فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی
پیاپی 24 (زمستان 1391)

According to the importance of stressful and impellent factors in severity of craving and after that treating successes، this study had done with purpose of examining the relationship between these factors with craving experience in addicted men in six groups (smoking of opium، inhalation of Heroin، smoking of Heroin، injection of Heroin، smoking of methamphetamine، smoking of crack). In this descriptive-sectional study، 195 addicted men had referred to cold turkey centers in Rasht، during 10 months of 1389-1390 selected by available sampling method in six groups. Stress evaluation questionnaire of Markham and the questionnaire of instant craving drug of Franken and also profited by imaginary indexes of computer tests for severity of craving administered among selected samples. The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the stress and cue induction craving، and the stress and instant craving. Also، it proved that there is a significant difference between different users in degree of stress، and inductive craving، and instant craving. The average of stress scores، cue induction craving and instant craving in testing groups of methamphetamine users were more than other groups. According to findings of this survey، stress can be an important predicting factor for craving degree in addicted men; so، attention of these aspects resulted in selecting an appropriate treatment of psychology for controlling of craving which is the most important factor leading to relapse in substance abuse.

Today، third wave therapies in psychotherapy shift their attention from challenging cognitions to awareness and acceptance of feelings، emotions، cognitions and behaviors. Therefore، this research aimed to compare of efficacy of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy، with mindfulness on craving and cognitive emotion regulation in methamphetamine addicts. Research method was semi experimental research design with pre-post test and follow up. The population of research was included all of methamphetamine addicts in baharestan، Isfahan. Drug abusers was 34 participants that refered to addiction rehabilitation centers and selected by snowball sampling and finaly divided to 2groups by radomization (acceptance and commitment therapy group and mindfulness groups). Each groups recieved treatment in 12 sessions (At First 2 sessions per week and at last 1 session per week). Two groups assessed by craving test (Ekhtiary، 1387) and cognitive emotion regulation (garnefski et al، 2002)، in pretest، post test and follow up. The results showed that two treatment groups had significant effect on craving intensity in post test and follow up. In addition، there was no significant difference in comparing of the efficacy of these two treatments on cognitive emotion regulation and it means that both two traetments had same effect on cognitive emotion regulatin. we can say that acceptance and commitmet therapy and mindfulnesshave effect on reduction psychopathology from using amphetamines due to same theraputic factors.

The study was aimed to determine the validity and reliability of opium attitudes questionnaire. 6108 of guidance school (3th grades) and high school students filled the opium attitude questionnaire in all of the country. The validity of questionnaire assessed by group discrimination and confirmatory factor analysis method. the results of group discrimination showed that the questions can be discriminated of past and current opium addicts and normal groups. On the basis of factor analysis results 5 factors extracted. These factors with consideration of literature review and loaded items content named: interest to consume، attitude to dangers، attitude to physiological effects، attitude to psychic effects، attitude to social effects to opium. Reliability of subscales examined by Cronbakh’s alpha. The minimum measure of reliability was 0. 77 and maximum was 0. 86. Altogether، the validity and reliability of questionnaire were satisfied. On the basis of present research results، opium attitude questionnaire is appropriate for assessing of students’ attitude to opium among guidance and high school students.

The aim of present research was to compare of conflict solving and quality of life of opium and stimulant addicts. For this purpose، 74 opium addicts and 74 stimulant addicts selected of 3 clinics in 6 and 11 regions by clustering random sampling. Conflict solving questionnaire and quality of life administered among selected samples. The results showed that there was significant difference between the mean scores of opium and stimulant addicts on conflict solving and quality of life. That is except of positivism on all subscales of conflict solving (namely: space and position، understanding clearness، attention to needs versus desires، mutually power distribution، primary focus to future، and focus on learning of past، completion of practical steps، cautious consideration) there were significant differences between two groups. Also، on all subscales of quality of life (namely: physical functioning، physical limitation، affective limitation، energy and frisk، affective health، social performance، and general health) except of pain there were significant differences between two studied groups. It seemed that people who were addicted to opium used more appropriate methods on conflict solving in comparison to stimulants addicts; also، they have better quality of life.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral stress management on reduction of anxiety among addicts with GAD.

The design of the study is experimental with pretest -posttest and control group. The population of the study was all addicts with GAD in Tehran self-referred centers that scored the most points in GAD-7 test. 24 addicts were allocated into experimental group (N=12) and control group (N=12). The cognitive-behavioral stress management was demonstrated in 10 weekly sessions on the experimental group while there was no psychological treatment for the control group. DASS-21 questionnaire and GAD-7 questionnaire were completed by both groups before and after program. The data was analyzed using covariance.

There were no significant differences in anxiety between two groups before intervention. Results of this study demonstrated that cognitive –behavioral stress management led to significant decrease in anxiety in experimental group.

Regarding to effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management on anxiety، it may also be used as a supplement method decreasing generalized anxiety disorder among addicts.

The present study aimed to compare the rate of social capital among addicted and non-addicted youth in Mashhad. The samples included of 160 addicted and 160 non-addicted men selected by cluster random sampling. Both groups matched on age، and marital status. The social capital questionnaire designed by researcher administered among selected samples. The results showed that social capital of young addicts was significantly lower than their counterparts. Also، results showed that the indicators of social capital، the idea of social participation، social trust، and social networks were significantly lower than their counterparts. With consideration of positive effects of social participation، social trust، social connection networks in addicted people، they should have appropriate conditions and headstock for tendency to involve to social events like developing of organizations، and voluntaries’ and non government societies should be more attended. Keywords: Social Capital، Trust، Participation، Social Connections، Addicted Youth، non-Addicted Youth