فصلنامه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه
پیاپی 79 (پاییز 1391)

The aim of this study, suggest a way for nomination of optimization cropping pattern with emphasis on maximization of social profit and virtual water trade in Varamin plain. In this study, first we calculate quantity of social profit as well as virtual water trade of crops and the estimate of model of mathematic programming with the use of 2008-2009 statistics. As we continue to modify model with support of virtual water trade with the use of HSJ model, minimizing planted land of wheat and barley as imported crops single and comprehensive and so minimization planted land of exported crops comprehensive. Result show that present model is not an optimum model in Varamin plain and notice to net virtual water trade in the region of Varamin caused be cultivated only wheat crop And can be said according to virtual water in low-water areas can be as a suitable method for water demand management so that the pattern can be cultivated to take direction that the available water resources of areas be less damage.

Abstract This paper examines the impact of economic, social and political indices of globalization on promotion of agricultural sector based of pool data for 20 Asian developing countries. Hoedrick Prescott filter is used to calculate the agricultural promotion index. Results show that economic globalization index has positive and significant effect on economic promotion in agriculture; however, social and political globalization indices have negative impact on economic promotion in agricultural sector in selected countries.

Present Research with purpose prioritizing the cultivation productions in Birjand city, southern Khorasan Province. statistical population of this research are experts of agriculture Jihad Organization of southern Khorasan Province. The population of sample’s research estimated 133 by Cochran formula and the information has been gathered by questionnaire method in 2008-2009 and AHP technique (Analytical Hierarchy Process) was used for analyze the data. The results of the research show that water resources and agricultural development factors in Birjand city are the main factor of determined cultivation pattern. Also of among autumn products, saffron, wheat and barley located in first priority and cotton of among spring production located in first priority for cultivate, Also, Sugar beet and corn located in the lowest priority for cultivate.

Abstract Extending participatory water management scheme in agriculture sector and transmission public management from public to social participation is one of the most important topics in water resource management in order to reduce water demand. The main goal of this study is identify factors affecting farmer's participation in water resource management in land under Gotvand’s irrigation and drainage network. Data were collected in 2008 from a survey study and complete the random questionnaire of 105 farmers in the Gotvand’s irrigation network land. The results of this study revealed that social, economical, and personal and occupation characteristics were effective on the probability of participation in water resource social management acceptance. Results showed that knowledge, income, agricultural experience, farm ownership and nonagricultural occupations variables caused increase in the probability of participatory management acceptance. Among this variables knowledge according to marginal effect has greatest effects on adoption of participatory management. Use of policies to stabilize farmer's incomes, land consolidation and organizing training and promotion classes to familiarize exploiters with participatory management process, are the this study main suggestion for increasing farmers tendency to participation on water resource management.

Statistics of official sources represent a significant difference between the performance of agricultural and horticultural per hectare and output of per capita per head of cattle Iran in compared with the world average. For solving this problem, solution that in the various project's frameworks in the agricultural sector proposed by authorities relevant with this sector during recent years is employing graduates this sector in farms. With this approach, this study with the purpose evaluates the performance these projects, are examined the effect of usage graduates of livestock science in the framework of technical manager's projects on the total productivity of factors of production (TFP) in dairy of Khorasan Razavi's province during the period 1995-2007. To achieve the desired goals in this study using simple random sampling, a group of Livestock units that the technical managers had used their units (32 units) was selected and compared (using Malmquist Index and matching methods) with another group of units, which have not used the managers in units (18 units). The results of this study revealed that performance this project played an important role in increasing TFP so that performance it caused the low-cost production livestock units (0.05) and improved efficiency technological units (0.09). According to the results this study, employing the managers in large livestock units and continuing run the plans of this type is suggested.

Abstract This paper tried to examine effective factors on actual and potential demand for agricultural credits of 164 farmers in Khorasan Razavi province using tobit model in 2009. Results showed that actual credit demand is elastic toward interest rate, loan payment manner by bank, repayment of installments and the distance between loan receipt and installments beginning. Also potential credit demand is elastic toward farmer's education, farmer's experience, agricultural income, loan term, repayment of installments, the distance between loan receipt and installments beginning and bank response percent to loan demand. At the end of paper, suggestions are offered to improve credits quality and appropriate decisions in the field of loan payment.

The price and market efficiency is influenced by factors and different indexes in which symmetry of price transmission in different markets levels is significantly important. Since, imported soybean meal and fish powder are formed great part of poultry nutrition, the purpose of this paper is examining the way of world prices influence the domestic prices of these inputs applying an Error-Correction Model (ECM) to the monthly data over the period of 2001-2010. The results indicate that decrease and increase of world prices of soybean meal and fish powder have positive effects on their domestic prices. Also, price transmission test of both inputs represent that price transmissions from world markets to domestic market are symmetric in short-run and long-run. World price fluctuations, especially when it increases, can create problem for manufacturing firms attributed to imported inputs thereby suggested that government improves fishery sector's infrastructures in order to increase production of fish powder and enhance performance of soybean to rising relevant industries (soybean meal). All of the last mentioned cases can cause to reduce import of these inputs.

Measurement of sectoral importance in the framework of general equilibrium models is used within two situations: conventional and specific situations. The use of Leontief Demand(LD) and Ghoshian Supply(GS) are not appropriate in measuring sectoral linkage in specific situation. In this paper the modified LD and GS models which are known as mixed models are used to assess the impact of decrease in agricultural, farming and horticulture output as constrained sectors to the output of the other sectors. The overall results depict that the percentage fall of total output of farming in GDP from the selling side is twice that of purchasing side whereas in the case of horticulture the opposite trend is observed. These findings reveal that forward linkage of farming is stronger that its backward linkage where as horticulture has a weaker forward and stranger backward linkage.

In the process of growth and developments of human’s societies, different forms of capital have contribution and role. In this paper relation between capitals of social, human and physical with value crops and livestock in sector rural Isfahan has been studied. The question this essay is, whether with change in the three forms of social capital, human and physical, the value of crops and livestock to be change? Method of study is survey and for collect data has been used of questionnaire and size sample was 737 people of sector rural Isfahan province in 2009. For analyze the research model, using regression analysis techniques that this model is considered to social capital, human capital and physical capital model as independent variables and the total value of agricultural and livestock products as the dependent variable model. The square multiple correlation coefficient equal 0.27 which means equal 0.27 percent of variance explained by variables dependent model in research community and remaining 73 percent by other factors and variables must be established. The variable physical capital has the most contribution and variables social capital and human capital respectively have later contribution.

In this paper, Auto-Regressive Distribution Lag Model is used to investigate the short and long run relationships between soybean meal, corn, oneday old chick and chicken meat prices. The variables of the study are soybean meal, corn, day-old chick and chicken meat monthly prices. The data were collected for period of 2001-2010. According to the results, long- run elasticities of price between chicken meat and soybean, chicken meat and corn and chicken meat and day-old chick are determined about 0.34, 0.27 and 0.29 percent respectively. It shows that chicken meat price is more sensitive to the long run changes in soybean meal prices. Furthermore, the results show that any price shock induced by inputs market causes the chicken meat price to get out of equilibrium and it adjusts by 49 percent in one month to the long-run equilibrium.Therefore it takes more than approximately two months to eliminate the disequilibrium. Policymakers must prevent price shocks that causes price fluctuations and disequilibrium in broiler market. Therefore, making a database is suggested for immediate regulatory responses to reduce disequilibrium term. Also, Price adjustment policy for day-old chicks seems more necessary.