نشریه زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 225 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

Two humorous newspapers Sur-e Esrafil & Molla Nasraddin are considered as influential ones in the Constitutional era of Iran which due to their unique features had significant effect on the evolution of journalism and comedy in Iran. Simultaneous publication of these papers during their presence in the press in addition to their historical role in awakening the minds and changing the journalism's way was also effective in each other which help to improve the quality of their content. These two newspapers which first was published by Jalil Mohammad Qolizadeh editorial in Caucasus and second by Ali Akbar Dehkhoda editorial in Tehran and latter in Europe had considerable similarities in terms of journalism style, using the satire and cartoon in addition to culture, language and folklore together. In this paper comparison of the structure and format of these newspapers especially Jalil Mohammad Qolizadeh and Ali Akbar Dehkhoda's articles similarities and distinctions reviewed and the causes and influences has been explained.

This study tried to investigate poetic reflection of spirit in contemporary traditionalist poetry relying on poetriest of Allama Hasan zadeh Amoli, Hakim Hadajl and Shahriar that each of them is representative of poets with different approaches and point of views after sufficient introduction about spirit and quality of it from philosophers, mystics point of view and also after the introduction of spirit from Korans point of view. This study found that above poets relying on teachings and doctrines of Koran and mystic, philosophic and religious points pf view believe that human being is composed of body and soul. His body has perishable nature and his soul has eternal nature. They believe that body and soul effect on each other and soul has divine element and it will return to its origin. They believe that the dignity of human being depends on soul and his perfection and his peromotion relys on this dimension. They believe that body of human being lacks dignity and virtue and soul is upon the natute and will remain even after disjoint of bod.

The Story of fly is one of the most important Subject in philosophy &theosophy. This point in Parminidous and Polato's results Shown by parable in ancient Greece &itreflect by the exact ode & Ebne Sina's Resalatottair in ancient literature. The Simile of reality to bird & Convict of it in prison of reality & try to ascension of spirit are common Subject of Resalatottair purporst.Mowlana's Spirit parrot by getting effect from Resalatottair want's to express the common feature's of Spirit from being divine up to allendance of it in height too.This essay consider Common faces of Spirit during parable of Polato's & Mowlana's Masnavi.

Approach to theory Prop and Todorov votes for spiritual itinerary Persian literature can be fixed by granting transformation; This means that this works in its macro plot with common elements squeezed in fixed transformation elements such as the present adverse condition, the knowledge and insight by the status quo, tired of the situation and the demand superior, appearance of Pir, moving, and steps and destination (the reflex ending) are discussed.we achieve to this results with Eight works: Resalat o Teyr, Seyrol Ebad, Mesbahol Arvah, Aqle Sorkh, manteqo Teyr, Mosibat Nameh.

Khayyam is one of those characters whose recognition based on historical resources, has made many ambiguities for researchers by Fitzgerald translation of Rubaiyat of Khayyam in 19th century and the increasing reputation of his quatrains, many researches in Iran and in many other countries, directed their interests to this character and the process of khayyamology took other different aspects. lack of coherence and methodology of studies and in some of them, standing in the opposite in one hand, and inconsistency in Rubaiyat and other Khayyam’s works on the other hand, have been resulted in a kind of content rupture and mixed methods to the extent that the lack of clear purpose and plan in studies made the range of researches repetitive in many cases The aim of this study is to proceed methodology and survey of every studies about Khayyamology by putting different methods together and looking at different and similar views of approaches. This study also tries to discuss about shortcomings and to give some suggestions for improving methodologies and in some cases according to necessities of study, to make new methodology about khayyamology.

The Supernatural Act " is one of the certain results o f Endeavour and Gnostic mortification and concerning to and focusing on Surrealistic unconscious mind; that certainly one can search its literature in lost parts of human history (Myths). The effectiveness on Surrealism – in theory and practice – with a viewpoint of Gnosticism, leads to appear some similarities and partnerships between these two schools (regarding basic oppositeness's and distinctness's within Gnostic and Surrealistic Literature), that " The Supernatural Act " is objective and interesting product of their relatively common programs. Although diversity in Supernatural results including Generosities, Discovery and Intuition, Objective Events, Witchcraft and Sorcery, Prediction and Divination in samples of Gnosticism and Surrealism is suitable background for pretention and raving; in the other hand can lead to the Gnosticism's philosophy of being sequester which its roots are in the social incidents and individual reaction of Gnostic literary man; and in second place in Surrealist artist. It's necessary to note that " the Supernatural Act " - the signification common point in practical results of the Gnosticism and Surrealism – appears quietly different resources, programs and missions between two schools; thus comparative study of " The Supernatural Act " between Gnosticism and Surrealism cant decrease the importance and independence of these great mental schools in the global literature; or it cant claim identity, similarity and genetic relation between Gnosticism and Surrealism.

Disturbeb political conditions of sixth century(A.H) caused many complaints to be produced in poetry. Among these,the political complaints are very important because of the governmentssensitivities to them.Many poets like Anvari,Khaghani,Nizami,Sanayi,Attar,etc lived in that period.Some of them didnt endure the governmentsdeeds and complained of them.They beside sighing for the splendid periods of the just rulers in the past,have compared them with the unjust and unworthy rulers of the period in question and complained of their cruelty to people,their heedlessness to poets and ignorance of the governmentsagents and their ill-treatments to the weak and the offensivescalamities.Moreover in that period a few poets have complained of prison that the enviousslanders,anger and selfishness of the rulers were the main cause of that.In this essay the political complaints of six century(A.H) with whole elements of them have been studied.