Journal of Modern Rehabilitation
Volume:7 Issue: 1, 2013

In studies of the spinal circuits، change of Renshaw cell activity is measured by H´ response. For recording H'' response، new electrical stimulation device was designed and built; and the first recorded H'' response in Iran was done. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intersession and intra-session reliability of peak amplitude of H´ response and its related intensity detected of new device. Soleus muscles of dominant extremity in 6 subjects were tested in 3 sessions and 2 times in each session that intra-session interval was 20 minutes and intersession interval was 1 week. Peak amplitude and its related intensity exhibited intra-session and intersession reliability 0. 92، 0. 98، 0. 86 and 0. 9 respectively. Standard Error of Measurement was 0. 37 and 0. 47 for intra-session and 0. 44 and 1. 06 for inter session respectively. Peak amplitude and its related intensity exhibited very high intra-session and intersession reliability.

Study of ground reaction force characteristics during walking is an important descriptor factor in gait pathology. With regard to this subject، the purpose of this study was to compare the vertical ground reaction force during forward and backward walking in athlete''s ankle sprain. The present study was semi-experimental، in which thirteen athletes with ankle sprain and eleven healthy athletes were participated. All participants performed three trials of walking in forward and backward directions. By using two force plates، ground reaction force was measured on a vertical axis and normalized with body weight. The mean and standard deviation of the data were measured to describe data and two-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the value of between the groups. Findings showed significant differences of the produced ground reaction force in a vertical direction in first and second peak during forward and backward walking. However، in comparison between groups، there were no significant differences between damaged and healthy athletes. This study shows that the ankle sprain injuries on the ground reaction force generated during walking toward the forward and backward has no effect، rather the differences between the healthy and affected groups are related to specific patterns of walking for each subject.

Multifidus muscle is one of the short and deep posterior Paraspinal muscles، which gives stability to the spine during various activities. Studies have shown that in people with neck pain، weakness and atrophy of neck muscles are major factors in the incidence of neck pain. Measurement of muscle''s dimensions by ultrasonography provides an opportunity to be able to objectively assess muscle atrophy or hypertrophy. This study aimed to assess symmetry of cervical multifidus muscle size in females with chronic non-specific neck pain and healthy by ultrasonography apparatus.

Twenty five women with unilateral chronic nonspecific neck pain and 25 healthy women were participated in this study. All subjects were employed and more than 4 hours working with computers or paying office in a day. Imaging of the cervical multifidus muscles were done bilaterally in the level of the fourth vertebra. Anterior-Posterior Dimension (APD)، Lateral Dimension (LD)، Cross-Sectional Area (multiplied of two diameters(APD&LD)) and the Shape ratio (Lateral diameter divided by the Anterior-Posterior diameter(LD/APD)) of the muscle were measured and recorded.

Multifidus muscle size in patients group was smaller than the healthy group. In patients group، size of multifidus muscle in the painful side was smaller than the opposite side. Asymmetry of muscle size between the two sides، in the patient group was higher than the control group (P < 0. 05). The ratio of smaller size to the larger size of the muscle، in the healthy group was higher than the ratio in the patient group (P < 0. 05).

In patients group، asymmetry of the muscle size between two sides، also smaller size of the muscle in the painful side، showed that muscle atrophy has happened in the involved side.

This study was performed to compare the stiffness of hamstring and rectus femoris muscles in subjects with anterior knee pain and normal subjects. In this non experimental and case-control study، 20 persons with anterior knee pain were selected simply from convenient sample and 20 healthy persons were selected by matching method. proximal and distal stiffness of hamstring and rectus femoris muscles were measured using an isokinetic device in the passive mode. Also، maximal concentric peak torque during flexion and extension movements of hip and knee، in two groups were compared by independent T-test and correlation analysis. There was no significant difference between anterior knee pain and proximal compartment of rectus femoris (P=0. 320) and hamstring (P=0. 125) stiffness، but there was significant difference between anterior knee pain and distal compartment of rectus femoris and hamstring stiffness (P<0. 001). Significant relationship was found between anterior knee pain and muscles strength (P<0. 001). No correlation was found between strength and stiffness of rectus femoris (P=0. 356) and hamstring muscles (P=0. 643) in patients group، but in healthy subjects this relationship was found (P<0. 001). In patients with anterior knee pain، hamstring and rectus femoris muscles stiffness increased and muscle strength decreased. Increasing of muscle strength was effective on stiffness in healthy subjects، but there was no relation between them in patients group. Also rectus femoris and hamstring muscles possibly have different proximal and distal neuromuscular compartments. Key words:

Rehabilitation interventions have significant role in reducing the disabilities of Down syndrome. Due to great role of balance in the function of individuals particularly in Activity of Daily Living and the effect of strength on balance، the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Progressive Resistive Exercise on functional balance in children with Down syndrome.

Fifteen girls children aged between 8 and 12 years، with Down syndrome participated in this study by available sampling method. The subjects participated three times per week in a six-week progressive strengthening program. During intervention، 3 of them excluded. Balance were measured by Berg Balance Scale and right/left hip abductor and flexor، knee extensor and flexor muscles isometric strengths were measured by Nickolas hand-held dynamometer. Paired-sampled T-Test was used for data analysis.

The results of this study showed that the mean of functional balance and muscles isometric strengths were significantly increased after intervention (P<0. 001).

It seems that the results of this study confirm the effect of progressive resistance training on progressing functional balance، and 8-12 years old children with Down syndrome can benefit from these exercises.

The translation، cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the American shoulder and elbow surgeons (ASES) were carried out in accordance with published guidelines. The study was conducted on 100 athletes (25. 96±5. 81 years)، which suffered from different shoulder disorders. When the translation and cultural adaptation of the original questionnaire was carried out on the standardized method، the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire booklet including the DASH، the Short Form General Health Survey (SF-36) and ASES questionnaires. In addition، 30 randomly selected patients were asked to complete the ASES questionnaire 48 hours later for the second time. After data collection the Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software. The Cronbach''s alpha was used to indicate internal consistency. Cronbach''s alpha was 0. 91 for ASES. Test-retest reliability was quantified by use of the intraclass correlation coefficient. It was 0. 91 for ASES questionnaire. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used for the questionnaire validation study. The DASH questionnaire showed high correlation of ICC=0. 78 with ASES. The ASES showed moderate correlation of 0. 48 to 0. 62 with those of the various scales of the SF-36. The Iranian ASES showed good reliability and validity and can be used for shoulder-specific patient self-assessment.

Diabetes has world wide prevalence and it is estimated that up to ten years later، more than 300 million people would suffer from it. The disease has serious secondary complications. Physical activity can decrease the complications by altering the blood profiles. Patients with diabetes are unwilling to do physical exercise. Whole Body Vibration (WBV) might be a proper substitution for exercise. The effects of WBV on patients with diabetes have not been studied enough، so the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of WBV on the blood profiles in patients with diabetes type 2. Twenty patients with diabetes were assigned using matched assignment either into control (n=10) or intervention (n=10) group. Intervention group received the WBV with frequency of 30 Hz and amplitude of 2. 5 mm for six weeks twice a week. The control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Blood profiles were measured in both groups at the baseline and the end of the study. FBS and HbA1C decreased in intervention group in comparison with the control group but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0. 44). There were not significant statistical differences in Cholesterol، HDL، LDL and TG before and after the treatment between the two groups. The application of WBV with the above parameters might reduce FBS and HbA1C in patients with diabetes type 2. Increase in the amount of Glucose Transporter protein 4 (GLUT-4) is one of the contributing factors that these changes can be ascribed to.

More recently، attention has turned to the role of proximal structures in function of lower limb. Decreased lumbo-pelvic (or core) stability has been suggested to contribute to the etiology of lower extremity sport injuries. This is largely due to the closed chain nature of athletic activities. Groin pain is a common complaint for athletes participating in sports such as soccer. Adductor-related groin pain was the most common primary entity in soccer players. Therefore، the aim of this study was to compare of core stability between male soccer players with and without hip adductors strain. Various studies have been done for treatment and prevention of recurrent of this lesion and the most important thing in these studies was to keep the integrity of the core stability. Fifty professional soccer players (25 healthy and 25 with adductors strain. mean age: 21. 32±2. 73) was studied. Core stability was compared among them by 5 endurance and functional tests. Endurance of back extensors، trunk flexors and lateral flexors were tested by Modified Biering-Sorensen and Mc. Gilltests. In current research، the Double Leg Lowering test is applied to measure the function of the oblique abdominals muscles and the Single Leg Squat test is applied to measure the function of hip abductor and external rotators muscles. Endurance of back extensors، flexors and lateral flexors were significantly lower in the injured soccer players in comparison with the healthy players. Significant decrease in the function of oblique abdominal muscles، hip abductor and external rotator muscles were founded in the injured players (p<0. 05). Decrease of endurance and function in the trunk muscles is probably an important risk factor for hip adductors strain injuries in the soccer players. Increasing the endurance of the core muscles can be reduced the occurrence of hip addactors strain.

Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in industrial society. There are complex changes in motor control of cervical spine in neck pain patients. The aim of this study was to compare the latency of activation of neck muscles during upper limb movement between neck pain patients and healthy subjects. Eighteen chronic non-specific neck pain patients and eighteen healthy subjects who were matched in age، weight and height participated in this study. Subjects were standing on the ground and performed flexion and abduction movement of the right arm until at least 90 degree in five trials and consequently surface electromyography of neck muscles was recorded. Activation time of neck muscles was determined in comparison with the activation time of deltoid muscle (as an event) and then compared between two groups. Findings of this study showed that in patients with chronic neck pain and healthy subjects during upper limb flexion and abduction movements، the superficial neck muscles were activated after deltoid activation. As well as in the neck pain patients compared to the healthy subjects superficial neck muscles onset was significantly appeared with delayed (P<0. 05). In patients with neck pain compared to healthy controls، the neck muscles were significantly delayed in responses to the internal perturbations of fast upper limb movements. It may be to increase the risk of injuries of neck region during fast upper limb movements.

Children''s participation in leisure and recreational activities is associated with their well-being. The Purpose of this study was to compare of participation between children with cerebral palsy and typically developing peers 8-14 years old. In this cross sectional study، 30 children with cerebral palsy (mean age: 11 years and 1 month) from special education school and 30 typically developing peers (11 years and 6 months) from typical schools through convenient nonprobability sampling were selected. Participants were evaluated with the Children''s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). The data were analyzed by spss17. There were significant differences between children with cerebral palsy and typically developing peers (p= 0. 000) in diversity scale. The intensity of participation in peer group was more than children with cerebral palsy)p=0. 000). No significant differences were found between the groups in the enjoyment. There were no significant main effects of gender، also significant interaction effect between group type and gender for CAPE variables. The participation of peer group in most activities was more than children with cerebral palsy. Physical disability can affect participation of children in everyday activities and socialization. Knowledge about participation of cerebral palsy children can help to health care professional to establish interventions that fit with children''s preferences and can promote their health and participation.