نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 15 (زمستان 1391)

This study aimed at application of optimization standards of water consumption in swimming pools of Urmia. For this purpose, all 13 swimming pools of Urmia were studied as the statistical sample of the study. The data were collected through a questionnaire and a checklist obtained based on the standards of Standard Institution and Industrial Studies (1388) and the Office of National Legislation for Buildings (1384). Then, after the content validity of the questionnaire was assessed, its reliability was examined in a pilot study through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient indicating 0.86. The finding showed that out of 13 swimming pools of Urmia, 9 belonged to the public sector and 4 belonged to private sector. In addition, most of them (7 pools) were built within past 10 years. The study of research hypotheses indicated that 5.83% of the swimming pools were in a moderate and 5.61% were in an inappropriate condition as far as the standards of issue 19 were concerned. Furthermore, regarding the optimization standards of water consumption, 6.84% of swimming pools were in an inappropriate and 4.15% were in a moderate condition respectively.

The aim of this study was to design a student sport strategy of Islamic Azad University. This study was a description application study and from the aspect of aim was practical. Statistical population consisted of 94 managers and experts of Physical Education General Office of Islamic Azad University, selected physical education managers and experts of faculties of Islamic Azad University and physical education faculty members who were involved in the actions of the General Office of Islamic Azad University. The sample equaled the population. Data were collected by open and close questionnaires. The validity was confirmed by some experts and the reliability of the close questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as 0.83. Friedman test was used to prioritize the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. After evaluation matrix and SWOT analysis of internal and external variables, the results showed that the strategic situation of student sport of Islamic Azad University was within conservative area (WO). Finally, appropriate strategies were suggested

Application of up to date knowledge and information, diagnosis, education, sharing, development, utilization and maintenance of knowledge is essential for the organizations, especially Physical Education Organization, to continue their existence. The aim of this research was to study the relationship of knowledge management and its components and human resource performance. The study was descriptive and data were collected with a questionnaire which had validity and its reliability was determined as 91.8% by Cronbach’s alpha. Statistical population consisted of 83 subjects that equal the statistical sample. Results from multiple regression analysis of predictive equation showed the HR performance as 59.69, diagnosis of knowledge 0.201, education of knowledge 0.428 and knowledge sharing 0.016 respectively. Absence of other variables in the model meant that their role in the model was not significant. Out of the three variables in the model, education of knowledge had the highest role in predicting human resources performance in the physical education general office of west Azerbaijan (Iran).

The aim of this research was to explain the difference in the dimensions of learning organization between federations of team and individual sports. This research was a comparative survey. The statistical population consisted of 795 fulltime employees of Iran sport federations. Out of 212 returned questionnaires, 158 questioners were from individual sport federations and 54 from team sport federations. The instrument of research was the dimensions of learning organization questionnaire with the reliability of 0.974. Descriptive and inferential statistics (independent sample t test) were used for data analysis. The results showed that realization degree of dimensions of learning organization was not at an optimal level. There was a significant difference in realization degree of continuous learning (t=3.54, P=0), conversation (t=2.63, P=0), team learning (t= -4.07, p=0), merged systems (t= -4.22, p=0), improvement (t= -3.05, p=0), relation with system (t= -3.07, p=0) and strategic leadership (t= -3.61, p=0) between federations of team and individual sports.

The aim of this study was to survey the relationship between participation motivation, psychological empowerment and affective commitment in Iran Physical Education Organization employees. The statistical population consisted of 380 experts and managers of Iran Physical Education Organization. With Krejcie and Morgan’s table, statistical sample (n=225) was selected. Spritzer’s standardized psychological empowerment questionnaire, Meyer and Allen’s standardized affective commitment questionnaire and Yang’s participation motivation questionnaire (CMQ) were used. Descriptive and path analytic methods were used to analyze data. The results showed that participation motivation had a significant positive direct (0.16) and indirect (0.15) effect on affective commitment. Also, psychological empowerment had a significant direct effect on affective commitment (0.26). Therefore, a high section of variance of psychological empowerment (0.26) and affective commitment (0.52) is a result of employees’ participation motivation. It can be generally stated that to create affective commitment in employees, it is essential for Physical Education Organization managers to improve this dimension through a motivated participation atmosphere, appropriate strategies of empowerment and direct involvement in these affairs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived organizational support on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in employees of physical education departments. The study was carried out by a descriptive field method. The statistical population consisted of all employees of Kermanshah physical education departments (n=149). Sample equaled the statistical population. In order to collect data, perceived organizational support questionnaire (POSQ), organizational commitment questionnaire (OCQ) and organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire (OCBQ) were used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) through software of AMOS/18 was used to analyze data. The results showed that perceived organizational support had an effect on organizational commitment (pc=0.45) and also on organizational citizenship behavior (pc=0.64). Also, organizational commitment had an effect on organizational citizenship behavior (pc=0.26). Generally, perceived organizational support plays an important role in determining organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in employees of physical education departments

The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of sport commitment model (SCM) in athlete students. 327 athlete students (206 male, 121 female) who were selected by stratified random sampling method completed the sport commitment model questionnaire (Scanlan et al. 1993). Results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that the model had five factors that could explain 67% of the total variance. Results of confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling showed that the five-factor model provided an adequate fit to the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients except for involvement alternatives and involvement opportunities were at an acceptable level (α=0.70). Test-retest coefficients also showed that this inventory had an adequate time consistency. The results showed that the SCM questionnaire had satisfactory reliability and validity in the sample of athlete students. Therefore, this model could provide a multidimensional theoretical framework to measure the continuation of participation behaviour in a specific sport or physical activity in general.

In this study, the attitude of team and individual sport coaches toward applying science and information technology to sport was investigated. 132 highly experienced coaches were selected as the sample and completed the questionnaire of the role of information technology in sport organized by Liebermann, Katz and Sorrentino (2006). This questionnaire consisted of three areas: coaches’ general attitudes towards computer and technology; the role of technology and scientific knowledge in gaining coaching experience; perception of technology and science in sport. Descriptive and inferential statistics (confirmatory factor analysis and independent t test) were used to analyze data. Results showed that elite coaches selected having a good relationship with the athletes, winning medals and championship as their major goals. There was no significant difference in science and technology between attitudes of men and women, group and individual sport coaches. It seems that elite coaches recognize the general importance of sport sciences, and appear to be positive about sport technologies, but they do not necessarily transform these positive attitudes into their competitive sport environments in practice, even when they use information technology for other activities. Overall, it can be said that attitude towards technology is very positive. Therefore, it is necessary to find strategies to encourage coaches to practically use scientific knowledge and existing technology.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of sport expenditures on gross domestic product in Iran. This research was a descriptive survey and due to the nature of the subject, library method was used to collect data. Required data including GDP and its components, the government sport expenditures and household sport expenditures from 1364 to 1386 were collected from Statistical Center of Iran and Management and Planning Organization. Eviews software was used to analyze the effect of sport expenditures on GDP. To analyze its long-term effect, co-integration test and to analyze its short-term effect, vector autoregressive model was used. The findings showed that government’s sport expenditures had an effect on GDP for a short period of time but household sport expenditures had no effect on GDP.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational justice and job involvement in the employees of Physical Education Organization. 140 subjects were selected as the sample through the simple random method. To collective data, demographic information questionnaire, organizational justice questionnaire (Niehoff and Moorman, 1993) and job involvement questionnaire (Kanungo 1982) were used. The result of Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant positive relationship between organizational justice and job involvement (P<0.05). The results of the t student test and one-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in perceived organizational justice in regard to demographic variables (gender, job experience, employment status). But there was a significant difference in perceived organizational justice among education levels. In addition, there was no significant difference in job involvement in regard to demographic variables (gender, job experience, employment status, education levels) (P<0.05). Also, the multivariate regression showed that distributive justice was the predictive of job involvement (P<0.05).