مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 30، تابستان 1391)

With gradual expansion of constructivism view among different social sciences that is known by other titles like constructivism, it is known as an interpreter ideology that is seeking to benefit of quantitative methods. There is no doubt that explaining meaning networks needs to benefit of quantitative methods. In quantitative research method of international relations, some people try to explore constructive meaning in the world and ignore its importance in societies. It can’t be ignored that constructive meaning have indicative role in societies to form international decisions.This paper, after a theoretical study about constructivism, religion and foreign policy’s meaning, and based on a survey, tries to show the relation between religion insight and the way of thinking about foreign policy in Iran.

This paper examines the realistic theory in international relations. Theory of alliances has been proposed by both idealism and realism approaches. Idealism and liberalism approaches in survey alliances indicate to commonalities of governments’ cultural, ideological parts of alliances in addition to economic issues. This approach plays a very important role in ideology in the formation of alliances. Realism approach in survey alliances focuses on the power of countries and external threats. Nowadays, the alliance and cooperation in international relations are very important because of the extensive communication between countries and also the globalization process in such a way that no country can keep itself away of this process. In the first part of the paper, we are going to define the alliance. In the second part, the formation causes of alliances and also the kinds of alliances are discussed and finally in the third part of article, the continuation and declineof alliances have been studied.

The Internet as a medium with its special features has provided mankind with a new opportunity, conveying new meanings to the information society. Using Barzilai-Nahon Network Gatekeeping Theory (NGT), this article aims to demonstrate how cyberspace has resulted in the construction of signs, with its unique signifiers and signifying system. To this end, relying on Network Gatekeeping Theory, the paper hypothesizes that cyberspace has altered the traditional concept of gatekeeping process, which is applied in the media and exercised by those who are in the possession of media power. Network Gatekeeping Theory, which relies on power decentralization through getting virtual identities on the Internet along with some other unique features of the cyberspace as hypertextuality, hypernetwork and interaction, makes possible the construction of the signs which cannot be released in the real world. Therefore, the present paper confirms Marshal McLuhan’s theory, stating that the medium is the message, since it is the technical characteristics of the media which leads to the development of signifieds as through the formation of signifiers and providing people with facilities to convey meanings.

Security has always considered as one of the crucial needs of human being and important meaning of international relations by international relations paradigm. In fact, these paradigms were the products of historical evolutions in different times. Therefore, by occurring new evolutions in international area, there is problem with explanation of these paradigms. In the face of information arena and resultant evolutions, predominant paradigms are not able to correctly explain the international security issue. The main cause of this deficiency is disregarding of security’s structural framework, or recognizing new international order.This article tries to analyze this question that, regarding to current evolutions in information area and consequently diplomatic world, are international relations theories able to explain security phenomenon? Our belief is that due to information arena’sevolution, international relations theories are not able to explain properly the meaning of international diplomacy such as security concept. Then, we try to study issues like the view of international relations theories, information evolution and influential analysis of information evolution on security.

Theory of complex systems and chaos is the last wave of system theory that causes fundamental developments in analysis of phenomena in the world. Therefore this article will present that along with process of complexity in international and regional systems, application of complex and chaos theory in this area is essential. But this issue by international relations theorists has been disregarded. In the flowing of this subject and importance of complex and chaos theory, this article addresses the fundamental question including which are the most important principal and theoretical foundations of this theory. And which uses of them? The author raises the issue and agrees with this subject that complex and chaos theory can causes fundamental developments in the analysis of functional principal of regional systems and it’s order. These developments including as variables of complexity in regional system, it’s stability, regional policy making, structure of regional conflict,…..in the other word, theory of complexity will cause a revolution in analysis of regional order.

The formation of Islamic Republic of Iran seems to be unique regarding the time of its formation, because the Islamic republic state was formed based on Vilayat-e Faqih theory in Shia Islam, with a religious nature and in a secularized international system in the world of nation states. The necessity of communication and the importance of interaction in international relations make it unavoidable for the I.R.I state to interact with the outside world. What we are considering in this article is studying the use of Fiqhi rules in traditional Fiqh, in order to form practical strategies of the I.R.I state in international relations. Thus, based on these rules, you must be able to justify the practical behavior of the I.R.I, so that both the ideals of the Islamic Revolution in defending the poor people and opposing the hegemonic states and also its useful interaction with the international states could be achieved simultaneously. By referring to the monograph of “Alamal- maa sultan” by Sayyid Murtaza in the field of social Fiqh, as a primary Fiqhi text regarding the interaction of Shia with the cruel governor, this article tries to investigate the possibility of transition from the social Fiqhi rules to international relations.

Russia has a unique position in energy politics, due to its huge reserves and geopolitical situation. This advantage has enhanced its role in world politics. In its relations with European union, Russia has usually used energy diplomacy to obtain its national interest especially impeding European Union enlargement in its neighboring. This paper examines the Russian capacities in the field of energy and the relationship between Russia and European Union in the framework of energy security. Moreover, the authors show how European Union has planned to decrease its dependence on Russia’s energy and which challenges exist for doing that.