فصلنامه فرهنگی - تربیتی زنان و خانواده
سال هفتم شماره 20 (پاییز 1391)

Quality of life, feeling of happiness and satisfaction with life are considered indicators of general health. Following a sociological perspective, the present article attempts to explore the urban families’ quality of life and its impact on socialization of their children. To accomplish this objective, the study was conducted using the method survey among the nurse and teacher couples living in Zahedan, Iran. The research instrument was the adjusted Shaluk (2004) scale which measures four parameters of quality of life.The results indicated that the surveyed urban families enjoy a high standard of quality of life. It was also observed that there is a significant difference in favor of the families of teachers with respect to both quality of life and socialization of children. It was also indicated that there are significant relationships between the families’ quality of life and its four elements, on the one hand, and socialization of children, on the other. The results of the study confirm the analytical model utilized here. Hence, it was found out that all ten independent variables (four social variables: gender, age, income and education; four family variables: household type, type of housing, number of children and length of marriage; and two career variables: type of employment and length of employment) separately have meaningful relationships with quality of life as well as socialization of children.

This study was conducted to examine the rate of satisfaction with marriages of university students and identify the factors influencing this phenomenon in some branches of Islamic Azad University. The research population includes all the couples who got married in the years 2001 and 2005. A sample of 306 subjects was selected using regular random sampling technique. Two questionnaires were used to collect the data: a demographic information questionnaire and a questionnaire on satisfaction with marital life. The data was analyzed by multiple regression method. The results showed that all the marital factors have meaningful influence on the student couples’ satisfaction with their marital life but “getting along with each other’, ‘rich and fruitful relationship’, ‘common interests’ and ‘caring about the partner’ are the most important factors which influence satisfaction with marital life and explain more than 65 percent of the variance of life satisfaction. ‘The husband’s residence and job’, ‘the wife’s having information about the husband’s savings’ and ‘the wife’s having information about the husband’s helping his family’ are among the social, economic, and educational factors influencing satisfaction with marital life. The practical implications of the study are discussed at the end.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of group life skills training on the enhancement of the marital compatibility of married women. Life skills training was developed by the World Health Organization in 1993 for prevention purposes and improvement of the mental health of the community.The research method utilized here is semi-experimental one with pre-test and post-test and the sample was selected using the available sampling method along with random replacement procedure. The population of this study included all the married women, aged 25 to 42, who referred to the health center of district 10 in Tehran. The sample consisted of 62 subjects from the population.The life skills training program could significantly increase women's marital compatibility (p<0/001); such a change was not observed in the control group.Undoubtedly, if the couple is skillful in communication techniques, they can resolve a large number of life problems, have a high level of marital compatibility, and enjoy their lives.

This study aims at investigating the relationship between awareness and satisfaction of basic psychological needs among healthy women and those suffering from breast cancer. The population of the study consisted of the women with cancer who referred to Bu-Ali Hospital in Hamedan and the staff of this hospital.The sample included 200 women (100 patients, 100 healthy women) who were selected through available sampling technique. The data collection instruments included the Awareness Scale (Brown and Ryan), the Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale (Guardia, Deci and Ryan) and the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al.). The statistical test utilized was Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Our findings indicated that there is no significant relationship between awareness and basic needs satisfaction. It was also found out that awareness of women suffering from breast cancer is not lower than that of the healthy women. The findings further showed that basic needs satisfaction is higher among healthy women and healthy women suffer from less perceived stress than that of the unhealthy women.

This study aims at comparing the defense mechanisms and mental health of male and female students. The population of the study includes all the students of Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University. The sample was selected using the simple random sampling technique: 140 students (73 female and 67 male students) were selected using Cochran formula. The instruments included the GHQ mental health questionnaire and the DSQ40 defense mechanisms questionnaire. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, etc.) and inferential statistics (MANOVA test). The results indicated that male students enjoy better mental health, particularly with regard to the physical function and anxiety (p≥0/05) but no significant difference was observed between the two groups in making use of defense mechanisms

Today, power in the family is considered one of the important issues in sociology, which is usually related to gender-based division of housework between the spouses and their participation in decision-making.The present study deals with the power structure in the family in terms of the cultural traits of families. To conduct this study, the theory of Collins, Blood and Wolff and Parsons was utilized and six hypotheses were developed. The research method was survey and the data was collected by means of a questionnaire. The population of the study were all the married women of Abdanan. Using Leen’s table and the multistage cluster sampling technique, 400 subjects were selected as the sample.The results of the statistical test indicated that there is a meaningful relationship between power structure in the family, i.e. the dependent variable, and the independent variables: wife's education, husband’s education, gender-oriented attitude, authoritarianism in kinship network, family type and the age difference between the wife and husband.In this study, three independent variables influenced the explication coefficient; hence, it can be said that the cultural traits of the family impact three aspects of power structure in the family: wife's education, authoritarianism in kinship network and gender-oriented attitude.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between women’s (employed and unemployed) different choices including the choice of Western consumer goods or branded goods (like clothes, bags and shoes) and their cultural capitals. The study was conducted on the basis of the qualitative method. A group of randomly-selected subjects participated in extended interviews. The content analysis of the interview transcripts indicated that women's cultural capitals do not significantly impact their following fashion and choosing Western or branded goods. It was also indicated that there is a slight difference between working women and housewives with regard to following fashion and choosing Western or branded goods.