مجله پژوهش های اعتقادی کلامی
پیاپی 7 (پاییز 1391)

Ethics is a firm issue in ones impulsive mind, leading deeds while not requiring thinking and vision. If the issue becomes the source of beautiful deeds is called pleasant deeds and if not it is unpleasant deeds.The most important effort recommended in Islam after having the right belief in unification is ethics.What is to appear in this essay is a glance at cultivation of morals from Islamic philosophers’ point of view in comparison with Quran and it will be pointed out that the books written from Aristotle time up to now have two phases. The first one is about theoretical issues on ethics whose founder is Aristotle, presenting issues based on rational science. The second phase which can be found among Islamic philosophers’ deals with basic theories of philosophers on ethics as well as discussing vices and virtues of ethics based on Qurand and Sunnah.This research which has been done by analytic, descriptive method concludes that most of anthropological subjects of Islamic philosophers are the same as former Greek philosophers’ subject matters that have entered in Islamic literature throught inherited Greek translations but regarding vices and virtues their most important reference has been Quran.

According to the idea of the Trinity, God is a true triple and Father, son and holy spirit each have godhead.Emphasizing the unity of God’s nature, along with the belief to the triple essence of God, made this idea paradoxically and very difficult to accept and understand, and finally, the matter is beyond human understanding.History of Trinity steeps those factors in the emergence, evolution and explanation of the various interpretations that have been implicated.The Holy Quran says that the trinity idea is imported idea and made contradictory monotheistic teachings of Prophet Jesus (PBUH) and believes it considers worthy of divine retribution.Based on the principles and concepts of theology Trinitarian theology and Koran such as a child of God, divinity, and the begotten son of God, Jesus, Allah and the teachings of Jesus and the bases is facing serious challenges.In this paper, a critical attitude of Holy Quran to Trinity Christian with library research using primary sources such as the Koran and the Bible and the Koran records sought recognition of the Christian notion of the Trinity. Explaining the Trinity, its meanings, the reasons of its appearance and its theology on the Bible and the Koran Verses about Trinity form the main matters in this article.

Preserving the environment, its improvement and protection, as well as the care and responsibilities are the issues which are closely related to the various sciences such as jurisprudence, law, philosophy, ethics and economics. Because, according to religious teachings, human life and survival depend on the protection of environment, so respecting the right to live for all environmental elements and creatures should not be considered just in a certain period of time, and human should always be responsible for the past as well as future. It is important to realize that any excess or wastage of the use of resources, and lack of care and attention will have harmful effects on the nature in general. Consequently, preserving the environment is one of the religious responsibilities, and any damage to it should be removed based on rules and principles of religion. In this paper, we will study the religious principles of preserving the environment.

The causality principle is a existential relation between two existences that one of them needs to another.The Islamic philosophers had defined the cause in different form. In the view of peripatetics "cause" is divisible to four parts:Material cause, formal cause, efficient cause and final cause that the well-known philosophers accepted this division.The final cause on the one hand was named "end" and the other hand "final cause". And this word was meaned "effect", "purpose" and "profit". In the view of philosophy it is thing that the act was accomplished for it.But sometimesthe efficient cause is as matter of purpose and some times is as form of efficient. In fact final cause is complementary of efficient cause.So the final cause is according to Quiddity cause of efficient cause and according to existence is effect it. And every act is for purpose and every efficien is for end that the first meaning indicates Gods’ self-love to his substance and the scond is stating love of all created bings to him.

In Holly Koran, human is the best creature and the truth of the man is his immortal soul that emanates from God and returns to Him. In this perspective, human’s identity is “He” and “Towards Him” and his real life is in the Hereafter. Human sciences in this regard have a wide range and include all sciences which deal with human wisdom and spirit, such as: theology, Quran sciences and tradition, history, psychology, sociology, social science, education, ethics, law, political science, literature, and foreign languages. From the religious perspective the major principles of human sciences are: God-centeredness, Hereafter-orientation, justice, humanity, concern for others’ affairs, respect for the rights of women and family, life, property, and dignity of others; avoidance of oppression, sin, and sensuality; homosexuality, and so on. Our method here is field study and library research. As the leader said, the common human sciences are mainly taken from Western thought and it is essential to prepare religious (Islamic) humanities. The present study is an attempt to explain this issue.

The Verse of Purification is one of the most important and leading verses of Holy Koran in which the special status of the Infallible is stated. This paper is an attempt to help its audience determine the evidence for the Household of the Prophet in this verse particularly from the perspective of Sunni scholars. It is conducted through clear Islamic records, without any prejudice, and only through careful consideration of religious sources. In this way, it first describes the lexical and idiomatic meanings of “the Household of the Prophet”. Then, it mentions different interpretations and ideas about this subject in the Verse of Purification. Finally, relying on the evidence in this Holy verse and a large number of traditions from the both sides (Shiite and Sunnite), it concludes this verse is only about five people: Prophet Mohammad, Ali, Fatima, Hassan, and Hossein (peace be upon them) and cannot include the wives of the Prophet because both sects believe that the wives were not sinless and infallible. Meanwhile, the present study is a descriptive-analytical research which is performed through library and field study.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the theory of Imam Mohammad Ghazali and Abu Ali Sina on one of the most ancient theological and philosophical issues in the field of Islamic thought, which is the creation and antiquity of the world, and also explaining how these scholars’ ideas have developed from time creation of the universe to the intrinsic and substantial creation of the natural world. Since Ibn Sina considered natural possibility as the criteria for cause and effect, the creation of the world in his view was intrinsic and did not contradict the antiquity of the universe. He believed the world was not its own cause, and needed a creator; therefore, it would occur, and as it did not have a beginning time, it was old. Contrary to Ghazali who believed there was a certain starting point for the universe and before that moment there had been nothing. He stated time and the universe were limited and it meant there would have been no infinity if we had gone either into the past or forward into the future. In his view God decided to create the world at a definite time and we do not need to ask about it.