فصلنامه پژوهش های تاریخی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 15، پاییز 1391)

'Murmurs of the nationalization of oil industry in 1910 were heard at the same time the National Front formed. It was aFront whose gathered forces, each were considered as the representative of a different social group in Iran. From politicians, staffs, young open-minded people to bazaar merchants, all constituted the basis of the National Front and played a significant role in the events related to the nationalization of the oil industry and the coup of the 19th of August 1958. Studying the basic political and social role of market and bazaar merchants in this article is an approach to the recognition of this group`s actions and reactions since such activities reveals this group`s understanding of the ratification of the nationalization of oil industry in that movement. Paying attention to market as one of the bases related to clergymen and religious organization can be affective in understanding the relation between nation and market on the threshold of the nationalization of oil industry. This article aims to show that market was politically and economically responsible for the movement of the nationalization of oil industry and Musaddiq`s premiership; it not only accompanied the political forces but also used its financial and economic help to procure the funds needed for Musaddiq`s cabinet. Bazaar merchants` communal cooperation for the sake of “national authority” and “independence” was of the main goals of the movement. Besides, the fulfillment of the authority of Iran over its resources and national revenue and shortening the hand of foreigners from the internal affairs have been the interpretation of bazaar merchants from the nationalization of oil industry in political and economic aspects. According to the matters expressed in this article, the reaction of market to the nationalization of oil industry is going to be analyzed and investigated.

The occupation of Egypt in 1763 AD by the military force of France and the menace of occupying the possessions of Britain in the East, especially from French, started a period of rivalry between these two European forces in the north of Africa, Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf and specifically Oman. Because of its geographical condition in Indian ocean and the entrance of Persian Gulf, Oman was, from one side, in contact with the eastern part of Africa and Mauritius island (the military base of French in Indian ocean) and, from the other side, in commercial relation with the western part of India and the areas which were occupied by Britain. Such strategic situation helped the English government of India and the French ruler of Mauritius Island to try to prevent the penetration of their rival in their territory, taking advantage of the geographical condition of the area and developing their relations with the kings of Oman. From 1775 AD on, after a decline in the threats from France and the occupation of the colonies of that country in Indian Ocean and the east of Africa, Oman got out of the scope of rivalries between France and Britain. In this article, the state of formation, development, and destiny of the rivalry, which was the reflection of parts of confrontations Britain and France had in Europe, is investigated.

Bastakie is a neighborhood in the east of Dubai; it was established after Iranian businessmen`s immigration to there in about 1890. This neighborhood is located along a canal with the length of 300m and the width of 100m. Bastakie, because of its windbreaks, carved wooden doors, and spectacular plasterwork, has been one of the most popular tourist attractions and also a place for visiting formal guests in Dubai. Nowadays, this place has changed to a vocation spot in Dubai. Bastakie has been constructed by Bastaki architects to be a settlement for businessmen of Bastakie and the areas around there. Its features made it to be considered as a part of history and culture of Dubai and Emirate. Emirate government has paid special attention to this historic neighborhood and started renovating it in the recent years. This historic work has been registered in UNESCO in 2000. The presentsurvey aims at revealing the reasons for businessmen`s immigration to Badtakie and investigating their influence on the formation and prosperity of business with a scientific perspective, referring to valid Persian and Arabic source. The article is done taking advantage of a scientific-historic method and field-study and bibliographical techniques. It is assumed that the immigration if Iranian businessmen to Bastakie is not only for having economic power but also for raising fund and economic profit.

Safavid administrative organizations during the anarchy of Shah Ismail were constantly being moved from one part to the other. During the kingdom of Shah Tahmasb, in addition to arranging such courthouses (dafāter-e-divani at the center of the political power of his territory, he settled next to the imperial court. Although the historical reports have not directly talked about the quality of these documents and bureaus, they express diffuse information about these courthouses when talking about the agents of such imperial courts. These implicit reports are valuable for studying and investigating Safavid courthouses since Safavid government was the ruling authority for two centuries and left behind a valuable heritage on political, social and economic dimensions. Some of such heritage has been registered in the bureaus but is not available nowadays. Therefore, what is open to discussion is the reason and state of the eradication of these courthouses. Despite the fact that there are no reports by witnesses and contemporary historians of Afghan`s attack, historical researchers blame Afghans for eradicating Safavid courthouses while some reasons for such happening must be searched for either in the adventurous spirits of those in charge of authority and profiteering of those who were seeking their profits in the extinction of these bureaus or in the negligence of rulers and commanders who did not concern about historic monuments and documents.

In the nineteenth century, the Indian subcontinent was the home of evolutions that changed the destiny of the eastern areas of Iran plateau. The goal of this article is to recognize the political ties England and Russia had with Iran during the kingdom of Fath Ali Shah Qajar and to emphasize different aspects of such relationships with British and Indian general governorship. Referring to the first-hand sources on Qajar dynasty, the researchers have tried to historically describe the role of colonialism in the eastern plateau of Iran, taking advantage of procedural studies. The present survey indicated that historically speaking, the main goal of Russia and England has been the same: weakening the government of Iran. They used to easily ignore their agreements with Iran, when their benefits demanded, and utilize unfair diplomatic ways; they even did not refrain from using their military forces against Iran.

Theater, cinema, history, and travel account take advantage of “anecdote”, but they are not considered as story. In these types of anecdote, the means of communication are different, even though there may be not much difference between them paying attention to their narrative basis. History is a story which is read. For example, if a movie is made or a drama is played based on a story, just the means of stating the narrative changes. It means that in all these works “story” is the infrastructure. So, in all of the works that are close to stories in some ways, anecdote is observable. History gets close to story since it continuously expresses the events in which kings and rulers are heroes. Besides, in history, chronological anecdotes are used. Furthermore, “conversation”, “real-like nature”, “stage management”, and “struggle” are taken into account as common elements in story and history. But, since story is told in a delicate artistic way and is organized (it includes introduction, plot, characterization, atmosphere creation and so forth), it belongs to Art while history belongs to science for it is not artistic and organized. The present study, utilizing a descriptive analytical way, has investigated and analyzed the common elements in story and history. The findings of the article indicate that history and story have been related since the time of Aristotle and such a relation is steel seen between them. On the other hand, story is artistic but history is not the same in being artistic and introducing evidences and documents.

Determining the boundaries of geographical regions in various historic eras has been of a special importance. Political-geographical demarcations have sometimes affected historic events. Therefore, determining the boundaries of a state or region is a matter that historians and historiographers are in charge of. Moghistan is one of the specific geographical regions whose borders have not been determined in sources. Most resources and recent surveys have recognized Moghistan as the only region along the beach. The present article is to not only study the etymology of Moghistan but also explicate the boundaries and exact geographical condition of this area and investigate some political-social events of the area.