Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Summer-Autumn 2011

Analysis of the PSV (peak systolic velocity), EDV (end diastolic velocity) and RI (Resistant Index) in external ophthalmic and the long ciliary ophthalmic arteries in the cat by pulse Doppler.Design: Descriptive studyAnimals: 12 short haired “Tomcats” weighted about 3.9± 0.9 Kg no e general and optic disease in clinical, paraclinical and ophthalmoscopic examinations. Procedure- Two-dimentional and pulsed-doppler ultrasonography was performed by using a multi frequency linear transducer, 6-12 MHz. The cornea was coated with sterilized ultrasonography gel and the transducer was horizontally fixed over the eye. The PSV, EDV and RI in external ophthalmic artery and the long posterior ciliary artery were measured on the right and left eyes. The results about the experimented arteries showed no significant difference about “EDV, PSV and RI” factors between the Left and Right eyes of the Cats (P>0.05).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:It is found that in two-dimentional Doppler method, these arteries could be easily identified in ultrasonography and had the most repeatability rate in all experimented eyes and these two arteries could be used as a reference to diagnose optic diseases in future studies.

to investigate classification and possible causes of dulaa disorders and effect of surgical removal on male sexual desire.Animals: Twenty six male camels (age=6-13years) with dulaa injuries were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Sixteen camels showed signs of protruding, fluctuating and edematous dulaas. Other ten camels showed signs of completely entrapped dulaas.Procedures: Under deep sedation and local infiltration anesthesia, injured dulaa was surgically amputated. Entrapped dulaa was gently pulled out before performing surgery. Amputated protruded dulaa had ulcers, edema and hematoma. Entrapped dulaa had ulcers, impaction with food, fibrosis and penetrating wounds. None of the operated males showed reducing sexual desire 4 weeks after the operation.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: It was concluded that injured dulaa was either protruded or entrapped. Sharpness of canine teeth may play a role of having dulaa injury in camels, so it is recommended to perform teeth rasping annually just before the reproductive season. Amputation of dulaa had no effect on male sexual desire in dromedary camels.

Evaluation of leg scoring as a method for hoof trimming neccesity.Design: Prospective randomised trial.Animals: Hundred and sixty holstein dairy cows. Procedure- One hundred and fifty cows selected in a dairy farm in dry period 2-3 weeks before calving (stage one), all cows were photographed, right, left and overall scores (A three point scoring system, in which score one is for normal cows and score three is for extremely outward rotated hindfeet) was given by 5 observers. Cows were photographed 30 days after parturition (Stage two), Days in Milk (DIM) 120 (Stage three) and DIM 150 (Stage four). Agreement of the observers in different stages, and leg score changes during time was evaluated using one way ANOVA. Distribution of leg scores in different stages compared using Chi-square test.No statistical difference was recorded between observers in each stages except stage two. The highest score was recorded in stage one (2.08±0.72) and the lowest recorded in stage two (1.56±0.64). After parturition overall score increased till 120 DIM (1.8±0.71) but no significant changes recorded by increasing DIM (1.85±0.74) and after hoof trimming. Distribution of score three cows were reduced significantly in stage two in comparison to stage one and increase significantly in stage three in comparison to stage two. No statistical difference recorded between stages three and four. The average number of cows in score three were 27.1, 5.3, 19.2, and 21.2 percent in stages one to four respectively that is higher than previously reported numbers.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Leg scoring in cows with equal days in milk is useful. Hoof trimming cannot reduce leg scores but can prevent its growing trend.

Detection and evaluation of adrenal glands are complex problems in conventional ultrasonography in dogs. Using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (US) in adrenal gland volume evaluation can add new potential for further adrenal studies.Design: Descriptive studyAnimals: a total of 10 mix breed dogs Procedures: The dogs underwent two dimensional (2D) and 3D US of the adrenal glands before and after 10 days of tetracosactide administration. The adrenal glands increased progressively in size and volume over time which was quite significant in compare with the imitate measurements and it was detectable more in 3D US than 2D.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: The differential diagnosis of adrenal enlargement should include PDH and adrenal tumors which apparently cannot be diagnosed by 2D nor 3D US but in detection of mild enlargements, 3D US volumetric evaluation can make a better and more accurate role than 2D.

This study was performed to evaluate whether Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seeds extract has any protective activity in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat.Design: Experimental study.Animals:20 male Wistar albino rats.Procedures: Four groups of rats were included in this study. Group I (I/R) underwent ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of the intestine (45 min of ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion). Group II (fenugreek +I/R) was given fenugreek seeds extract via oral gavages for 2 wk before inducing I/R. Group III (vitamin C + I/R) and group IV (control) had sham I/R. After the experiments, the jejunum was removed and the tissues were processed for histopathologic examination.I/R group animals showed severe mucosal damage. The intestinal mucosa in the groups II and III was preserved in comparison with that in the group I. Significant decrease in histopathological scores was noted in the VitC and fenugreek groups in comparison with I/R group. There was no significant difference between the VitC and fenugreek groups (p>0.05).Conclusion and clinical relevance: According to the results of current study, administration of Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seeds extract before inducing I/R protects the intestinal mucosa from injury.

Evaluation of onset and duration of peripheral nerve blockage with alkalinized lidocaine by borate buffer instead of sodium bicarbonate.Study design: Experimental randomized cross-over study. Animals: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 200–300 g) were used in this study. Four 1.0% lidocaine solutions were prepared from commercially availablesolutions. The treatment 1(n=10 rats) was lidocaine hydrochloride, treatment 2 was combination of lidocaine and borate buffer, treatment 3 (n=10 rats) was lidocaine – epinephrine, treatment 4 (n=10 rats) was lidocaine-epinephrine-borate buffer. each treatment was received 0.1 ml of the agent using a 27-G needle connected to an insulin syringe injected around the sciatic nerve. Time to the onset and duration of the superficial and deep analgesia were recorded and analyzed. The results were expressed as mean ±SD and were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan test as a post hoc for time of onset and duration of analgesia. Graphpad Prism version 5 software program was used for all analyses. Alkalinization of 1.0% lidocaine with or without epinephrine by borate buffer produced a faster onset than lidocaine or the combination of lidocaine and epinephrine.Conclusion and clinical relevance: We conclude that the injection of lidocaine with added borate buffer and 1: 100,000 epinephrine increases the duration of analgesia and reduces the onset of blockade in the rat model. Further studies on the most appropriate dose of borate buffer are recommended. This combination might prove useful clinically to provide analgesia in infected area such as infected tooth extraction.

Euthanasia of animals is a highly stressful situation for veterinarians and may be source of ethical dilemmas; also, it is very difficult to decide “which technique is more appropriate for the given situation”? The aim of this study was to describe a new humane method for on-farm euthanasia.Design: Pilot clinical trial.Animals: thirteen animals including three horses, six sheep and four goats were nominated for euthanasia.Procedures: After induction of anesthesia by combination of xylazine-acepromazine and ketamine, according to Modified Glasgow Coma Scoring System, unconsciousness of all animals was established. Then, 4-12 mL lidocaine was injected intrathecally, and quality of death, vital signs and electrical activity of heart were assessed subsequently. The results suggest that direct application of lidocaine on medullary region of CNS after induction anesthesia may causes loss of consciousness, respiratory arrest, bradycardia, atrioventricular block and finally cardiac arrest.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Results showed that this method can be considered as an inexpensive, rapid and humane way to end an animal’s life.

Case Description: Hirudiniasis in the subglossal area is very rare. We describe an Iraniancross-breed goat:kid with two leeches’ infestation in his sublingual area.Clinical The animal was referred to the veterinary clinic with a history of anorexia, teeth grinding and bleeding from the mouth. In clinical examination of the mouth, two leeches observed which attached to sublingual region.Treatment and Outcome: Manual removal by forceps was done and all clinical signs were subsided.Clinical Relevance:Most leeches are bloodsucking parasites which attach themselves to vertebrate hosts, bite through the skin and suck out a quantity of blood. Other than the nuisance effect of their biting, their medical significance is generally minimal

Case Description: In the present study, a seven-year-old German shepherd female dog was referred to Veterinary Hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, with a two-week history of intermittent lameness and lumbosacral pain.Clinical On general examination, the vital parameters were within normal limits. A ventrodorsal (VD) radiograph of the pelvis and lumbosacral spine was taken and asymmetric lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LTV) type-3 was diagnosed. The authors describe a case of LTV in detail, on the basis of the clinical and radiological findings.Treatment and Outcome: In the present study, we suggested surgery (laminectomy), but the owner requested euthanasia for the high-cost of medical care.Clinical Relevance: Lumbosacral transitional vertebra is a heritable disease that is frequently diagnosed in German shepherd dogs. This disorder is a risk factor for the development of vertebral instability and cauda equina syndrome (CES). This condition is thought to have clinical significance and should be selected against in breeding, especially in the German shepherds. It should be considered not to use these dogs as working dogs.

Case Description: A 4-year-old male homer pigeon (Columba livia) with anorexia, thargy, maciation, and abdominal distention was referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital of aculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.Clinical Palpation revealed a solid mass in the caudal coelomic region. adiographic and ultrasonographic examinations showed caudal coelomic soft tissue mass. n the base of the clinical and paraclinical evaluations, coelomic mass was diagnosed presumptively.Treatment and Outcome: Because of the importance of racing aspect of the pigeon, surgical remove of the mass was done. One week after surgery, there were no postsurgical complications, and the bird recovered uneventfully. Histopathologic findings identified a well-organized encapsulated granuloma. In three years follow up no recurrence of the signs was reported.Clinical Relevance: Successful surgery of occupying lesion has not been described in pigeons frequently. According to solid mass dimension (6×6×5 cm) with well-organized encapsulated granuloma, this situation is a rare case.