مجله فرآیند نو
پیاپی 37 (بهار 1391)

In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis has been used for predicting Nusselt number, friction factor, and the overall enhancement efficiency in a double pipe heat exchanger under different Reynolds numbers and several of coiled wires geometries. A three-dimensional model has been used for investigation of the parameters in a simple tube and coiled wire inserted tubes. The results show that in the heat exchangers with coiled wires, the Nusselt number, and friction coefficient increases up to 2.2-3 times and 1.1-1.35 times respectively. By increasing the Reynolds number, the Nusselt number and the overall enhancement efficiency increase and the friction factor reduces. In addition, it was observed that by decreasing the wires curvature length, the friction coefficient and the Nusselt number increase. The average relative error between the CFD predictions and experimental data for simple tube is about 8% and for coiled wire geometry is about 8 to 18%. The CFD predictions have been compared to the experimental data and showed pretty good agreement, so the model presented in this study is suitable for predicting the Nusselt numbers and friction factor in the heat exchangers equipped with coiled wires.

In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis has been used for predicting Nusselt number, friction factor, and the overall enhancement efficiency in a double pipe heat exchanger under different Reynolds numbers and several of coiled wires geometries. A three-dimensional model has been used for investigation of the parameters in a simple tube and coiled wire inserted tubes. The results show that in the heat exchangers with coiled wires, the Nusselt number, and friction coefficient increases up to 2.2-3 times and 1.1-1.35 times respectively. By increasing the Reynolds number, the Nusselt number and the overall enhancement efficiency increase and the friction factor reduces. In addition, it was observed that by decreasing the wires curvature length, the friction coefficient and the Nusselt number increase. The average relative error between the CFD predictions and experimental data for simple tube is about 8% and for coiled wire geometry is about 8 to 18%. The CFD predictions have been compared to the experimental data and showed pretty good agreement, so the model presented in this study is suitable for predicting the Nusselt numbers and friction factor in the heat exchangers equipped with coiled wires.

In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis has been used for predicting Nusselt number, friction factor, and the overall enhancement efficiency in a double pipe heat exchanger under different Reynolds numbers and several of coiled wires geometries. A three-dimensional model has been used for investigation of the parameters in a simple tube and coiled wire inserted tubes. The results show that in the heat exchangers with coiled wires, the Nusselt number, and friction coefficient increases up to 2.2-3 times and 1.1-1.35 times respectively. By increasing the Reynolds number, the Nusselt number and the overall enhancement efficiency increase and the friction factor reduces. In addition, it was observed that by decreasing the wires curvature length, the friction coefficient and the Nusselt number increase. The average relative error between the CFD predictions and experimental data for simple tube is about 8% and for coiled wire geometry is about 8 to 18%. The CFD predictions have been compared to the experimental data and showed pretty good agreement, so the model presented in this study is suitable for predicting the Nusselt numbers and friction factor in the heat exchangers equipped with coiled wires.

In this study, catalytic reforming unit of Esfahan oil refinery has been simulated by Petro-SIM software and the effects of feed composition and reactors temperature on important characteristics of products are investigated. Furthermore, the unit has been simulated on the basis of Smith kinetic model and accuracy of the results has been evaluated in comparison to the actual data. The results showed that should all of the Heavy Isomax Naphtha, as one of the feed streams of catalytic reforming unit could be added to the unit’s feed, the flow rate and octane number of the final product will be increased. Also, the results show that although increasing H2/HC ratio and temperature would cause the increase of the product’s octane number, the unit’s yield would be decreased. Generally, temperature increase would increase Aromatics yield and octane number of product respectively.

In this paper, a thermodynamic model based on solid solution model is developed to predict the solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) of certain binary and multi component mixtures (paraffinic) in atmospheric pressure to very high pressure. In this approach, the solid phase activity coefficient is calculated by Wilson activity coefficient model. The fugacity coefficient in liquid phase is calculated by the NB and PR equations of state using van der Waals mixing rules. Appropriate binary interaction parameters from Jaubert et al. are used with the van der Waals mixing rules to characterize the liquid phase more accurately. The developed model describes the SLE of hydrocarbon systems quite well from low to high pressures. This model is capable of predicting wax formation temperature for a vast range of pressures. The predictions of the developed model are favorably compared to the experimental data.

This study deals with modelling of aerating - permeation process for removal of VOCs from wastewater. The hybrid process allows desorbed VOCs from aerating process to be subsequently recovered using a membrane based vapour permeation process. A mathematical model has been developed to describe the mass transfer in both processes based on the resistance in series model. The separate evaluation of feed phase and membrane phase resistances has been carried out at different feed hydrodynamic conditions in a constant membrane thickness. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out using the developed model to investigate the effects of operational factors such as temperature, pressure, feed concentration, gas and liquid flow rate on separation performance of the process. As typical cases, removal of four VOCs, i.e. 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (TCE), Chloroform and Dichloromethane from water was investigated in a hybrid process consist of a stripping column of 90 cm height and vapour permeation unit employing PDMS membrane with an effective area of 14.7 cm2. The results indicated that while the gas phase resistance was negligible in air stripping process, it played a significant role in vapour permeation process, especially in feed side. The modelling results demonstrated that the air/water ratio has a great impact on the removal efficiency of air stripping process, but it should be limited to prevent flooding. The examination of the hybrid model has shown that the hybrid process has high efficiency for high concentrations, high gas flow rates and optimal temperature.

The duty of sulfur recovery unit (SRU) is converting the acid gas coming from gas sweetening unit to elemental sulfur, to prevent environmental pollutant gases emission. In petroleum refineries, in addition to conventional feed for SRU, i.e. H2S and CO2, the other gases such as NH3, COS, and CS2 are present too. The presence of these gases can lead to some problems such as catalyst poisoning, equipment corrosion and blocking, and sulfur yield decrease. Adjusting a proper operating temperature for reaction furnace and catalytic reactor is considered as one of the most important steps in sulfur recovery units designing. In this paper, these parameters are investigated and adjusted to avoid the mentioned problems.