پژوهش نامه ی علوی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1390)

Citizen right and is education is one of the important issues in modern societies. Although this issue and its discussion lacks a historical background، it has gained a good attention during last century. Studying citizenship from Nahjolbalaghe and Imam Ali point of view is a good way to track this issue beak in the history since both of them are regarded as brother to Quran and scholar in Islam. Imam Ali was head of Islamic government and was fully familiar with languge، religion، and racial differences political، ideological and discoursal groups were formed at that time. In this paper a definition of citizenship and its current condition is given along with Quran s view. Them Nahjolbalaghe and Imam Ali point of view were discussed on the effectual، behavioral and cognitive basis. Finally، it will be shown that citizenship has gone far away from its true meaning in this modern world and Imam Ali views compliance with modern civil rights will be more clear.

Poetry and literature of every nation are the mirror of its thoughts، beliefs، and tendencies. The ritual literature of Shiite poets، followers of Wilayah، is similarly a mirror through which the symbol of Shia thoughts، beliefs، and ideological culture is manifested. Since the Ghadeer is the symbol of Shia، it is not an exaggeration if we consider the Ghadeer poetry to be in line with and akin to the Shiite poetry; in addition، the Shiite poetry has been derived from the pure beliefs of believers in heavenly Wilayah and Ghadeer khum is its limpid and endless waterway. The Event of Ghadeer، among the other events of Islam، is the only event which، since its occurrence، has been accompanied by a piece of poem as a permanent document. This poem with its rhyming lines and rhythmic pattern is the lasting evidence in the Ghadeer records which has been kept orally and، with regard to its literary importance، has been recorded in the books. Arabic literature، which in the years after the advent of Islam، has come a long way and has passed many ups and downs in fifteen centuries، demonstrates manifest features through its poetic themes. Concentration on the Event of Ghadeer is one of its clear features which is manifested in the poems of most Arab poets. Seiyyed Haumeiri، one of the greatest poets loyal to the Household of the holy Prophet، has composed many poems about the Event of Ghadeer. Benefited by his pure poetic talent and initiative، this famous Shiite poet has composed some beautiful and everlasting odes about the dignity and moral virtues of Imam Ali، especially about the Event of Ghadeer khum. Each line of his poems reminds the world of the rightfulness of Ali and his Household and defeats the deniers of the sun of the Wilayah sky. The present paper tries to depict the great historical Event of Ghadeer Khum through Seiyyed Haumeiri''s poems. Keywords:

In the current article we introduce and explain the prophetic tradition known as the Hadith of Thaqalayn (the two weighty things)، we discuss its importance in Shiite believes and its potential role in helping to create rapprochement between Islamic schools. The Hadith of Thaqalayn is a testimony to the unchanged status of the Quran، the pure nature of the people of the house، the continuity of the religious leadership and a proof that the Madhi is alive. This prophetic tradition confirms the successors of the prophet and the people of the house as ultimate religious references. On this particular topic، there are a wide range of discussions which will be mentionbed، for example، some argue that one should only rely solely upon the Qur’an and not favor prophetic traditions which are not validated by people of the house. We will then investigate the historical and academic significance of the book entitled Hadithy al-Thaqalayn written by Qawwam al-din Muhammad Vasnavi. We will pay a particular attention to his unique pedagogical style in studying the chains and types of transmission recorded for the prophetic tradition. We will also discuss the significance of this book and the historical opportunity it offers to bring rapprochement between various Islamic schools.

Ali has been the most knowledgeable person to Holy Quran and interpretation and explanation of that divine book after the prophet (PBUH). He cited a variety of different fields of figh are kept on the verses that reflect the views of figh. Ali (AS)، according to narrationes had the various commentary ordinances and recommendations that refer to the commentary Books particularly، the validity of this claim is shown. Ali in his speech deal with to interpretation the verses that related to purity، prayer، Zakat (alms)، Khoms (one fifth)، Fasting، Hajj (pilgimageto mecca)، and Jihad (holy war) that is not principal of Religin. In spit of، between the speechs of Ali deal with to some of the interpretational disscusions in some transactiones and contract like Loan، Will، Vow، Oath، Marriage، and Divorce. Imam Ali discussed to Foods and Drinkings، Succession، Hodood(Punishments، Gesas(retaliations، and Gasa(Judgement that is Jurisprudential matters. This article deal with to analyze and study of narrationes related to Ahkam injunction of Imam Ali.

The chief enemy to human happiness and righteousness is the egoistical soul and its desires. The soul gathers disgraceful behaviors; however، if a human being strives to fight desires، he can find his true self and enter a higher spiritual station. Hence، the fight against the soul and shying away from lustful desires are necessary conditions for growing a human ethic. At the same time، the diversity with which desires manifest themselves in human beings makes the fight difficult. Desires are in contradistinction with practical reason. The desires of the soul forbid the stirring of practical reason. The soul’s desires also impede upon theoretical reason in such ways that human beings can sometimes perceive، mistakenly، the false as true and hence be driven towards infidelity. In the logic of the Quran، all sins have their source in the soul and its desires and the source of all shameful attributes is infidelity. Listening to one’s desire is a form of associationism with the lord. Hence، scholars of ethics say that a seeker must first empty oneself from his ugly behaviors in order to receive praiseful attributes which are then eventually transformed into virtues.

In the first fifty years after the Hegira، Jews took various cultural actions and influenced the Islamic society as a whole. Jews political and social relations with Muslims and their relations with Arabs of Jazirat al-Arab on the one hand and public superficiality as well as inability of the first three Caliphs to provide an Islamic pattern on the other created a serious challenge to the Islamic culture، and drew public attention to the main figures among Jews. Because of making uses by Jews of this situation، the collective identity changed and the society proceeded toward conventionalism. Spread of superstitious ideas led to alteration in truths and changes in the cultural and social situation of the society; and this played an important role in cultural-social-political developments during the first 50 years after Hegira. To promote their own objectives، Jew politicians changed their own appearances and influenced the body of power. Providing materials required by tale-tellers، they influenced public opinions and the government.