postmenopausal women.
    Materials And Methods
    In a cross sectional study, we compared 200 diabetic postmenopausal women with 400 non-diabetic postmenopausal women over the age of 60 years. Age, Body Mass Index (BMI), T score of the lumbar vertebra (L2-L4) and femoral neck were measured with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and were compared between the two groups. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) was also measured in patients with type 2 DM and its relationship with osteoporosis was studied. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and Independent T-test was used for analyzing the data. The statistical significance was set at a P value of 0.05 or lower.
    Results
    Mean, SD ages were 65.23±4.80 vs. 66.91±5.78 years and BMI were 28.94±4.06 vs. 31.65±4.42 kg/m2 in non-diabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. Lumber T scores was -2.10±1.08 vs.-2.16±1.27 (P=0.60), femoral neck T-score was -0.72±1.00 vs. -1.09±0.96 (P=0.00) in non-diabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. There was a significant difference in femoral neck T score between the diabetic and non-diabetic group (P=0.00). In diabetic women, bone loss was more common in those with HbA1C ≥7 compare to those with HbA1C <7 (P=0.006). •
    Conclusion
    Osteopenia and osteoporosis is more common in diabetic postmenopausal women compare to the non-diabetic postmenopausal women
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal women
  • Mojgan Jalalzadeh, Zeinalabedin Nurcheshmeh, Ramin Mohammadi, Nouraddin Mousavinasab, Mohammad Hassan Ghadiani Page 1039
    Background
    Hyperuricemia has been associated with the development of high blood pressure (BP). We studied the effects of allopurinol therapy in hyperuricemic hemodialysis (HD) patients with high BP.
    Materials And Methods
    This single-blind, randomized cross-over clinical study involved 55 HD patients with serum uric acid level >6.5(men) and >5.5mg/dL(women). They were randomly divided in two groups, each of which went through two phases. Group-1 in phase-1 received 100 mg/day orally of allopurinol for three months; while Group-2 was given whatever medication they received prior to the study. After two months of washing period, the groups were crossed-over. The BP levels were measured before and after HD during the eight months study period.
    Results
    Fifty-three patients completed the study (33 men and 20 women, with mean age of 55.8 years). Uric acid levels decreased significantly during the12 weeks of allopurinol therapy (7.71±1.53 to 5.2±1.2 P< 0.005). Overall, after the 12 weeks of allopurinol therapy, systolic and diastolic BP also significantly decreased in allopurinol group, 15.8% (139 to 117, P<0.0005) and 8.6% (81 to 74, P<.0005), respectively. There were not significant changes in body mass index, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin, liver enzymes and serum electrolytes level after treatment. Patients treated with allopurinol had a significant increase in the quality of dialysis (KT/V) (P: 0.043).
    Conclusions
    In HD patients, allopurinol treatment reduced BP. The results indicate a new potential therapeutic approach for controlling BP in HD patients.
    Keywords: Allopurinol, end stage renal disease (ESRD), high blood pressure, Uric acid
  • Ahmet Cemal Pazarli, Handan Inonu Koseoglu, Sibel Doruk, Semsettin Sahin, Ilker Etikan, Serhat Celikel, Bahadir Berktas Page 1047
    Background
    Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AeCOPD) are important causes of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we analyzed procalcitonin (PCT) levels in AeCOPD and stable period of COPD in order to evaluate usage of PCT in the prediction of the severity of AeCOPD, and its value on the planing of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV).
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross sectional study (2009-2010) 118 COPD patients were enrolled, 68 of them (58%) were in acute exacerbations (case group). The others had stabile COPD and they were defined as control group.
    Results
    In case group the mean levels of PCT (0.19±0.02) C-Reactive Protein (44.7±5.92), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (28.4±2.65), white blood cell (9.4±0.43) and %neutrophils (69.9±1.22) were significantly higher than controls (P=0.0001). There was no difference between PCT levels based on stages of COPD. There were significiant differences in mean PCT levels according to type and severity of AeCOPD. Mean PCT level in hospitalized patients receiving NPPV was 0.36 ng/ml, while it was 0.15 ng/ml for those treated without NPPV (P=0.0001). PCT cut-off value for NPPV indication was determined to be 0.10 ng/ml.
    Conclusions
    PCT levels were found to be higher in AeCOPD patients than in stable COPD patients, as expected. Also mean PCT levels increased especially in cases with severe AeCOPD and those receiving NPPV among them. In the present study, we determined a cut off value of PCT as 0.10 ng/ml as a predictor of necessity of NPPV in AeCOPD.
    Keywords: Acute exacerbation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, procalcitonin, noninvasive positive pressure treatment
  • Zahra Dana Siadat, Keyvan Kiani, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Amirsina Shariat, Ziba Farajzadegan, Maryam Kheirmand Page 1052
    Background
    Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent condition in many countries. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether deficient vitamin D status is associated with coronary artery disease considering cardiovascular risk factors.
    Materials And Methods
    We measured 25 (OH) D serum levels in 57 patients that were diagnosed with coronary artery disease upon coronary angiography and 62 individuals in the control group who were matched for age and sex with the patients and examined the association between serum 25(OH)D and coronary artery disease with regard to other cardiovascular risk factors.
    Results
    The odds ratio of being affected by coronary artery disease in individuals with vitamin D deficiency(25 (OH) D<30 ng/ml) was 5.8(1.77-18.94) after adjustment with other cardiovascular risk factors, ie, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, physical activity and high blood cholesterol in comparison with the control group.
    Conclusion
    Low levels of 25(OH)D are associated with prevalent coronary artery disease independent of other cardiovascular risk factors.Further investigations could demonstrate the need for vitamin D supplementations in order to prevent atherosclerosis.
    Keywords: Coronary artery disease_cardiovascular disease_risk factor_Vitamin D deficiency
  • Mohammad Yousuf Rathor, Mohammad Fauzi Abdul Rani, A. R. Jamalludin, M. Amran M., Tca Shahrin, A. Shah Page 1056
    Background
    Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) remains the deadliest and most disabling form of stroke. The aim of our study was to determine the potential predictors for survival and neurological recovery in PICH patients by clinical-computed tomographic (CT) correlation.
    Materials And Methods
    A prospective study conducted among PICH patients at a tertiary care hospital. The clinical and CT scan findings were correlated with the functional outcome using modified Rankin scores (mRS) of 0-5 at discharge and during six months follow-up.
    Results
    The clinical and CT findings in 160 (93 male and 67 female) eligible adult patients with age range from 25 to 85 years (mean age 58.30 ± 11.44 years) were analyzed. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score was significantly higher among survivors. (12.8 ± 0.4 vs. 8.5 ± 0.5, p < 0.001) Based upon the pattern of the CT findings, the best outcome in terms of survival was for the patients with ICH in basal ganglia / internal capsule region (86.7 %), followed by lobar hemorrhage (67.1%). Good functional outcome was associated with a hematoma volume of less than 30 ml. At discharge majority of the survivors were functionally dependent 76 (70.4%) and only 32 (29.6%) achieved functional independence. The significant independent predictors of in- hospital survival were GCS score > 9 (OR 10.8; 95% CI 4.061 to 28.719), basal ganglia/internal capsule bleed (OR 9.750; 95% CI 2.122 to 45.004), hematoma volume < 30ml (OR 11.476; 95% CI 4. 810 to 27.434), no mid line shift (OR 4.901; 95% CI 2.405 to 9.987) and no intraventricular extension of hemorrhage (OR 7.040; 95% CI 3.358 to 14.458).
    Conclusion
    Outcome and functional status at discharge were well correlated with the initial CT scan findings and GCS score.
    Keywords: CT scan, Glasgow coma Scale, modified rankin score, primary intracerebral haemorrhage, rehabilitation, survival
  • Behnaz Khani, Setare Nasiri Zeidi Page 1063
    Background
    Given the controversies regarding the effectiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists in ovarian stimulation, this study was designed to compare GnRH agonist protocol with GnRH antagonist protocol in ovarian stimulation of patients who were candidate for assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs).
    Materials And Methods
    This investigation was performed on 136 patients who were randomly allocated to two groups of GnRH agonist and GnRH antagonist. In the first group stimulation was performed by administration of Buserelin, and in the second group, it was performed by giving Cetrorelix. Then patients were compared regarding results of ovarian stimulation, pregnancy outcomes and rate of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome (OHSS).
    Results
    There were not significant differences between 2 groups regarding the ovarian stimulation, pregnancy outcomes and rate of OHSS (P value> 0.05).
    Conclusion
    Administration of GnRH antagonists in ovarian stimulation will be a reasonable option to GnRH agonists in assessment reproduction treatment; however, further studies are suggested.
    Keywords: Assisted reproductive techniques, GnRH antagonist, GnRH agonist, ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome, ovarian stimulation, pregnancy rate
  • Mohammad R. Maracy, Gholam R. Kheirabadi Page 1067
    Background
    Investigators describe a dramatic increase in the incidence of mood disorder after childbirth, with the largest risk in the 90 days after delivery. This study is designed to develop a relatively simple screening tool and validate it from the significant variables associated with postpartum depression (PPD) to detect delivered women at high risk of having PPD.
    Materials And Methods
    In the cross-sectional study, 6,627 from a total of 7,300 delivered women, 2-12 months after delivery were recruited and screened for PPD. Split-half validation was used to develop the risk score. The training data set was used to develop the model, and the validation data set was used to validate the developed the risk factors of postpartum depression risk score using multiple logistic regression analysis to compute the β coefficients and odds ratio (OR) for the dependent variables associated with possible PPD in this study. Calibration was checked using the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. A score for independent variables contributing to PPD was calculated. Cutoff points using a trade-off between the sensitivity and specificity of risk scores derived from PPD model using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.
    Results
    The predicted and observed PPD were not different (P-value = 0.885). The aROC with area under the curve (S.E.) of 0.611 (0.008) for predicting PPD using the suggested cut-off point of -0.702, the proportion of participants screening positive for PPD was 70.9% (sensitivity) (CI 95%; 69.5, 72.3) while the proportion screening negative was 60.1% (specificity) (CI 95%; 58.2, 62.1).
    Conclusion
    Despite of the relatively low sensitivity and specificity in this study, it could be a simple, practical and useful screening tool to identify individual at high risk for PPD in the target population.
    Keywords: Postpartum depression, risk score, validation
  • Majid Khorvash, Ahmadreza Askari, Fatemeh Rafiemanzelat, Manijeh Botshekan, Farzin Khorvash Page 1072
    Introduction
    This study is performed to investigate the effect of strength and endurance training on the levels of depression, anxiety, and C-reactive proteins inflammatory biomarker changes.
    Materials And Methods
    The research method was experimental, and the statistical population is formed of 300 volunteer male students. After the pre-test, 120 subjects with notable depression and anxiety levels obtained from Beacke and Ketel‘s questionnaires were selected and randomly divided into two groups of strength and endurance, each containing 60 subjects, and then, again into two groups of experimental and control, each with 30 subjects. All 120 subjects were blood-sampled in the first stage to determine CRP concentration. After 20 sessions of strength and endurance exercises again depression, anxiety, and C-reactive proteins testes were used for both control and experimental groups. Ultimately, the obtained data were analyzed by using t-test in dependent and independent groups and covariance analysis in P 0.05 level.
    Results
    The results showed that the average of age is 25.1±3.2, average of weight is 70.4±8.4 and average of height is 169.8±12.1, in the subjects. Also, the strength and endurance training had reduced the anxiety by 27% (P =.0001), depression by 37% (P =.0001) and C-reactive proteins by 20% (P =.0001), in the subjects.
    Discussion
    Regarding the different effects of training types on research variables, the results showed that the endurance training has a greater effect in reducing the depression, and strength training, in blood C-reactive proteins reduction, Although, no significant difference was observed between anxiety-reducing effects of strength and endurance training.
    Keywords: Anxiety, C, reactive protein, depression, strength, endurance training
  • Umran Sarwar, Marios Nicolaou Page 1077
    Publication of medical research is the cornerstone for the propagation and dissemination of medical knowledge, culminating in significant effects on the health of the world’s population. However, instances of individuals and institutions subverting the ethos of honesty and integrity on which medical research is built in order to advance personal ambitions have been well documented. Many definitions to describe this unethical behaviour have been postulated although the most descriptive is the ‘FFP’ (fabrication, falsification and plagiarism) model put forward by the United States’ Office of Research Integrity. Research misconduct has many ramifications of which the world’s media is all to keen to demonstrate. Many high profile cases the world over have demonstrated this lack of ethics when performing medical research. Many esteemed professionals and highly regarded world institutions have succumbed to the ambitions of a few, who for personal gains, have behaved unethically in pursuit of their own ideals. Although institutions have been set up to directly confront these issues, it would appear that a lot more is still required on the part of journals and their editors to combat this behavioural pattern. Individuals starting out at very junior positions in medical research ought to be taught the basics of medical research ethics so that populations are not failed by the very people they are turning to for assistance at times of need. This article provides a review of many of the issues of research misconduct and allows the reader to reflect and think through their own experiences of research. This hopefully will allow individuals to start asking questions on, what is an often, a poorly discussed topic in medical research.
    Keywords: Ethics, fraud, plagiarism, research, scientific misconduct, United States office of research integrity
  • Maryam Khalili, Nosratollah Eshghyar, Fereshteh Ensani, Pouyan A. Shakib Page 1082
    Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a relatively common soft tissue tumor but only 6%–7% of cases are diagnosed in the head and neck region. It typically occurs in young adults and is slightly more common in males. The most common sites in the head and neck region are hypopharynx and parapharyngeal spaces. However, SS can also occur in tonsils, tongue, and orofacial soft tissues. It is not difficult to diagnose SS microscopically with its classic biphasic appearance, but the diagnosis of monophasic forms is more challenging especially in unusual locations. In this article, we report a rare case of monophasic SS of the mandible. The clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features are discussed and compared with previously reported cases in the literature. To our knowledge, only six primary involvements have been reported in the jaws. Therefore, our case represents the seventh reported case of SS in the area.
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, jaw lesion, mandible, mouth neoplasm, synovial sarcoma
  • Turgay Ulas, Irfan Tursun, Mehmet Sinan Dal, Mehmet Ali Eren, Hakan Buyukhatipoglu Page 1086
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are one of the most common bacterial infections, seen in humans, worldwide and their possible relationships to different diseases are a focus of attention nowadays. H. pylori may cause some extra intestinal manifestations some of which are dermatological conditions, including Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. We describe a 49-year-old man who presented with HSP triggered by gastric H. pylori infection. Treatment of H. Pylori infection was accompanied by prompt resolution of the gastrointestinal manifestations and purpuric rashes. These findings suggest a causative role for H. pylori in the occurrence of HSP.
    Keywords: Eradication therapy, Helicobacter pylori, Schonlein, Henoch purpura
  • Zohreh A. Moghadam, Maryam Mirlohi, Hamidreza Pourzamani, Akbar Malekpour Page 1089
  • Amin Saburi, Majid Shohrati, Mostafa Ghanei Page 1092