نشریه راهبردهای آموزش در علوم پزشکی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 19، بهار 1392)

Extensive research has been done to promote the medical ethics curriculum and several useful reviews and criticism have been published in this regard. However, no curriculum which is proportionate to our country's cultural and religious characteristics has been designed yet. So, the aim of this study was to design an appropriate and comprehensive pattern for medical ethics curriculum relying on Islam’s ethics and value principles. In this qualitative study, qualitative content analysis was used to examine the status of medical ethics education in Iran. Data was obtained using individual structured interview with 14 medical ethics authorities. In order to explain the elements and structure of the medical ethics curriculum in the international experiences, systematic review was used and 18 articles from the valid databases were analyzed. Using the library research, the evidence available in the reliable Islamic texts was gathered. The designed pattern had a combinative approach toward the medical ethics curriculum elements. The most significant and the first level of the present pattern were Islamic basics and principles and in the higher level were the principles derived from these basics and essentials. Islamic principles and essentials directed the purposes of the present pattern and turned out to be like a filter to prevent the entrance of the elements inconsistent with Islamic values into the medical ethics curriculum. It is possible to achieve the ethical education and learning of skills and qualifications of medical ethics in light of medical ethics curriculum principles and essentials with an Islamic approach and considering the elements of the formal curriculum and implicit curriculum according to the goals of this pattern.

One way to improve nursing education is to shift from the traditional teaching methods into modern student-based ones. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the implementation of the case-based teaching method and comparing it with lecture method on the amount of nursing students’ learning and satisfaction. This quasi-experimental study which was conducted in Zanjan Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery in 2010, all 30 senior nursing students were included in the study. For data collection a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The given questionnaire consisted of two sections including demographic characteristics and 20 questions regarding the comparison of the features of case-based teaching method with lecture. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 and descriptive statistical tests, independent T test and Chi Square test. In students’ point of view, the most important characteristic of the case-based teaching method was students’ increased reading comprehension compared with lecture. Moreover, 66.7% of students evaluated the case-based teaching method to be, in general, better than lecture method and had considerably higher satisfaction of it (8.38 ± 1.8 out of 10). No significant difference was observed between the students’ satisfaction mean based on gender (p>0.05). In nursing students’ standpoint, the case-based teaching method is better and enjoys more efficacy than lecture method.

Focus on the achievement in the final exams is considered to be important and increased physiological pressure for success can lead to anxiety during the test. The present study was conducted aiming at investigating the effect of positive self talk on the amount of exam anxiety in nursing students. This quasi-experimental study conducted on nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Yazd in 2011-12. Thirty students, who were arrived in 2008 and had three days break between their two exams, were selected using purposive cluster sampling and divided into experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and test TAI anxiety questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 18 software and Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. The anxiety level in the experimental group was 43.4 ± 1.3 before the intervention and 44.2±1.6 in control group (p>0.05). This mean reached 31.6±3.5 after intervention in the experimental group and 47.8±2.3 in the control group (p <0.001). Mean difference of the anxiety score in the experimental group before and after the intervention was significant (p<0.001); however, it wasn’t significant in the control group (p>0.05). application of positive self talk method can reduce the students’ test anxiety.

Identifying the reliable resources and using documented and valid evidence for students’ training and patients’ treatment is essential considering the reconsideration of Iranian traditional medicine by Iran Ministry of Health, treatment and medical education. Therefore, the present study was conducted to specify the measures and threats and the necessary solutions for application or enhancement of the application of evidence based medicine in Iranian traditional medicine.

This qualitative study addressed the view of Iranian traditional medicine experts by content analysis method and using a semi -structured, deep and face-to-face interview in 2011. Sampling was initiated in a purposive way and continued up to achieving the information saturation and totally 13 individuals interviewed. Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview consist a number of open questions performing by one of the researchers.

The obtained themes were classified into three main categories: existing opportunities in the application of evidence-based medicine (Global approach to traditional medicine, the authorities and universities’ welcome, presence of interested teachers etc.), existing threats in the application of evidence-based medicine (lack of a common strategic program, lack of teachers, etc.) and requirements and proposed approaches in the application of evidence-based medicine (benchmarking of neighboring countries, teachers’ changing of insight, etc.).

All of the authorities of traditional medicine in Iran emphasize the necessities of the application of evidence-based medicine in Iran traditional medicine and also traditional medicine faculties.

Nowadays universities, as the pivotal centers of engendering and disseminating of knowledge due to their functional nature, can gain the maximum advantage of knowledge management. For this purpose, for effective implementation of the knowledge management, rudimentary investigation of its implementation is of huge importance. Therefore, the present study was done aiming at assessing the status of “organizational culture”, “organizational structure” and “information technology infrastructure” in line with the implementation of the knowledge management. This descriptive survey research was conducted on the 559 faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad branch in 2011 to 2012 and 75 people were selected to be included in the study using stratified random sampling. For data collection, a two-section questionnaire including demographic questions and 50 items in three subsections were used. Descriptive statistics method, single-sample T-test, analysis of variance and Freidman tests have been applied to analyze data using SPSS 17 software. The readiness of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad to implement the knowledge management at all aspects was at average level. There was no significant difference between the faculty members’ point of view considering the scientific position and teaching different groups and in the subsections of “organizational culture”, “organizational structure” and “information technology infrastructure”. The most influential and important index was “organizational culture” with 2.21 grade and the least important index was “information technology infrastructure” with 1.80 grade. In faculty members’ point of view, the readiness for implementation of knowledge management system in Islamic Azad University of Mashhad is at an average level.

Student learning is one of the most important elements of the evaluation of the helpfulness of the education methods. On the one hand, it is said that the students satisfaction, as well, affects the educational outcome and effectiveness the academic centers. Considering the above issues, the aim of this study was to determine the students’ satisfaction and learning level of basic lessons taught in two teaching methods including group discussion and lecture. This controlled random trial with experimental design was conducted from February 2008 to September 2010 on third-semester students studying physiotherapy (29 students) and speech therapy (15 students) in Rehabilitation Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Samples were collected by simple sampling method. Students of each group were randomly divided into two control and treatment group. To collect data, knowledge assessment questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 and descriptive analysis and Mann-Whitney test. In both groups, the students overall satisfaction and level of satisfaction in the areas of participation sense in learning and being interested in studying had a significant increase in small groups compared with lecture group; however, the students satisfaction of both groups in the area of observing the teaching principles between two teaching methods did not have any statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The difference of level of learning in students was not significant between two groups (p>0.05). Teaching using group discussion can increase the student's level of satisfaction of basic lessons teaching.

Studying the medical students’ attitudes to their academic major is significant in the improvement of the national planning and evaluation of the curriculum. This study was an attempt to investigate the students’ attitudes toward the traditional and integrated basic sciences curriculum.

This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted in 2010 in all of Tehran and Shahid-Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences and 200 internship medical students were selected using simple random sampling. The students selected from Tehran University of Medical Sciences were assigned to the traditional curriculum and students of Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were assigned to the integrated curriculum. Data collection tool was standardized self-administered questionnaire to examine the medical students’ attitude. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS 17 software as well as independent T-test to compare the 9 items of the questionnaire in two mentioned universities.

For both of Tehran and Shahid-Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences, no significant difference was observed between the students’ attitude regarding the items 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 (p>0.05). However, concerning items 2, 6 and 8, there was a significant difference. Moreover, for items 6 and 8, between the boy students and for item 1, between the girl students of two universities significant difference was observed.

In spite of the lack of positive attitude toward the real importance of the basic sciences, medical students are more interested in the integrated teaching of basic sciences.

The higher education system of each country plays the major role in economic, social and the cultural development. The purpose of the present study was to determine the performance self-assessment score of Islamic Azad University at Qom Branch based on EFQM Excellence model. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 207 staffs of managers, experts and faculty members of Islamic Azad University at Qom Branch were selected using stratified random sampling method in 2011. The modified version of EFQM questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 software and stusent T test. The University’s performance self-assessment mean score in the area of enablers was 229 and in results area was 233. The highest score obtained in enablers’ area was associated with leadership criterion (4.80 ± 2.22) and the lowest score was related to strategy and policy (4.41 ± 2.18). Population results criteria obtained the highest (5.08 ± 2.28) and the staff’s results obtained the lowest (4.10 ± 2.18) scores of the results area. In view of managers, experts and faculty members, Islamic Azad University at Qom Branch obtains 462 out of 1000 possible sores of EFQM Excellence Model. Moreover, it is at an average but desirable status.

One of the main challenges which should be attended by Medical Universities is establishing a coherent system in order to give desirable services and using strategic methods to enhance service quality. The present study was conducted aiming at evaluating and determining the gap of the quality of educational service provided for nursing students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences using SERVQUAL scale. This descriptive and survey was undertaken on 328 nursing students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences and 73 students were selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected through standard SERVQUAL questionnaire including five dimensions of physical, guarantee, responsibility, reliability and empathy. Data analysis was done by SPSS 16 using descriptive statistics, single-variable T Test and correlated Paired two-sample T-test. In students’ viewpoint, the mean of the general educational services quality was 2.68 ± 0.75 and the scores of each of five dimensions including physical, reliability, responsibility, guarantee, and empathy were 2.79 ±0.83, 2.75±0.85, 2.52±0.89, 2.75±0.90 and 2.59±0.97, respectively and each was significant in terms of within-group factor. Considering the available and desirable scores of each dimension, the general educational services quality and five dimensions were far from the favorable condition (p=0.001). Students are not satisfied with the quality of the educational services provided by Urmia University of Medical Sciences and the gap between the existing situation and desirable one are deep in all five dimensions.

Pre- hospital cares (PHC) of trauma emergency patients have special characteristics and diagnostic and therapeutical measures carried out before the patients’ arrival to hospital play a considerable role in reducing the mortality and improving their outcomes. The present study was an attempt to evaluate the accuracy of pre- hospital EMS technician performance in Tehran dealing with trauma patients.

In a cross sectional study, from September 2010 to September 2011, on the traumatic patients transferred by Pre- hospital emergency medical services (EMS), 500 patients were selected using simple achievable sampling method. The study was conducted by checking the mission form, interviewing the pre- hospital technicians and examining the patient to determine the necessary measures done before the arrival to emergency department using checklist. Data was analyzed using paired T-test and Chi-square test in SPSS 18 software.

The mean time interval of contact with Pre- hospital EMS up to the arrival of them to the place of incidence was 9.48 ± 7.71 min (minimum 1 and maximum 100) and the mean time interval of patient’s transfer from the incident scene to the hospital was 35.99 ±18.53 min (minimum 5 and maximum 137). Technician’s adverse course of actions regarding the cervical spine immobilization (10.3%), spinal cord immobilization (16.6%), organ fracture immobilization (14%), IV (9.9%) and bleeding control (33.6%) were observed.

Pre- hospital technicians have a desirable diagnosis and performance in establishing IV line, cervical spine immobilization, spinal cord immobilization, organ fracture immobilization and bleeding control. Moreover, they are weak regarding the diagnosis and support of oxygenation and removal of foreign body.