فصلنامه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی محیط زیست
پیاپی 4 (تابستان 1391)

Considering the important role of energy saving issues and high share of industries in energy consumption, applying effective measures in this filed would have considerable influences on the country’s progress and development. Pulp and paper industry is an energy intensive industry. The goal of this research is energy consumption management in this industry by utilization of Combined Heat and Power system that leads to economical savings and reduction of air pollution.In this article after assessment of energy consumption in a pulp and paper factory, technological - economical and environmental feasibility study of utilization of Combined Heat and Power system (CHP) were investigated by Thermoflow and COMFAR EXPERT ΙΙΙ softwares for this factory.Since the thermal demands in this industry are mostly in the form of steam, application of combined heat and power system based on steam turbine is economically feasible. The results show that the factory will be able to produce 9 MW of its power requirement by utilization of steam turbine. The total required initial investment for this project is US$ 4,500,000 and the normal payback period would be 0.9 year.

This research will discuss the determination of recreational values of Babolsar beaches and measuring the individual's willingness to pay (WTP) for recreational benefit and measuring the effective variables on it based on contingent valuation (CV) and dichotomous choice (DC) and Heckman two stage Method.Needed data were obtained by personal interview through filling up questionnaires of 800 people in 2010. In manner, 71.6 percent of visitors were ready to pay for recreational use of these beaches. Mean willingness to pay for each visitor per year for recreational use were 2278 Rials in Babolsar beaches.Results showed that total recreational value of these beaches was more than 2813 million Rials and welfare situation in these beaches and family size have the most effect on willingness to pay.

Changes due to the utilization of the river lead to changes in river morphology and the impact on the river of life, environment and ecology of the river affects. To maximize the use of flood plain and it protection is the construction of structures to suit the type of land use expected. This type of action often leads to changes in the environment. This study using the hydraulic parameters, the parameters of the integrated flood management related to environmental and interaction between flood and land use along the river to assess the riparian and risk of flooding in the river.The analytical hierarchical process (AHP) was chosen as the method for prioritizing selected management alternative. Also, after combining the results of flood river flow hydraulic model and AHP model developed, river riparian risk zoning was determined by the environmental approach. In this study, the DAREHBAGH River of the rivers of KAHAK of QOM province has been selected as the case study. This river along during the course of its have been violated and the recent flooding in the DAREHBAGH river is leading to environment threats.

The research has been carried out to recognize and evaluate the Safety, Health and Environment risk of Modhej thermal power plant. The risk's evaluation include: the process of estimate and decision about acceptability of it. For this purpose, The evaluation of risk in Modhej power plant were identified under the influence and various activities. Potentially harming factors were identified after recognizing activities and various processes of power plant, Then they were classified according to their possible occurrence and the intensity of their effects on human, environment and capital. The equipment of production unit with the method of" Failure mode and effect analysis in production process" were identified and evaluated for the purpose of decreasing dangers management, evaluating dangers and occupation health. This means that the equipment and tasks were listed at first and then the basic standards were defined for putting them to order that became the ground for action. The 53 safety risks were identified and evaluated in this way. The 3 risks were defined with low risk priority, 42 risks with medium risk priority and 7's with high risk priority. The upper risk priority number related to using of high tension cables with 8.33 RPN and the lower risk priority number was related to power key in vapor unit with 0.87 RPN. In order to identification and evaluation of environmental accepts in production line, the conclusion of analysis related to sound degree, abroad air pollution, tremble and so on were considered and environmental accepts with the method of Environment Failure Mode Effect Analysis were defined for Modhej power plant. 27 environmental risks with the use of EFMEA method in Modhej power plant were identified.7 of risks with low priority, 16's with medium priority and 4's with high priority. The highest risk was related to explosion in equipment with 12.9 RPN and the least risk priority number were related to using of aluminum sulphate (Cloropheric) with 1.17 RPN

Natural gas storage in Iran, as the second largest holder of gas reserves of worlds, is a critical issue. In this regard, the excess natural gas production in the warm seasons should be stored in some proper underground reservoirs (depleted oil and gas fields, salt caverns and aquifers) and stored gas to be extracted again in cold seasons.Storage is done in many ways that each of the methods has environmental and safety problems that must be considered with measures to reduce these adverse impacts. The risks of these projects including land settlement, gas leaking, fires and explosions, and disturbances in groundwater of the upstream reservoirs. This paper has discussed the need for gas storage in underground reservoirs, storage techniques and environmental impacts of each storage procedures.

The international GavKhoni wetland is one of the most valuable wetlands in Iran with unique habitat characteristics. For this reason it was added to the list of international wetlands during the Ramsar site on 23th June 1975. The wetland is located in the distance of 130 km, East of Isfahan province at a height of 1470 meters above sea level. Due to having specific habitat characteristics, the international GavKhoni wetland is considered as one of the major attractions of the country from ecotourism point of view. Hence it is necessary to have applied research for reinforcement this habitat.In this study the international GavKhoni wetland was assessed to determine the Tourism Climate Index using GIS. In the first step the data of seven climate parameters relevant to the international GavKhoni wetland in between 1976 to 2005, were collected monthly from 11 synoptic stations of Isfahan province. Then the data was converted using TCI model and subsequently the maps were combined in the GIS media to prepare the distribution maps of TCI during 12 months for the wetland. Based on Tourism Climate Index, our results demonstrated that climatic situation for tourism in the months of April, May, September and October are excellent for ecotourism.

This survey has been done by using Environmental Failure Modes & Effects Analysis Method (EFMEA) to detection, classification and assessment of environmental risk in Kavian Steel Co. After identifying various activities and process in the factory, the equipment and tasks are investigated. The results of done analysis regarding sound degree, air pollution distribution and… have been evaluation for each machine. Potentially harming factors were identified and then classified considering accuracy probability, the pollution extent, resumption possibility and their effects of the environment.There were detected 133 environmental risks for equipment of production line with EFMEA method. They were 6 risks with low priority, 79 ones with middle priority and 48 ones with high priority. The highest risk was belonged to cooling beds with 125 RPN and the lowest was related to horizontal stand with 5 RPN. Controlling courses of action with the purpose of improving performance of under studied unit and decreasing the factors which cause environmental risks have been presented for every equipment separately, and secondary risk evaluation has been performed and RPN average reaches to 8.8 from 18.From among the suggested action is restricting noisy equipment in acoustic rooms, installing accordion joints in pipeline’'s fitting to compressor's outlets, resolving leakages, installing oil and grease collection container under the equipment.