فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال هفتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1389)

This study evaluated the effects of Echinacea purpurea and levels of humorral immunity in the broiler chicken. This evaluation was conducted on 320 chickens which were randomly put into 4 groups of 4 groups, 3 replicates with 20 bird in cages kept for a period of 42 days. First group was considered as control group with no Echinacea purpurea in the water and just they had the regular diet. The second, third and fourth group were successively fed with the 0.05%, 0.1%,and 0.2% of Echinacea purpurea in the water.In this research the titer of humeral immunity were evaluated by two methods for Micro hem agglutination sheep disease of red blood cell (SRBC) and HI method Newcastle In addition to the serum titer, feed consumption, gain and feed conversion rate (FCR) were evaluated too. The result showed that the Echinacea purpurea didnt have any significant effect on the level of Hemmoral Immunity neither in HI in the 11th day nor SRBC method.On the other hand, the Echinacea purpurea showed significant effects on the rate of growth and FCR (P<0.05) especially in group 3 by using 0.1% concentration. The consumption of 0.1% extract of Echinacea purpurea in drinking water of Broiler chicken produced the best results in increasing the rate of growth.

Chemical composition, gas production, kinetic fermentation and in vitro digestibility of two Iranian barley varieties (hulled and hull-less) and also the effect of 3 and 4.5% formaldehyde concentrations on fermentation kinetics and in vitro digestibility of these varieties was investigated. Produced gas was recorded at different incubation times and fermentation parameters, potential gas production fraction (b), rate of fermentation (c) and delay phase (lag) were determined from cumulative gas production. There were significant differences in terms of chemical composition, kinetic parameters of fermentation and Dry matter and Organic matter digestibility of two varieties (P<0.05 (. Hull-less barley with lower ADF and NDF and higher CP had greater gas production and hulled variety with higher cell wall content lower CP had lower gas production. Kinetic and in vitro digestibility of both varieties were treated by formaldehyde had significant differences in compare with controls (P<0.05(. Both levels of formaldehyde treatments reduced gas production and fermentation rate of the both cultivars, the 4.5% level of formaldehyde had significant differences with 3% level of formaldehyde and control(P<0.05(.

The experiment were conducted to determine the appropriate ratio of digestible Val: Lys among the various recommendations. Therefore various ratios of digestible Val: Lys (SID) was examined on performance of broilers. A total 500 Ross male broiler were allocated to 5 treatments with 4 replicate and 25 birds per replicate. Treatments according to the ratio of Val: Lys including 0.74, 0.77, 0.80, 0.83 and 0.86 are included, respectively. L- valine was used only in the starter period. Corn – and soybean meal – based diets was used for grower and finisher phase. At the end of starter phase 3 birds per replicate were slaughtered to evaluate Ash, calcium and bone phosphorus. At 15 and 28 days of age, 2 birds per replicate were blood sampling for antibody titer against Newcastle disease. Regression analysis was used to appropriate ratio Val: Lys. At the end of the experiment 2 birds per replicate were slaughtered to evaluate carcass traits. There were no significant difference between treatments for traits of weight gain, feed intake, in the end of starter phase and weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, dressing percent, breast, thighs, abdominal fat, liver and ash, phosphorus and bone calcium in the end of experiment The only significant trait was antibody on 15 day of age which showed that Val: Lys = 0.86 has highest response to antibody, therefore was significant difference with other treatments(p<0.05). As well as was determined regression response of antibody 15 day of age from quadratic response.

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical changes, digestibility (In Vitro) and ensiling of eggplant. Eggplant plants were chopped to 4-3 cm and then ensiled in plastic buckets. experiment were performed as a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates as follows: (1) control (2) ensiling of eggplant with 2% urea (3) ensiling of eggplant with 2% sodium hydroxide (4) ensiling of eggplant with 2% lime (5) ensiling of eggplant with 2% molasses - dry weight basis (6) ensiling of eggplant with 4% molasses – fresh weight basis. All treatments in terms of color, smell, texture and appearance were evaluated. Results shown that adding 4% molasses decreased pH from 4.99 to 3.28 (p<0.05). Silage chemical analysis showed that the highest amount of crude protein (20.99%) were related to the urea treatment (p<0.05) and dry matter digestibility was higher in the treatment of molasses, 4% (60.30%) (p<0.05), although this number is associated with the urea treatment was not significantly different. The results showed that treatment of eggplant with 4% molasses in the best silage between treatments.

In this research, four types of fecal have been collected and their DNAs were extracted in order to study the phylogenetic relation and genetic diversity within and among the gazelle populations of mond in Bushehr and Daime in Ramhormoz. Five microsatellite markers including: 33HDZ692, 33HDZ290, 33HDZ974, 33HDZ749 and 33HDZ593 were selected; and Then the PCR reaction, they were amplificated. After amplification, the PCR production were electrophoresed with %8 polyacrylamide gel and after being stained with Silver Nitrate, their genotypes were specified.In this study, all of the five markers were propagated and totally in these two populations, 11 allels were observed for the five markers. In order to study the Hardy– Winberg equilibrium in each markers of each population, the chi– square test was carried out(P< 0.05). The other estimation of population parameters (Na, Ne,Ho,He, I) was done via the POPGENE software version 1.31. The genetic distance between the two populations was calculated through the standard and unbiased Nei genetic distance method(0.36, 0.3080), and the phylogenetic tree was drawn through UPGMA method. Also, the calculation of genetic diversity within and among the population via molecular analysis of variance showed a little genetic diversity among the population (%29).

In this study, complete blood samples of 125 Ghashghaei Lak Sheep of their disperse areas have been prepared.This study has been performed in Kohgiluieh and boirahmad province in 2007. After changing and optimizing salt extraction method, the DNA extraction procedure was accomplished. Then, the quality and quantity of extracted DNA were determined and PCR on DNA samples was fulfilled. In this research, the investigated subjects were tested with two tests of Chi-square and Accurate Testing. In none of tests, the deviation from Hardy-Weinberg balance on the probability of P<0.005 has not observed. In this paper, 7 Alleles were observed for LSCV36 locus as well as 6 Alleles with band range of 130-180 bp for the MCM63 locus; moreover, for MCM63 locus, 6 Alleles with the band range of 94-134bp have been observed of which 4 Alleles were new.Here, the Heterozygosis of LSCV36 locus was observed equal to 0.97; however, the Heterozygosis of MCMA10 locus was estimated about 0.81. The Shanon (H) Information Index of OarVH110 was gained the maximum (2.21) and it was minimum (1.47) for the LSCV36 locus. High average of (H) for all the sites indicated the enormous polymorphism applied to the sites and slight distinction of their own polymorphism which were in balance with the number of Alleles in sites.

At the first, chemical composition of testing samples were detected by approximate analysis and 3 Kordi steers were fistulated for degradability experiment. Dry matter and protein degradability of samples were determined with nylon bag technique for 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after rumen incubation. Gas volume (ml / 200 mg DM) were measured after 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. Digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD) and drymatter in organic matter (DOMD) were measured with tilly and tery (1963) technique. Soluble sugares of samples were measured too. Results of approximate analysis were showed that amount of crude protein, NDF, ADF and soluble sugares of sample were 12.6, 57.6, 47 and 3.16 percentage respectively. Dry matter and protein degradability of auberjine were 62.80 and 91.50 percentage respectively. volume of gas production after 24 hours incubation was 32.1 (ml / 200 mg DM). results of this research were showed that orskov and McDonald equation for expression of degradability of feeds in nylon bags technique have a good correlation with gas volume production in feed evaluation.

In this study effect of four levels of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) including 0, 33, 66 and 100 percent instead of forage part of diet on fattening performance of male lambs was investigated. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were prepared as total mixed ration in pelleted form. The diets were fed to 48 lambs (4 treatments, 4 replications with three observations) for 82 days. Animals were fed twice a day and feed refusals were collected and weighed daily. Animals were weighed every 14 days after 14 hours feed and water deprivation. At the end of fattening period, 4 animals from each treatment were slaughtered for carcass fractionation. The collected date including feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits and feed costs and were analyzed using SAS and the means were tested using Duncan test. Results showed that the highest (312g) and the lowest (153g) average daily gain were from the levels of 33 and 100 percent FVW respectively (p<0.05). The highest (2150g) and the lowest (1860g) daily feed intake were from the levels of 66 and 100 percent FVW respectively. The results also showed that the highest feed conversion ratio (12.41) was from the level of 100 percent FVW and the lowest (6.71) from the level of 33 percent FVW (p<0.05). The highest and the lowest feed cost were from the levels of 100 and 66 percent FVW respectively (p<0.05). The highest feed cost for each Kg of carcass were from the levels of 100 and 33 percent FVW respectively (p<0.05). Since the levels of 66 percent FVW caused the lowest feed cost for fattening of lambs it is recommended to use this level of FVW for fattening of lambs.