مجله دراسات فی العلوم الانسانیه
سال نوزدهم شماره 4 (شتاء 1435)

Since a civil case is dealt in civil courts, its proceeding must be stopped until a final judgment is given on a criminal case that was filed before or during the proceeding of the civil case. Is the rule "to stop a civil case by criminal case", is binding on a civil judge and the litigants of the civil lawsuits? Whether this rule has been established for the benefit of litigants or public interest? Legislators have made a civil judge obliged to stop the civil proceeding until a final judgment in the criminal case. As such, the above rule is a supplement to "authoritative criminal order on civil case". Authors try to study the subject by dividing it into three parts: the first section deals about the basis of the aforementioned rule hence; shows reasons for the existence this rule and its relations with the public order. The second section speaks about a comparative condition, and regulation to file the criminal case and the unity of the facts in criminal and civil cases, and then deals about the necessity of the union of the litigants in criminal and civil lawsuits. The third section is an attempt to study the effects of this rule.

Inclination to the romanticism has been more prevalent in the poems of Sayed Qotb, an Egyptian who was a poet and critic before turning into an Islamic thinker and interpreter. He could sketch a comprehensive system in his poetry in which the romantic features are the dominant ones along with eastern mysticism. The influence of the Romantic School of Aqqad as well as his own deep and emotional insight on universal existence could incline Qotb towards romanticism which is reflected in his works. Love to nation and traditions, sense of spiritual loneliness along with interest in nature, love and lyrics, imagination, opposition to obsolete social habits, appraisal of freedom, and feeling the pain of others are among the main romantic characteristics in the poems of Sayed Qotb. In most of these, spiritual forces are dominant in a way that the poet links himself to the universe. With descriptive- analytic methodology, the current article tried to study romantic aspects in the poems of Sayed Qotb.

From the time immemorial, poetry has been the manifestation of events of its own time and a large number of poets including Mutran have emphasized on historical events in their poems. The current study, besides surveying Mutran's historical poetry, will discuss his outlooks about the relationship between history and politics. As such, it reviews Mutran’s stance against tyrants of history and explains his role in Innovation Movement in his historical poems and the poetic style he used to express his viewpoints. This research shows that the poet didn’t use the historical poem as a tool to record historical events but applied it for sanctifying the freedom and coping with the tyranny, thus he condemns nations who bow to tyrants with humility and submission and praises those who stand firmly against oppression and in this way didn’t suffice pray and false hope. Mutran is inspired by not only the past and the present history of Egypt rather he also pays attention to history of other nations such as Persia and Rome; because he believes in close relationships among nations and this relationship is like revenge from oppressors. Mutran in his historical poems includes his innovation aspects i.e. narrative style to attract audiences of any time and at any place. He employed other expressive techniques such as sarcasm in his language. He is also not unaware to use illustrations in his language.

The illustrations implying death are those images a poet creates using other texts and applied his/her literary experiments to present the targeted meaning. In meaningful systems of contemporary critical researches, such a concept is appeared with names such as intertextuality, personal call, heritage and mask. Using descriptive – analytical method, the present research attempts to investigate the case of contemporary Lebanese poet Khalil Hawi who applied Arab and the World heritage infinitives so that taking advantage of them he can explain the implication of death and concepts and issues related to it. At the end of such investigation, it is fond that poems of Hawi are full of throught extracted from Arabic literary heritage, native and non-native legends by applying Arab and world literary patterns (for instance Mutanabbi, Maari, Khalil Gibran, Elliot and Lorca) and religious texts (for example Bible and Qur’an); it will be revealed that how he has allocated such texts and converted them as a part of his poems.

A remarkable part of the texts of the holy Qur’an is formed of stories in which, educational, guidance and miracle aspects have been considered. In this paper twoapproaches are proposed, the first viewpoint (Khalf Allah) believes that the Qur’an hasneglected geographical factors of stories because it lacks guidance and educational benefits, and the second viewpoint (Biazar Shirazi and Abdulaziz Kamel etc) unlike the first one believes that Qur’an has had a targeted, systematic and special approach tothese factors. Based on available evidences, the second view (i.e. the importance ofspatial element from Qur’anic point of views) has been emphasized. In this process, the results show that the Qur’an has not only considered the spatial elements and geographical factors in the structure of stories, but proposed them to a three ways i.e. clear, semi-clear and complex and causes affecting the relative ambiguity or geographical factors are: the unknown nature of the geographical subject for primary audience, the need of next millennium audience to discover new aspects of scientific secrets, non-necessity of description due to clarification of ambiguities with the study of other resources, miracle statement in the brevity speech and reference of audience to hadiths of prophetic household. It is a library research based on an analytical and descriptive method with an aim to understand texts of the holy Quran better.

Miraculous, strange, fantasy or magical literature, all denote the same and that is the natural balance in the face of unnatural disaster. This literature depends on the presence or absence of reality repartition into a kind of realism. In this type of discourse, reality and unreality is intervened together and their separation is impossible and this school is the outcome of the ideas of South American writers and has been formed on the basis of environmental necessities. Among Arab writer, the most prominent one who reflects on this idea, one can point to Ibrahim al-Koni who has written more than 40 novels in this context. The environment led him to introduce his ideas based on this school. To al-Koni, the features of this school could be combining fantasy with reality in the form of reason and daily events in the form of a story that a reader can believe in it. With the techniques of duality, tone and poetic connotation and especially with amazing narrative and description, he tries to make the reader acquaint with his environment. Al- Koni has used the framework of this school to enrich Arab ideas. This study is descriptive-analytical in nature.