نشریه پاسداری فرهنگی انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 5 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

Media warfare is a war in the field of public opinion. It mainly media as a tool. Journalists, reporters, editors and writers in various types of media including printed, audio and video, satellite, international, internet and electronic media play the role of its soldiers. Media warfare has reached a critical and affecting point in the country by widespread useof satellite TV networks. In this situation, despite the law prohibiting the use of satellitequipment, a significant number of the audience, especially in Tehran, are exposed to satellite TV channels. This study is intended to identify and present strategies to confront this gret assault based on the presentcapabilities of the country. Strategies and solutions were evaluated by the experts according to Delphi method. The population of this study included experts in the field of communication technology,sociology and social psychology, as well as media experts and media warfare among whom 30 subjects were selected using purposive sampling. They were interviewed by a semi-structured method. The results indicated that the most important strategies for confronting Western warfare against the Islamic Republic of Iran can be to increase the trust of national media audience through giving a comprehensive response to their needs relating the news and information, political and social events, as well as taking appropriate media policy. Immunization of the addressees against the adverse effects of satellite networks, instead of trying to discard them physically or leave them free completely, can work better. The most important proposed solutions include increasing trust in the addressees towards the national media by providing accurate, genuine and unbiased comprehensive news and information, and responding to the recent needs of the audience to news and information by constantly evaluating the requirements of different social groups and various age levels.

This is a descriptive-survey research with applied purposes. First, the theoretical foundation and main documents relating to the issue were reviewed, and then the conceptual model of the research was designed by identifying 7 components and 22 indicators and determining the relation between them. Research questionnaire, containing 75 questions derived from the indicators, was designed following Likert method. Face validity and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by the experts. The reliability of the tools was confirmed by the data acquired in the introductory study of the research. Cronbach's Alfa Coefficient of the questionnaire turned out to be 0. 976, which confirmed the appropriateness of the tools. Finally, the conceptual model of the research was designed according to the data acquired by reviewing the viewpoints of the experts who declared their views on aspects, components and indicators of the model, as well as the necessity of generalizing main, official and supporting processes of the model. The final result was the ultimate model of Sepah's higher education management model. The ultimate model of this research was designed based on academic and theoretical foundations, as well as cultural considerations, basic desirability, and special traits of Sepah. Due to its adaptability with internal and external environment, as a result of its managerial and strategic nature, this model contains all of required properties of the research design.

Media have always been considered by superpowers as inclusive, powerful, and effective means. These days, due to its wide dominance, as well as its great diversity and coverage, media is employed more as a political and intellectual instrument, instead of a means of representing facts and providing information. In all transactions between the dominant countries and target countries, only the requirements and interest of the dominant countries are always considered. Modern communication systems are arranged in a way that even a small change in information and knowledge may result in advantages for advanced countries. This new type of dominance is, however, somehow different from that of the first era of media. These days, power is concentrated in communication devices in all countries. A few institutions control the whole electronic communication networks. They affect public opinion in the target countries and are practically involved in soft war. This article is an attempt to explain media hegemony and soft war. The main question is this: "How does media hegemony affect target counties, and how does this influence their security and culture?" An instant answer to this question proposes the hypothesis that the great mass of information and media dominance result in cultural hegemony in the target countries. This, in turn, leads to a serious threat against their culture and security by their permutation. Finally, a change in the political system takes place. Superpowers have tried this technique in some target countries. They have been able to overthrow the opposing regimes and achieve their purposes.

This research is intended to identify the current cultural purposes of the West, and the main purposes underlying Western cultural aggression and soft war and its aspects and devices according to the viewpoints of the Supreme Leader. The researchers will try to identify these aspects and provide methods to confront them as the Supreme Leader clarified. Hence due to the importance of soft war, which brings about challenges for some countries by changing the minds of people and then overthrowing the regimes by unarmed operations it seems necessary to identify it and try to find ways for fighting against it. In this piece of research, the writers first define culture and cultural aggression and identify its features to clarify this approach. Then, they try to identify the elements of this aggression, as well as the processes of soft war and the aims that the enemies follow, according to the views of the Supreme Leader. Afterwards, by presenting the main necessities of proper activities in this type of war, ways for confrontation against it and winning the battle will be presented. Ways of confronting soft war, according to the sayings of the Supreme Leader, are: inclusive and accurate knowledge about cultural aggression and soft war, accurate knowledge of the Islamic and national culture, scientific and economic planning, and designing cultural and educational policy. The results indicated that the best way to confront soft war and cultural aggression contain employment of cultural instruments and development of cultural products. However, the best way to fight Western cultural assaults needs to be offensive rather than defensive.

This research is intended to review the relationship between self-alienation and religious attitude with acceptance of Wallayah (love of the prophet and Imams) in students of Tabriz University. Research population included all of bachelor students at Tabriz University. 370 students were selected through Morgan's available sampling (1970). The subjects were exposed to several questionnaires including elfalienation scale, attitude measurement of avoiding religion, as well as a researchermade questionnaire of accepting Walayah. Data analysis was performed by Pierson's correlation coefficient significance and simultaneous multivariate regression tests. Data analysis indicated that acceptance of Walayah and its elements demonstrate a significant negative relation with self-alienation, while having a significant positive relation with religious attitude. Simultaneous regression indicated that psychological variables jointly predict acceptance of Walayah. The results signified that acceptance of Walayah varies according to psychological traits. Students who accept Walayah are committed to Islamic values. They are self-reliant and free from self-alienation.

This research is intended to review the role of media in the daily life of people. Due to the vast coverage of media and communication devices and their inevitable effects on the daily life of people, including their behavior, habits, norms, and so on, it seem necessary to deal with this issue. Considering the opinions of directors and mangers of "The Young Journalist's Agency", as a special institution concerned with the effect of media on fashion and fashionism, the researchers aimed at discussing the issue by interviewing its administrators and directors. Trying to approve the roleof media in spreading fashions and fashionism, it aims at pathological study of the issue to find its advantages and disadvantages. No sampling was performed in this survey research; all of the administrators and directors of the agency were interviewed by a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software was applied to the data leading to the following The variables were classified as independent variables, including "internal media" and external media", and dependent variables, including "intention to fashion and fashionism", and the effect of the intention of "programmers" and "Iranian fashions". The relation between these variables and spreading fashionism in the country was appraised. The results indicated that most of the relations hypothesized in this research were directly significant at mostly moderate and sometimes low levels.