نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری
سال یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی -1، بهار و تابستان 1391)

One of the indicators of post-industrial society and third world countries is the access to the Internet. The importance of urban household access to the Internet has been so great that it has found a crucial place as one of the basic statistical data on population and housing consensus in developed countries, including the US, UK, Australia and Canada, and the information related to household access to the Internet and how they use it (bandwidth, computer, mobile internet, the related costs and the causes of lack of Internet connection) has been considered an important indicator of measuring the development level of households. The Internet as a new phenomenon and how people can access it is in its early stages in Iran, especially in cities. Despite the importance of access to the Internet, households have been facing several problems in connecting it, such as lack of computers, lack of technical skills, high operation costs, poor communication infrastructures, etc. In this study, the basic issue of investigation has been the extent to which marginalized households living in the third district of Mashhad can have access to the Internet, by identifying the reasons and factors influencing it using neural network models. Introducing the neural network models in the Iranian scientific literature in the field of humanities is considered as a means of transition from traditional methods in the analysis of social issues. For this reason, a sample composed of 302 supervisors has been examined. The results show that although 50% of the households studied own computers, 28% of them cannot access the Internet. Among the factors affecting Internet access, computer ownership is the most significant factor, followed by the factor of real estate ownership, space of dwelling, and, finally, technical and specialized skills. Accordingly, some suggestions have been made.

Configuration of urban land use arrangement system, how to divide and how to use urban lands are advantages of environmental, economic, social, politic and rightly forces. With extension of urbanization and development of Urban and regional planning, this concept is more widely hold a special place in the form of projects such as: land preparation, framework planning, general and comprehensive, structural – strategic and detailed planning. In this paper, various theory such as schedule and planning viewpoints and theories, organizational, function-oriented, reform-oriented, modernism, postmodernism, culture-oriented, naturalism, philosophy-oriented, technique- oriented, option-oriented, human preparation, mental health and sustainable development and other specific approaches related to urban land usage planning are discussed briefly, specifically about Garmi town. With a view to the fundamental principles, concepts, and processes and principles and usage criteria of topographic town of Garmi with area of 290 hectare and population equal to 28932 at year 1385 was examined and planed. In most usage the city's land has a shortage of area. Land use distribution is inconsistent with the principles and criteria for land use planning. At the end of the project outlook, population of city would reaches to the 38,000 people. To design and construct of various usages it is need to specific amount of land for available condition and some amount for the end of planning outlook.

Tourism and the economy at the moment, change has been the main pillars of business wiki world Stowe plays a vital role in the global economy. Moreover, many planners and policy makers also learn to develop the tourism industry as the main pillar. Activities related to tourism and related services in a region, like many economic sectors in the areas of need is Mvrdmnsha’n. The importance of the tourism industry and tourism potentials of the province on the other hand, the use of an appropriate procedure to prioritize the different areas of the province, for the proper and efficient planning and prioritization of investments in the region It will be necessary. In this study, using the Topsis priority Bndyshhrstan this province based on indicators of tourism development (the amount of natural attractions, historical attractions - cultural, man-made attractions, hotels, Guest, offices tourism, business services, passenger and road safety), Vera has four levels, the time between the (average) and the down (suspended) are addressed. The descriptive - analytical and data collection in the library - documentation is. The results show that the city in the province, the city of Isfahan, with priority ratio 0/87 and the city at the time of Khomeini Shahr, Khansar, Dehaghan, Tyran and crowns, Falavarjan, Golpayegan, Chadegan and Natanz coefficient and a priority 0/1 to 0/0007 at the surface have collapsed or have been denied.

One of the main challenges facing urban planning in the late 20th century is the growth rate of traffic that influences access to sustainable urban development. One of the solutions proposed for traffic—as well as the economic, social, and environmental problems originating from it—in large cities has been the applying of traffic restrictions during certain times and in specific places in order to reduce travel demand and transportation by private vehicles, causing an increase in the use of public transportation by citizens. In this study, two questionnaires were developed and administered: the first to citizens and pilgrims (N= 150), and the second to experts and executive managers (N= 40). To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the researchers applied Microsoft Office Excel and SPSS softwares. The results show that there is a relationship between applying the traffic restrictions for private vehicles and sustainable transportation in Mashhad. It was, moreover, revealed that by applying such traffic restrictions, use of public transportation would increase and, conversely, use of private vehicles would reduce by 14.6 percent. By the way, 70.7 percent of the common-people participants beleived that the traffic restrictions caused the increase in traffic flow in the center of the city, 70 percent maintaining it caused easy access to ficililities. Although 66 percent of tradesmen believed that the project would cause depression in their business, the necessity of applying such a project in the area on special days could not be denied. Furthermore, experts and managers’ solutions to achieve sustainable transportation were as follows: applying permanent traffic restrictions especially in the city center, developing public transportation, managing transportation demand and supply, developing more parking lots, and proper managing of urban units. As during traffic restrictions more people have to use the public transportation system, the executors of the plan should attempt to improve it and increase transportation facilities. Finally, as the public transportation system has a key role in the zone, if it is not promoted properly, the project may not succeed.

Due to rapid growing of cities, most countries in the world, including Iran, are faced with several urban and regional problems, so that urban policy issues, whether of economic, social or environmental nature, have been affected by the phenomenon. However, rapid population growth in urban areas has an unreasonable adverse effect on the natural environment and cultural diversity of communities. A lot of efforts have been made to alleviate the negative effects of sprawling cities, the most notable of which being the application of Smart Growth strategy to face the problem, actually considered as a proxy for the urban population distribution. Method of research in this study has been a descriptive, analytical one, seeking to provide a framework for smart growth strategy, including planning principles and strategies to create effective planning for improving transportation and land use in urban areas. In this regard, the principles, strategies and benefits in economic, social and environmental development of the smart growth will be discussed. Meanwhile, some of the criticisms against smart growth, including density, air pollution, increased costs of public services, and the low purchasing power of the people, have been reflected upon.

Institutional synergy in urban management, as a collective feature is the byproduct of inter and intra institutional activities of urban organizations. It is consider gregarious action and as managerial phenomenon with feature of trust, participation. Cooperation engagement, facilitation, mutual recognition and the network. This article scrutiny the capacity of inters intuitional synergy in urban management of moderate cities in Iran in arranging informal settlement. Statistic society of research is members of informal settlement enabling office) in state and public parts) whose tasks is arranging of urban management. Descriptive-explanatory method with quantitative analysis approach is used in the research. Therefore, some questionnaire is designed and completed by the office members to measure inter-institutional synergy. The obtained data is transferred to SPSS software and data is analyzed by using mean and Pierson tests. Study results show that first capacity of inter-institutional synergy among urban management institutions in the moderate cities (Zanajn and Hamadan) is lower than average. Second inter-institutional synergy indicators perform connected with each other and increasing or decreasing in the amount of on indicators finally, functional interaction network of office member’s institutions is responsibility of policy building institutions and enabling project administrator.

Urban diplomacy, as a new subject, has taken shape parallel to national diplomacy among the governments of various countries throughout the world. Today, many metropolitan and world cities use it as a tool to achieve their economic, cultural and social goals in line with their national interests. One of the objectives of the foreign policy of any state is the development of their realm of influence; that is, the formation of visible or invisible areas to spread the values they have in mind. To put it another way, the formation of a realm of influence allows a country to play a role in international affairs outside its geographical frontiers. Following a descriptive, analytical method and making use of library sources, the present paper is based on the major assumption that there exists a direct relationship between urban diplomacy and the development of a country’s realm of influence. The findings of the study also confirm the hypothesis just mentioned; namely, the more the major cities of a country are recognized throughout the world, the broader a country’s realm of influence would turn out to be.