فصلنامه سیاست علم و فناوری
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، بهار 1392)

based companies (KBC) are believed to be the main engine of such growth rate of these economies. Facing many problems in their initial years, however, many of these companies fail to sustain themselves and fall into bankruptcy with a very high rate under the normal conditions. Obviously, the rate of failure is higher during the exceptional conditions like economic sanctions. Drawing on the Delphi Survey techniques with two cycles, this paper constructs a conceptual model by which it purports to explain how the economic sanctions impact the Iranian KBC performances.

Given the role of innovation as a major contributing factor to economic performance of regions and countries, many scholars have long been looking for proper indicators to identify and monitor innovative activities and their geographical distribution. Patents, as an indicator of innovative output, and analysis based on disclosed patent information have increasingly been used in national and regional policy-makings. In this research, for the first time, a databank of bibliographic information of patents registered in Iran in the period between 2008 and 2010 is built. The same dataset is used to address three research questions: (1) how innovative activities are geographically distributed among the Iranian provinces, (2) how the geographical distance from the capital affects the province's innovative performance, and (3) how the average household income of each province affects its innovative performance. Our research results indicate that innovative activities of Iran are highly concentrated in Tehran and few other provinces. In addition, the number of patents registered in each province is significantly and negatively correlated with its distance from the capital. The results also show that there is no meaningful relation between the average household income of each province and its patent counts.

One of the important factors for economic development in Iran is Patent Rights. In kind which planing and making a process enables considribly our legal system to reach a deep support in this area, and also helps the economic, industrial, and social developments. For this reasons, different Legal Systems have provided various resolutions for favourite of industrial property. In this regard the popue of our current Criminal law to is that to support fully from Patent Rights. It also admonish to violator and public that observe Patent Rights, through count practices that lead to violate against Patent Rights as crime. Hence, the capacity of our criminal law must be analyzed in regard to Patent Rights, to reach, on one hand, what elements are in favoure of Patent Rights, and on the other hand, at present, does domestic law meet requirments of criminal support of Patent Rights? And what are the advantages and disadvantages of our law? This paper seeks to dealth with these issues. One of the most important factors for economic development is protection of intellectual property rights. For this reasons, different legal systems have adopted various laws to support intellectual property rights. In this regard the purpose of Iran’s current criminal laws is the full support of the property rights by passage of the patent laws. The relevant Iranian laws also define those practices that lead to violation of patent rights and consider them as criminal conducts. Hence, the capacity of our criminal laws must be analyzed in regard to enumeration of the rights granted under the patent laws, and examination of whether the domestic laws meet requirments of criminal support of patent pights? Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of our law must be examined. This paper seeks to deal with all of these issues.

Given the significance of employment in the economy, considering the impact of Inofrmation and Communication Technology upon this variable is of utmost importance. The importance of the information and communication technology emerges from its ability to change the system of employment in a society. This article focuses on measuring the ICT impact upon employment using the constant elasticity of substitution CES production function and cross-section data in the year 2009. The results reveal the negative impact of information and communication technology on employment, meaning that the increased use of information and communication technology in the provinces will reduce employment levels. The other results of this study can also highlight the negative impact of the capital stock per capita and the positive of GDP on employment.

The main purpose of this research was to predict student academic performance based on faculty members’ teaching methods. A survey research method was used. The statistical population (N=5601) comprised all faculty members and students of Bu Ali Sina university. Using random ratio stratified sampling method about 343 subjects were selected as the sample for the study. A survey questionnaire was developed by the researchers, and its validity was reported to be acceptable by the experts. Using alpha Cronbach coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaire was computed to be equal to. 0.85. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, frequency and Pearson correlation, as well as by ANOVA and multi variate regression analysis. Findings show that the importance and weight of teachers’ type in impacting students’ learning was different so that in some colleges the dominant type was course centered whereas in some other colleges was behavior centered.

Although investment in research and development (R&D) is a promising tool for technology centered organizations through achieving their objectives, resource constraints make organizations select between their pool of R&D projects. Evaluating and selecting research projects are decision maker's continual challenge referring to the importance of research projects alignment with organization strategic objectives. Although financial return is a common criterion applied in many cases of project evaluation, technologic and strategic alignment and project’s probability of success are critical criteria. Project portfolio management is a tool to identify and select projects and to determine to what extent they should be invested and which projects should be stopped in a certain period of time. In this study, the authors developed ae Data Envelopment Analysis-Balanced Scoreboard (DEA-BSC) model to support the R&D project portfolio evaluation and selection. The study describes the application of the developedproject portfolio selection method to research and development (R&D) projects of the National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC). The R&D project portfolio selection results were evaluated and validate by an expert panel of gas industry.