نشریه قرآن و علم
پیاپی 11 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

The current article addresses the question whether or not a systematic relation exist between the Quranic teachings and the general rules of international responsibility and individual rights of treaties. The writer is of the view that the systematic approach that has recently appeared in response to the dilemma of disconnectedness, incoherence and diversity of contemporary international law particularly in the autonomous regime of treaties, had already existed in the Quran defining a systematic relation between primary and secondary rules. To protect the warranty of treaties that arise from certain obligations, the heavenly book has also predicted the wise measure that the next commitments should be just and general and include he who violates the treaties. As such, the Holy Quran approves the principle of proportionate compensation of the damages that comes out of violation of treaties. This principle can be traced back to the concept of divine justice. The present paper tries to prove the two important elements of efficiency and justice and implement them on the prevailing approach of international law and a systematic approach on this divine book.

One of the most complicate and controversial debates in the relevant issues of humanities has been the discussion of legislation, its objectives, criterion, origin and conditions of a legislator. The most influential approach on credibility and legitimacy of a law is that the competent authorities having all legislative requirements should have imposed the laws. The conditions a legislator has to meet are as: complete understanding of human, his interest and corruption and being away of self-interest and selfishness. From the Quranic perspective, the only one who can meet all these characteristics is Allah, the all-wise and the Omniscient. Therefore, he alone is the origin and source of law. In Islam, sovereignty and guardianship [firstly and essentially] is the right of Allah, and He will devolve it to whom he pleases. Again, it will be their second and accidental right and their obedience is obligatory only due to Allah's command. As a result, the Quran, tradition of the prophet and his Progeny are playing the role of a constitution and a book of life for the humankind to gain salvation. The paper addresses the following issues too: the objectives of law and legislation, the origin of law, the credibility of law, the conditions of legislator and legislation and a comparative study of different schools on legislation.

The Rights of the Child is one of the most important debates in the Family Law. Various legal schools of thought and accounts are available on the subject. The present paper studies comparatively the views of the two prominent legal systems; i.e. the Quranic legal system that constitute the most comprehensive source of guidance for the human and the convention on the Rights of the Child which is the output of human's latest [21th century] efforts in the international arena. The writer in his comparative study of the two legal systems highlights the children's rights and introduces the two legal systems. Then he reminds the reader of the two school's main differences in three basic spheres of foundation, content, and method. The conclusion he draws is that the rights of a child in the Quran is greater in quantity and quality than that of the convention on the Rights of the Child; because this convention (CRC) though covers some positive points but still overlooks some of the children's basic rights.

One kind of interpretation of the Holy Quran is “Legal interpretation”. The Shiite and Sunnite jurists and exegetes from the first centuries of Islamic history onwards have applied this method to understand and derive religious rulings (requlations) from the Quran. The current paper after introductory discussions draws attention to the characteristics of legal interpretation, the kinds of exegetic methods and the foundations and arguments that favor legal interpretation. Due to the high significance of this type of interpretation, the writer has also touched the most important and relevant books from the second century onward. Finally, he addresses the challenges and harms of legal interpretation.

Freedom is concomitant with the creation of human. Thus, some believe that freedom is not definable but at the same time, some offer various definitions of freedom. Considering all the definitions, there are three basic constituents of [freedom] factor, impediment and purpose. Taking all these constituents into account in definition of freedom, one can say that the most important examples of political freedom are freedom of political participation, freedom of political competition and freedom of political control. The current paper, given the above-mentioned examples, studies the Quranic standpoints in respect with the relationship of politics and religion and the people's right of political participation in a religious government. The writer tries to analyze the Quranic teachings responding the basic question that what is the status of political participation and the mechanism of realizing political participation from the perspective of the Quran. He also sheds light on the related concepts such as “allegiance”, the role of “council and consultation” in political process, “political activism”, “taking precedence in doing good deeds” and “enjoining good and forbidding evil”.

The current writing reviews the entry of “agriculture and vegetation” in the Leiden Encyclopedia of the Quran. The writer having a comprehensive study of agriculture and vegetation in the Quran introduces the books that are written or translated from non- Arabic to Arabic on agriculture and vegetation. The paper also studies critically the following concepts the writer of the given article used in the Encyclopedia: preserving the agricultural goods, underground irrigation systems, two well-watered and intensely green gardens, cultivated fields, pastures, and plants growing in hell.

Today, the discussion of interdisciplinary humanities has led to a close relationship between various disciplines of science. This is the sphere where the relationships, realms, methods, strategies, functions, profits and… are discussed. In the meantime, recognition of the related sources of these sciences will pave the way for achieving the objectives. In this article, the writer pays attention to one of these scientific fields, which is sourcology of the Quran and health [hygiene]. Thus, he with introducing the related written books and articles and … tries to pave the background for the researchers to deduce scientific and exegetic examples from the Divine Book.