نشریه ادب فارسی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، پاییز و زمستان 1391)

“Ear-ring wearing " is an ancient ritual that was common among folks and different social groups, and was done for various purposes. It has been shown in the studies that both humans and animals were being worn ear-ring from longs ago. Although some kinds of them were used as an adornment or makeup tool, but the ear-rings were mostly considered as a sign of slavery. Contemplating on the historical background of such ritual and utilizing several samples out of literary and historical texts, the authors of present article try to explain the usage, the meaning and the shape of ear-rings throughout Persian history and literature.

In present research, four of Qajar prose works were initially selected as following: Nasekh al-Tavarikh of Muhammad Taghi Lesan al-Molk Sepehr, Masalek al-Mohsenin of ‘Abd al-Rahim Tabrizi, Majma’ al-Fosaha of Reza Gholi Khan Hedayat, and Hezar-o-yek Shab translated by ‘Abd al-Latif Tasuji Tabrizi. Their most important writing and editing errors such as verbs, plural signs, words and structures, adverbs, conjunctions, infinitives and adjectives and their continuation up to contemporary Persian prose were shown and analyzed to be classified in different categories at last. The research hypothesis is that Qajar prose, despite of its productivity and worth, has many remarkable writing and editing errors, and we can easily see the continuation of these problems in Persian contemporary prose. We intend, in this article, to trace the writing and editing problems of Persian contemporary prose and convince the writers to stop such errors being penetrated in their own works.

The Voquea literary School is strongly associated to the periods of Timurids – especially 2nd half of 15th century – and Safavids from the view of social-political points. The school was founded in the last 15th century and reached its maturity by the end of that century to be continued up to the early 16th century. There have been several sporadic discussions about the poems of Voquea School and their content analysis, but any discussion – as far as the authors have searched- has accomplished about its geographical origin. Concerning the attendance of scouters of Voquea School in Azerbaijan and then the evolutions occurred in Painting field of Tabriz School, the authors of present article have tried to evaluate the role of Dar al-Saltana of Tabriz in adaptation and development of supernatural regards in the fields of Art and Literature

There are some comments and examples on the qualities that make a panegyric apt-transition a good-one or a bad-one in Arabic and Persian rhetoric books. But a deeper look on the principles of rhetoric and the study of panegyric masters’ poems would lead us to get some more information about this subject. Analyzing some Persian panegyric poems and criticizing the opinions of the Persian and Arabic rhetoricians, this article focuses on the principles of a well-made apt-transition and, for the first time, analyses about thirty examples of weak apt-transitions and reveals their verbal faults.

Narrative style is the main feature of Mehdi Akhavan Sales (1928-1990), one of the famous contemporary Persian poets. But what gives a special prominence to his narrative poems and makes it distinct from the works of other contemporary poets is his idiosyncratic use of narrative techniques and methods. He employed in his works the element of narration in a distinctive manner. Although, the narrative techniques mostly appear in his poems, they have been used in a way that they never distort the essence of his poems. In his works, techniques of narrative are at the service of the poetry, rather than the poetry being at the service of narrative. Characterization, dialogue, creation an ambiance/atmosphere, creation or using myths, applications of symbols and symbolic language are narration techniques being discussed, in this article, to indicate their special functions.

Twenty one Maqamas of Ghazi Hamid al-Din Balkhi’s (died in 559 A.H) work, by the name of Maqamat-e Hamidi (written in 551 A.H), are studied in present article. The study of 6th and 14th Maqamas is postponed because of obvious distinctions of plot structure with the other Maqamas. Each of Maqamas’ plot structure includes 10 functions and develops by increasing or decreasing of the functions. Indeed, the main purpose of this article is to offer a consistent definition of the genre (Maqama) rules in Persian literature. The present approach has been taken from the attitude of Vladimir Propp (1895-1970 A.D.) at Morphology of Fairy-tales (1928 A.D.) and notions of Narrative prose sciences.

An important part of Iranian literary and historical background is remained in works had been translated or adopted from other texts written in other languages. They were done by translators, called “Mirzas”, who were masters in Persian literature. Their writing style was completely matched with the style of their period. Qajar’s era is considered as a prominent period in both French and English translation to Persian.This paper is going to study and evaluate the translation of English texts in to Persian and comparing it with texts translated from French in Qajar period. Surveying the history of English-Persian translation in Nasseri Translation center on the basis of some translations and translators, this article is to elucidate the reasons and factors of French surpassing to English in translation pieces.