پژوهش نامه انتقادی متون و برنامه های علوم انسانی
پیاپی 22 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

Translating in Iran goes back to Hakhamaneshian era، when epigraphs were written in other languages. In Iran، we can think of translation movement in three different eras. The first movement happened in Sasanian era، especially after the foundation of Jundishapour. According to the existing resources، translations in that era did not include history books. The second movement blossomed at the end of second century، after the foundation of Bait al –Hikmah (House of Wisdom). In this era، under the influence of Greek Philosophy، translation of history books was not also taken into consideration، and only after the development and expansion of relations between Iran and European countries in Safavid era، the need for translation became evident again. However، the third movement started during Qajarieh، after Russia defeated Iran، and foreign military and scientific boards entered the country. In this research، the factors which encouraged writers and translators in Qajar era to translate history books and its effects on attracting and bringing together researchers and the readers in this field has been studied. The results showed that the wars between Iran and Russia initiated the first translations of history texts. Establishment of Dar- al- Fonoun (house of science)، Dar-al-Tarjama (Translation House)، orientology tendency، and archeology discoveries in Iran helped the translation of history texts and focusing on this kind of translation to reach to its highest point so far. Furthermore، translation of history books resulted in changing the method of historiography، taking into consideration the history of ancient Iran، and introducing revolutionary thoughts to Iranians.

Giving up traditional thoughts on the one hand، and the advent of modernist tendencies in Qajar society on the other hand، was the result of a kind of critical self-consciousness which happened after various and numerous social-political crises. Ever-increasing translations of political، social and economical texts in Qajar era resulted in the development of social awareness. In the present article، in addition to classifying critical discourses in that era and presenting facts، it’s been indicated that most designers of such discourses were involved in translating texts، and with these translations they made it obvious for the people that the existing political system was ineffective، and also encouraged the wish for a change in situation. In this research، the factors which encouraged writers and translators in Qajar era to translate history books and its effects on attracting and bringing together researchers and the readers in this field has been studied. The results showed that the wars between Iran and Russia initiated the first translations of history texts. Establishment of Dar- al- Fonoun (house of science)، Dar-al-Tarjama (Translation House)، orientology tendency، and archeology discoveries in Iran helped the translation of history texts and focusing on this kind of translation to reach to its highest point so far. Furthermore، translation of history books resulted in changing the method of historiography، taking into consideration the history of ancient Iran، and introducing revolutionary thoughts to Iranians.

Enormous number of works of orientalists and Iranologists increased the necessity of translating some of these works. The large number of such publications، in form of translated books and articles in recent decades، confirms the importance of evaluating and reviewing these works. Successive reviews of these translations reveal that some principles must be used in order to promote these translations scientifically and literarily. Sometimes، not observing some essential principles affect the translation in a way that prevents the reader from fully understand and perceive the text. For this reason، the main focus of this article is on the fact that translator’s awareness of some of these principles can prevent such harm، and can pave the way for promoting the content of translations. It seems that translating history researches and books requires specific techniques which are not that much necessary in the translation of other sciences. In this article not only common deficiencies in translating Iranology and orientology researches have been reviewed، but also it has been tried to introduce some of the necessary techniques and principles in this field.

Max Weber is one of the most important sociologists who has great influence on researchers in different fields of social sciences. Historians have also been affected by his thoughts and beliefs both in methodology and explaining historical events. The extent of these effects has been increased by the translation of Weber’s works into Persian. Those historians who choose to explain historical events especially contemporary history are engaged in terms such as “understanding”، “legitimacy”، “rationalisation”، and etc which Weber introduced in sociology. His influence on subjects like “the origin and function of government”، and revolution is even greater compared to other subjects. In this article by the use of an analytic approach the extent of his influence on these two subjects are discussed in detail based on facts.

The ever increasing attention to history as a science and publication of rich and useful books in different languages in this field requires translators of history texts to follow scientific frameworks in translating these texts. Undoubtedly، this would not be possible without knowing the scientific indicators of this art. In this article، in addition to introducing feature of scientific and literary texts، it has been tried to compare scientific and literary translations، and mention the indicators of each by introducing a model. Then، by explaining the features of the structure and content of history texts، it will be clear that in translating such texts both scientific and literary indicators must be concerned.

One of the published books in History is SALJOUGHIAN DYNASTY، which is supposed to be a text book for the students of history according to the writers and publisher of the book. Hence، having in mind the characteristic of a good text book، this text has some deficiencies which will be discussed in this article. Some of the deficiencies are as follows: title and content does not completely match، main sourcebooks in the fields have not been used، recent researches in the field have not been considered، references and footnotes do not follow academic styles، and there are some typing and content errors in the field.

Zabi-ollah Mansouri (1274-1365)، journalist and translator، is well- known and distinguished in history of literature and journalism in Iran due to several reasons، like unique style in translating literary and history texts (for his reader-oriented point of view in translation)، translating and compiling a large number of books، and attracting different range of readers. In this article after presenting a short summary of this translator’s biography and introducing his works، views، and different reactions of other translators and historians to his unique style، his style and method in translation، particularly history texts has been analyzed and criticized on the basis of samples from the original texts and their translations.