مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال هفتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1391)

Type IV collagens is one of the most important genes which due to its function in collagen digestion can be affective in separation of the cells from the basal lamina and the metastasis of them so this gene is known as a tumor marker of several cancers. Existence of a single nucleotide polymorphism -1562 C/T at this gene’s promoter case leads to over expression of this gene in transcription level by decreasing inhibitor protein bonding on T alleles. The aim of the present study was to investigate a new method for the person’s genotype on this polymorphism without the use of PCR_RFLP. Using EPD genome database, the sequences of the intended region were received and by using PRIMER1 software 4 primers were designed for the area. With multiple PCR reaction, two pairs of the best primers were selected and the ARMS PCR was optimized for them. The PCR genotyping results were approved by direct Sequencing. With the use of the newly designed primers, the ARMS PCR product with 205 nucleotide size showed C allele and the PCR products with 253 nucleotide sizes showed the T allele. With the use of this technique, we can determine the person’s genotype with an ARMS PCR without the use of RFLP and with a higher speed and accuracy.

The purpose of this study was to survey the relationships between changes of serum levels of leptin and reproductive hormones during one session of physical activity in active women. Twenty active healthy young women were studied. After 12 h of fasting (at 8 A.M.), pre-test blood samples were collected. Then, subjects performed Balk’s treadmill protocol (as selected physical activity), and after it, post-test blood samples were taken. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare pre-test and post-test means, and relationships were calculated by Pearson’s correlation analysis. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Serum leptin, LH, and FSH concentrations remained unchanged after physical activity (P>0.05), while levels of testosterone and estradiol increased (P=0.023, P=0.011 respectively). Serum testosterone and estradiol concentrations were directly correlated to leptin concentration (r=0.47, r=0.43 respectively), while no significant correlations were observed between serum concentrations of leptin and LH or FSH (r=0.21, r=0.17 respectively). Also, there were no significant correlation between changes of leptin and testosterone, estradiol, LH, and FSH (r=0.11, r=0.19, r=0.17, r=0.15 respectively). There are direct correlations between testosterone and estradiol with leptin, while LH and FSH have no relations with leptin. It appears that there are no correlations between changes of serum leptin and reproductive hormones during one session physical activity in active women.

Fasting during Ramadan is a religious obligation and belief for healthy and adult Moslems. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of Ramadan fasting and physical activity on blood hematological-biochemical parameters. In this study twenty six healthy males were assigned into two experimental groups, non-active fasting (13 people) and active fasting (13 people) groups. Two blood samples were taken from each group at the beginning and end of Ramadan. The data was analyzed through repeated measure ANOVA. At the end of Ramadan, Hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell count (RBC), TC, LDL, HDL, LDL: HDL, TC: HDL and VLDL decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05). Amount of HDL during fasting increased significantly in active fasting (P=0.023) and non-active fasting (P=0.042). The FBS levels reduced significantly only in active fasting group (P<0.05). Fasting during Ramadan by regular physical activity led to the positive alterations in Hematological-Biochemical Index. These changes can be due to the alterations in diet, biology response of the body to the starving and physical activity during Ramadan.

The purpose of the present research was studying the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with Group method in decreasing stress of diabetic patients. The population of research consisted of all diabetic patients that are member of diabetic patient’s association 0f karaj city. The sample consisted of 30 diabetic patients (experimental group 15 persons and control group 15 persons) that selected through random sampling. Research design was experimental (pretest – posttest with control group). Stress inoculation training on experimental group was performance for 10 sessions. Research instrument were stress signs test. 5 hypotheses were formulated about effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on decrease stress signs (physical, emotional, behavioral, cognitive and total stress). Analysis of covariance was used for analyzing the data. The finding indicated that Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) had significant effect on decrease every dimension of stress signs. The results of present study demonstrate the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in decreasing stress of diabetic patients. Due to the increase of stress in diabetic patients and the effectiveness of mental intervention, special attention should be given psychological treatment in this group of patients.

Acute stress disorder is characterized by dissociative, re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyper arousal symptoms. The purpose of the present research was to compare thought control strategies and response inhibition of patients with acute stress disorder. This research is a case-control study. The research sample consisted of 40 patients with acute stress disorder and 40 normal persons which were selected through convenience sampling. To collect the data, Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Stroop Test, Thought Control Questionnaire and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised were used. The MANOVA results showed that thought control strategies and response inhibition in patients with acute stress disorder is significantly greater than those in normal persons. The results of multiple regressions showed thought control strategies and response inhibition could account for 75% of variance in symptoms of acute stress disorder. The findings suggested that patients with acute stress disorder have inefficient control strategies and more response inhibition. Also, the findings had important implications for the prevention, psychopathology and therapy of patients with acute stress disorder.

Community based rehabilitation is a strategy to improve the quality of life for people with disabilities. This study was to determine the effect of community based rehabilitation program implementation on disabled people’s living conditions in Iran. This research is a quasi-experimental study executed in 2011. Sampling method was multi-stage. In the first stage, 30% of the provinces were chosen through the random sampling method. In the next stage, 50 cities were selected from the 100 cities implementing the community based rehabilitation program in 10 provinces. Then in each city, 30 disabled people were randomly selected and for the 1503 disabled people Tizun Zhao questionnaire was completed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and wilcoxon test. The mean age (SD) of participants was 3014.2 years. Most of the participants were single and male. More people (%36.6) had psychomotor disability. Leading cause of disability was congenital defects. After the rehabilitation program implementation, the rating of enhanced the daily living abilities, motor abilities, social communication, job abilities, quality of life, source of income, employment status, participation rate in social life and training status significantly improved. There was a significant relationship in all areas between the CBR and the enhancement of the capabilities of the disabled (P0.001). Implementation of community based rehabilitation has had a positive effect on improving disabled people’s living status.

Diabetic retinopathy is a dangerous complication of diabetes which can lead to blindness in these patients. The aim of the present study is to investigate and determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients of Diabetes Unit of Shahroud.

This study is carried out on 625 clients of Diabetes Unit of Shahroud, during 10 years (since 1999-2002), patients were examined generally and ophthalmologicaly.

The mean age of clients was 47.9±11.7 years. Mean age of diabetes contraction time was 48.5±53.8 months. In the fundoscopy 442 people were normal and 183 people (29.3%) were suffering from diabetic retinopathy, 23.4% of whom were non- proliferate type And 5.9% were proliferate type. A significant relationship was found between Diabetic retinopathy and age (P<0.05), diabetes type2 (P<0.003), and diabetes contraction time (P<0.003) and fasting blood sugar (P<0.008). However, no significant relationship was observed between gender (p=.062) and the antidiabetes drugs (P=0.58) and diabetic retinopathy

Considering accelerating factors of diabetic retinopathy, and timely diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and controlling the accelerating factors, we can decrease prevalence of this important complication of diabetes mellitus.

Cost analysis can lead to optimal utilization of the resources and can improve the performance of the health care system. The present study was carried out to analyze, and compare the costs of the services provided in urban and rural health care centers in Shahroud. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. All urban and rural health care centers in Shahroud were studied in this study in 2009. The required data were collected through more than 70 forms. The data were analyzed through EXCEL and SPSS software programs. Out of the 496 health care personnel, 42.5 % of the personnel were working in urban centers and 57.5 % were working in rural centers. Among all the urban and rural centers, 66.1% of the costs were personnel costs and 33.9% were other costs. The number of services provided in urban canters was 777383 and in rural centers it was 828888. The mean cost of one service provided in urban centers was 27228 rials and in rural centers it was 34354 rials. The mean cost of one case of coverage in urban centers was estimated to be 29601 rials and in rural centers it was 37266 rials. In general, the number of the services and the coverage provided in urban centers was less than the ones provided in rural centers. The most important factor influencing the total cost of the services is the personnel cost, thus staff cutback and optimal use of the work force, using modern technologies and utilizing the capabilities of the private sector in providing health care services in urban centers can lead to better and more efficient productivity of the resources.