پژوهشنامه ادبیات تعلیمی
پیاپی 16 (زمستان 1391)

This study tries to answer this question, what place does faith have in wayfarer's position and to what extent this moral virtue has been considered in didactic and mystical texts and mystics doctrines?Although fulfilling the promise is not considered to be the main position, it can be regarded as a subsidiary position and it is the queen of prominent moral and mystical doctrine. In educational books of mystics, there are issues about the fulfilling the promise of God, fulfilling the promise people and fulfilling the promise of oneself. Fulfilling the promises is the principle and conditions of Sheikh (leader) and Morid (disciple) Hajj customs, Sama customs, sign of friendship and sign of mystics and Sufis manliness. Furthermore, most mystics have recognized sincerity as the fulfilling the promises

Education is one of the basic categories in human elevation, the development and progress of the societies, and the achievement of human ideals. In this field, Philosophers and scientists have attempted to spread bright spiritual ideas. Rashid Yasami is one of the distinguished and noble figures of Iran's literature and art in the first half of the current century. He was among the first poets and writers that the social and mental evolutions in recent century have led him some advantageous results in his works. Concerning the importance of education in human elevation and weaknesses and shortcomings that had come into existence in our society and culture during the outset of the current century, Rashid Yasami began an indirect constant endeavor towards educating people. Rashid's speech regarding the meaning and theme is instruction of morality and virtue. His language in accordance with his message is the clean and refined language of a teacher of morality. Thus, advice on instructions such as love of family, respect for women, good-nature, labor and endeavor, avoiding laziness and idleness, faith in human will, wisdom, and taking lessons, and so on are repeatedly observed in his works. These instructions are often expressed indirectly in his poems. In fact, all of his works including compilations, translations, and poetry are brimful of moral and educational instructions. The present research tries to cover Rashid's poetry and thought from this perspective. The Analysis-Description Method has been used for the research which was performed through investigation of his works.

Khaje Nasiroddin Toosi in addressing to the philosophy and the natural sciences in Akhlaghe Naseri, had a particular interest to politics and economics and during his speeches he paid to the dominant value system on the process of human education. On the one hand, the value system in his opinion is based on indigenous issues and human nature and on the other hand, he knows the community and its education are effective in giving direction to that system. Therefore, Khaje Nasir considers being important and influential, and occulting influences the teachings of spiritual and divine attention in fixing the value system and conducting human on the path of values. He believes that human beings from early childhood are ready for acceptance of the value system and even though they are not guided good, counter values can be emphatic in their nature. Furthermore, society and family has a vital role in protecting him from falling into the trap of anti-values. In this article we will discuss the various aspects of Nasir's comments and opinions about the dominated value system on the process of education.

Andarz Nameh is a general title for books, and treatises which pay to the wisdom, moral instructions, educational and religious advices that constitutes a large part of didactic literature. The basis of these works is on ethics and their subjects are moral style of living, and ways of dealing with people. The structure of Andarz Nameh is also various and composed of three framework of prose, poetry and prose advices. Although many pre-Islamic advices have been recognized, a complete list of this type hasn’t been formulated and there are still many unknown Andarz Nameh. One of these Andarz Nameh is Ali Akbar Navab Shirazi Andarz Nameh, great poet and literary man of 13th century known as Besmel. This literary work is in form of three manuscripts and picture, which is still in the central library of Tehran university and hasn’t edited or published yet. This research paper firstly looks briefly at writing Andarz Nameh in the Persian literature and then introduces the remaining manuscript copy of Ali Akbar Navab Shirazi Andarz Nameh along with a short analysis of it.

Moral qualities have been artistically taught in didactic literature. “Patience” is a typical humane quality and also a great human trait which has been dealt with in Persian poetic and prose literature in excellent forms and deep themes. Being patient to achieve a goal is a type of persistence and waiting for achieving that goal. It is a concept which has been posed in our religious teachings and has been paid attention in three levels: moral, religious and humanity by Persian literary eminent figures such as Ferdosi and Saadi and also philosophically by Khaje Nasireddin Tousi and others. It has also been mirrored in moral and mystical written works of literary figures such as Sanaei, Attar, Molavi, Ezoddin Kashani, Hafez and Jami with very meager differences. Here we aim at dealing with some of typical poetic and prose works which focused on this theme (patience) and clarify the point by studying examples of patience in mystical, didactic literary texts.

"Qaboos Nameh" or "Nasihat Nameh", written by "Onsorolmali key Kavous" in the fifth century A.H. has a special didactic and education position in the field of Ethics and Guidance. The aim and motivation of the author for writing this book was mainly guiding and advising his own son "Gilan Shah," and in the second place benefiting other interested seekers. Qaboos Nameh’s advantages and characteristics are not just due to its educational and advisory content but several different factors have gathered together to aid and deepen the influence of these educational lessons on the addressees. Special characteristics of the author such as intimacy, honesty, purity of speech, humility and liberal mindedness; on the one hand, and his discourse devices such as using common proverbs in Persian and Arabic, interesting parables and stories suitable to text topics, taking advantage of the verses and tradition, including quotations of great people and Persian poetry on the other hand, are among the important factors that strengthen the educational enrichment of this work and consequently make it be eternal and everlasting. In this paper, we will first enumerate the special characteristics of the author which indirectly depicts a model and pattern of moral values, and then we will classify the content subjects of this work and finally the impact of discourse devices employed by the author will be examined.

Saadi’s Boostan and Golestan is a complete course of practical wisdom and full of didactic advices in various fields especially economics. Saadi has numerous comments in the fields of living, working and contentment, and other material and economical issues. The study of theses comments and ideas and using them in the life are the solution for so many economical problems especially correction of consumption pattern. Therefore, this research paper has tried to collect economical advices through library research and extracting verses and anecdotes related to economical issues from Boostan and Golestan. The study of Saadi’s economical advices in Boostan and Golestan make the point clear that Saadi is a moderate poet and very contentment in the life. According to Saadi, many economnoical problems would be solved if rich people distribute part of their money to the poor people so there would be no poverty and social class differences or other economical problems.

An attempt was made to compare some moral and educational themes of Saadi’s Boostan that has been emphasized in his utopia with those moral themes in Nahjolbalaghe of Imam Ali (AS). Boostan is a valuable social Masnavi in which the poet depicted the world in such a way that it should be. The moral themes of human beings that have been suggested in the book bring happiness and prosperity for human and prepare them to live in utopia. Saadi designed his utopia under the influence of Islamic human values, Nahjolbalaghe and Quran that they are the most complete models and patterns. Saadi is one of the poets and authors who have been influenced by Nahjolbalaghe.The amount of this effectiveness for his work has surprised researchers. This study is trying to answer this question. Did Saadi pay attention to religious text in Boostan, particularly Nahjolbalaghe, and how much is the amount of this effectiveness in the area of ethical and moral themes?