مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 1 (فروردین 1392)

Study and understanding the relationship between effective variables in general health of university students is very important. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship and predictability of general health by cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional creativity. In this study 323 students (169 females، 154males) were selected by stratified random sampling method from Urmia University. The participants were assessed using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (CERS-Q)، the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI) and the SCL-25 (short-form). The data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between general health with subscales of cognitive emotion regulation strategies including other-blame، catastrophizing، positive refocusing and acceptance (p<0. 01). There was also significant positive relationship between general health with emotional creativity such as effectiveness، novelty، and authenticity (p<0. 01). It was found that other-blame، catastrophizing، positive refocusing، acceptance and effectiveness، and authenticity accounted for 37. 2% and 17. 3% of variance of general health. The findings emphasized the need to recognize the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional creativity in predicting student’s general health.

Elevated blood pressure is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases such as stroke، heart failure، and coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcholic extract of inner seed paddle of walnut on blood pressure of dogs. This study was conducted on six normal adult male dogs. Each dog received (IV) normal saline (as control) and hydroalcholic extract of inner seed paddle of walnut at doses of 5، 15 and 45 mg/kg with 10 min intervals، respectively. Invasive blood systolic and diastolic pressure، were measured simultaneously by a four- channel power-lab device while blood were collected at 15 minutes and 1، 3، and 4 hours after extract and drug administrations to measure plasma Na، K، Ca، aldosterone and renin of the dogs. Normal saline infusion had no effect on these parameters; however، blood pressure of the dogs reduced 15 minutes after extract administration. The increase of direct renin 15 min after extract administration led to drastic decrease of aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR). From the above results it is concluded that the present study seems to support the claims by traditional medicine about usefulness of inner seed paddle of walnut for blood pressure reduction. Further studies on hypertensive animals are warranted to clarify mechanisms involved in blood pressure reduction after extract of inner seed paddle of walnut administration.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastro-intestinal disease. Patients can experience symptoms for many years. These symptoms have significant impact on patient’s quality of life. There is a little information about irritable bowel syndrome in Iran. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome by using the ROME III criteria in the adult population of Tehran province. This study was a community-based cross-sectional survey that was conducted on 18180 adult populations in the North and East or Tehran province from May 2006 to December 2007. Irritable bowel syndrome was diagnosed using a validated questionnaire based on the ROME III criteria. Analysis was done by univariate methods and SPSS software. 15. 3% of participants complained of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms، while the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome was estimated to be 1. 1%. Irritable bowel syndrome patients were more likely to be married، and older. The most common presenting symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome were abdominal pain that were relieved by defecation (94%)، change in fecal consistency (78%)، and change in bowel frequency (70%). Constipation was predominant in 52% of irritable bowel syndrome cases، diarrhea was predominant in 18%، and 8% experienced intermittent diarrhea and constipation. According to these findings، the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome is relatively low in the Iranian adult population according to the ROME III criteria. The most probable reasons are the specificity of ROME III criteria and the characteristic of population under study. According to this experiment، this questionnaire based on ROME III criteria can be regarded more as a diagnostic tool rather than a screening tool.

In 2006، almost 687،923،000 elderly lived and it is predicted that in 2050 their population will increase to one billion. The increasing number of the elderly leads to an increase in their social issues، rehabilitation، and health-treatment. While the only goal of the health system is not only prolonging life، it is very essential to improve quality of life either. It is helpful to survey elderly psychological status to provide comprehensive information about their health and needs. Studies on the effects of environmental change on health changes in rural and urban areas are effective. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of life in rural and urban elderly population in Kamyaran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 elderly people living in the rural and urban areas in Kamyaran District. The study population was selected through stratified multistage sampling from the elderly under health care centers in rural and urban area. The data gathering tool was the questionnaire SF36. The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and t test.

The average age of the samples was 68. 3 years، and 75% of them lived with their families. Mean of all aspects of quality of life was 50. The mean quality of life in men was better than women. The average of quality of life in rural areas was higher and the difference was statistically significant. (P= 0. 001)

The quality of life in rural samples was more sufficient and desirable for the elderly than the urban ones.

Various studies have tackled the correlation between serum magnesium and prognosis in patients admitted to intensive care units. This study aimed to evaluate the probable significance of hypomagnesemia in patients’ clinical outcome. If proved positive، preventive measures could be taken to reduce hospital costs، improve patient recovery، and decrease hospital stay of the patients. We evaluated two hundred and sixteen patients admitted to intensive care units of Imam Khomeini university hospital in urmia in the first five months of the year 1390 patients with brain death، deep coma، advanced organ failure and critically ill cancer patients were excluded. A test of serum magnesium was performed at time of admission to ICU and patients were followed during their hospitalization both in ICU and hospital wards. Duration of hospital stay، need for mechanical ventilation and its possible effect on morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Out of 216 patients، 79 patients (36. 58%) had normal serum magnesium levels. 69 patients (31. 94%) and 68 patients (31. 48%) had low and high levels of serum magnesium respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between magnesium serum level and length of hospital stay، need for mechanical ventilation and mortality. Findings of the recent study together with previous ones indicate that magnesium deficiency could be documented in patients admitted to intensive care units but low level of blood magnesium is not related to increased mortality and morbidity or poor clinical outcome. We should remain vigilant against malnutrition and electrolyte abnormalities in critically ill patients

P atients with physical chronic diseases have mental and emotional problems such as depression. In general، about 5-10% of patients suffer major depression even in primary care process. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in depressed leper patients.

This q uasi experimental study was conducted on two groups and in three measurement stages. 32 men and women available patients with leprosy in Tabriz Baba Baghi skin researches center participated in this study. To collect data، Beck depression and automatic thoughts questionnaires were used before (pretest)، during (post-test 1)، after (post-test 2)، and one month after the intervention (post-test 3). The cognitive therapy intervention in Experimental group was conducted in 20 meetings - once a week for two hours. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results showed that depression of leper patients after، and one month after the intervention decreased meaningfully (in 0. 05 levels).

Cognitive therapy has an important role in decreasing depression in leper patients and continuity of that effectiveness observed at least one month after the intervention.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning. Methicillin resistant S. aureus usually are resistant to other antibiotics currently used for treatment. The aim of this study was determination of the prevalence of entrotoxigenic S. aureus in creamy pastries sold in Urmia and determining the rate of resistance to methicillin among the obtained isolates 100 samples of creamy pastries were cultured on BHI and Mnitol salt Agar. S. aureus was identified by standard methods such as gram stain، catalase and coagolase tests. Entrotoxin production and type was evaluated by SET-RPLA Toxin Detection. The sensitivity of the isolates to oxacillin was determined with disc diffusion method. S. aureus was isolated from fifteen percent of the creamy pastries، there is noSignificant relationship between the kind of pastry and the number of isolates (p>0. 05). All the isolates were sensitive to oxacillin. 40% (6) of the S. aureus isolates were entrotoxigenic،of them 66. 6% (4)، 33. 3% (2) and 16. 6% (1) produced entrotoxin A، B and D respectively، the isolates showed highest restresistance to penicillin، rifampin and teicoplanin and the most sensitivity has been shown to Gentamicin and co-trimoxazole respectively. There was no difference between entrotoxigenic and non entrotoxigenic isolates in respect of the sensitivity to antibiotics. Results showed that some creamy pastries were contaminated by entrotoxigenic S. aureus، thus using of fresh ingredients and caring about personal hygiene in confectionaries are recommended.

Frozen section is a high- risk procedure with important consequences. As the histopathologic diagnosis of the frozen section may have serious consequences for the treatment of the patient، a high degree of accuracy is mandatory and quality control is important. The aim of this study was the evaluation of accuracy of frozen section by revision of slides in teaching hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences including Imam Khomeini and Shahid Motahari hospitals. Methods & Materials: In this cross sectional study، the slides of all frozen section samples in teaching hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences during 2003 to 2009 revised by two pathologists and compared with their final permanent section diagnoses. A total of 155 neoplastic specimens in Imam Khomeini hospital and 83 neoplastic specimens in Shahid Motahari hospital were studied. Sensitivity، Specificity، positive and negative predictive values and accuracy in Iman Khomeini hospital were 95. 6%، 100%، 100%، 96. 5% and 96. 7% and in Shahid Motahari hospital 100%، 98%، 96. 2%، 100% and 98. 9%، respectively. We had 8 discordant diagnoses، 3 cases (37. 5%) were due to macroscopic discordance، 1 case (12. 5%) of microscopic discordance and 5 cases (62. 5%) of both macroscopic and microscopic discordance. As different studies showed accuracy of 91. 5% to 97. 4% for frozen section so we concluded that frozen sections are interpreted with acceptable accuracy in Urmia University Of Medical Sciences.

Optimal entral feeding methods in preterm infants have not been well defined. Controversy exists regarding when feedings should be started، whether minimal entral feedings should be used routinely in small preterm infants، and how fast to advance entral feedings. Preterm infants can exhibit delayed gastric emptying and often have feeding residuals. So، entral feedings are frequently advanced slowly in these neonates. However، recent data challenged this idea. The goal of this study was to compare outcomes of different feeding volumes advancing in preterm infants. Methods & Materials: In this controlled randomized clinical trial، 140 preterm infants with gestation age 30-34 weeks were enrolled in Tabriz Alzahra Teaching Hospital in a 12-month period of time. They randomized in three groups; feeding of milk advanced at 20ml/kg/day (group one، 60 neonates)، feeding of milk advanced at 24ml/kg/day (group two، 40 neonates)، and feeding of milk advanced at 30ml/kg/day (group three، 40 neonates). Outcomes were compared between the three groups. Weight gain was not significantly different between the three groups in a 7-day period. Age of commencement of oral intake، time to achieve the milk volume of 150ml/kg، duration of intravenous fluid therapy، duration of antibiotic therapy، total hospital stay، time to achieve the birth weight، NPO duration، full entral feeding time، duration of oxygen need and duration of mechanical ventilation were all significantly better in the third group comparing with the first one. This condition was present for the second group comparing with the first group except for the age of commencement of oral intake and NPO duration. The condition was better in the third group comparing with the second group regarding the time to achieve the milk volume of 150ml/kg and full entral feeding time. The complications were minimal in all neonates. Increase of entral feeding at a rate of 30ml/kg/day is safe and superior to 20ml/kg/day and 24ml/kg/day in preterm infants. It is necessary future studies with large number of patients before recommendation of this increase rate for entral feeing.

Incontinenta pigmenti or Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome is a rare x-linked dominant disease that mainly affects the skin، eye، hair، central nervous system and teeth. The disease is predominant among women. Dermatologic manifestations are among the most important aspects for the diagnosis of the syndrome. Oral involvement characterized by hypodontia of deciduous and permanent teeth is important for diagnosis and treatment of the patient. We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with cutaneous manifestation and hypodontia. The ophthalmologic and neurologic disturbances were not significant and the chief complaint of the patient was missing teeth. The diagnosis was established according to the history، physical examination، and radiography of teeth.