نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال هجدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 74، خرداد 1392)

Malignant pleural effusion is a common complication. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a procedure that allows direct visualization and provides biopsy of the injury. The purpose of the current study was to determine the efficiency of Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pleural malignancy. In the present study، fifty-two patients with exudative pleural effusion with unknown origin due to hemoptysis، atelectasis or wide effusion without large displacements mediastinum، and Endobronchial lesions were studied. Patients were investigated under local anesthesia، using fiberoptic bronchoscopes and the findings were recorded. Moreover، washing، microbial sampling and biopsies were conducted. The gathered data were analyzed by the Chi-square test. Using Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 22 patients (42. 3%) led to the diagnosis of the underlying cause of pleural effusion. In cases of blood sputum، the possibility of which fiberoptic bronchoscopy could reveal the cause of pleural effusion was significantly high (p=0. 04)، but fiberoptic bronchoscopy did not play a major role in the diagnosis of both large effusion and atelectasis. If fiberoptic bronchoscopy is conducted on patients with hemoptysis to evaluate malignant pleural effusion، it can help establish a diagnosis، but is not recommended routinely for these patients.

Food insecurity is defined as limited availability at all times to sufficient food of an active life. The aim of this study was assessing the food insecurity status and some associated socioeconomic factors in women with metabolic syndrome. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 women between 30-60 years of age with metabolic syndrome referred to health centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and food insecurity status were assessed using demographic and the 18-item Agriculture Organization of the United States of America household food security questionnaires، respectively. Data were analyzed by Chi-square، t-tests and Logistic Regression statistical tests. Prevalence of food insecurity in the population was 69. 2%. Logistic regression showed the independent variables affecting food insecurity in women with metabolic syndrome were household economic status، family size، and income respectively (P<0. 05). Due to high rate of food insecurity in women with metabolic syndrome، perhaps reducing food insecurity is associated with reduced metabolic syndrome. Therefore، it is necessary to reduce food insecurity in the society، especially among women.

Burns may lead to short-term or long term disability of victims and make the skin look inappropriate. Attention has been drawn to the plants containing tannins for the treatment of burn wounds. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of aqueous extract of oak with silver sulfadiazine on burn wound healing in rats. In this experimental study، 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. 24 hours post-burn level 2 Silver sulfadiazine cream was treated for the first group and aqueous extract of oak at 1، 4، 7% were used for the second، third and fourth groups; the control group was treated with physiology serum. After 30 and 60 days، mice were anesthetized and damaged skin tissues were removed and then transferred to 10% formalin. After histological processing and hematoxylin and eosin staning، the structure of the skin was examined by light microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey. Thickness of the epidermis، dermis، and the burns extract pairs، in groups of 1%، 4%، 7% in comparison to silver sulfadiazine showed a significant increase (P <0/05). It seemed that the 1% Sulfadiazine Cream compared with oak extract inhibited healing of the skin.

Locus of control and general self-efficacy are important variables that haveattracted the attention of researchers from various fields in the past three decades. The Aim of thisstudy was determining the role of inhibition and general self-efficacy among the students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 737 students from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected. Then, the Rotter Locus of Control and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire was filled by them. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics; t-test and also Pearson correlation analysis was performed. About 47 percent of students were standing of external inhibition. General self efficacy scores were significantly higher among boys than girls (p< 0.05). A number of 483 (65.5%) of the students said that the holding of self-education courses were necessary. Considering the importance of internal control to health care providers and since a high percentage of students were standing outside control, it is necessary to improve self-efficacy and changes in outside control to inside control, trainings courses especially for female students will be held.

Attention deficit has significant effect on the life of patients suffering from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the attention deficit in patients with schizophrenia.

In the present post-hoc study، 132 patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were selected via non-randomized sampling at Shafa Hospital (Rasht، Iran) and then divided into four equal groups: chronic schizophrenia patients، first-episode patients، chronic bipolar patients، and first-episode bipolar patients. Thirty-three healthy individuals were selected as the control group. Subjects were evaluated by Stroop color-word test. The gathered Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.

Attention deficit among chronic schizophrenics and patients suffering from bipolar disease was higher than the control group (p <1). Chronic schizophrenic patients compared with schizophrenia bipolar disease and first round schizophrenia showed more attention deficit. There was no significant difference among the first bipolar disease and schizophrenia، bipolar disorder، as well as the first round schizophrenia (p<0. 05).

Attention deficit is more severe in schizophrenic patients than bipolar disorder، and chronicity is more effective in schizophrenic patients.

Anti-oxidant compounds prevent prevalence of chronic diseases and food spoiling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of beech and oak barks.

In this experimental study، the skin of beech and oak trees were prepared and then acetone extraction was obtained using Soxhle method. At the beginning، total phenol and flavonoid of extracts were determined and the anti-oxidant properties of the extracts were then evaluated by three methods (methods Biphenyl Pykryl Hydrosol، regenerative power produced- and nitric oxide).

The amount of phenolic was higher in bark of beech trees، but flavonoids were higher in oaks. The result of test to trap free radicals of Biphenyl Pykryl Hydrazyl showed the inhibitory concentration 50% of acetone extract of the bark of beech and oak، were 92. 19 and 33. 7 mg/L respectively. Beech extracts had greater regenerative power than oak. In Nitric oxide trap test acetone extract inhibited 50% in bark of beech trees was 98/23 and the oak extract was 92/90 mg/L respectively.

Acetone extract of the bark in three models showed varying degrees of anti - oxidant activity. Beech extract had better antioxidant activity compared with oak extract.

MRI is a new and expensive diagnostic technology which has been increasingly used globally. This aim of study was to determining the administration of MRI for the Lumbar vertebrae using the appropriate RAND Method.

This qualitative study was based on consensus. The population study included 9 professionals involved in prescribing the procedure based on Rand. Two criteria were identified: Valid clinical guidelines and expert opinion. Scoring criteria were the numbers 1 to 9. Numbers in the range of 1 to 3 unfit، 4 to 6، unreliable، and 7 to 9، placed in an appropriate range. An agreement was done when 7 specialists agreed marked the same range.

97 scenarios were selected for the lumbar spine MRI in the extracting phase. 18 other scenarios were added by panel members. Finally، a total of 115 scenarios were identified. After implementing two rounds، the scenarios were categorized into three ranges. Sixty eight (%59. 1) of the scenarios were considered as appropriate، 44 (%38. 2) as uncertain، and 3 (%2. 6) as inappropriate.

A developed scenario in this project for MRI lumbar vertebrae treated with Guide is perfect for specialists. It is recommended that insurance companies and other institutions use this as a benchmark for the payment of MRI lumbar vertebrae fees. RAND appropriateness Method is useful for identifying stakeholder views in settings with limited resources.

Autism is one of the diseases with clearly associated disorders. Children with autism are not able to express the pain and in case of signs of mental disability in children a delay in reporting of diagnosis or misdiagnosis will occurs. The aim of this study was to report a case of risperidone in children with autism and suspected dysphagia. This case report dealt with a rare complication of Risperidone side effect diagnosed as dysphagia in an autistic child. Risperdal is approved for autism treatment and the common side effects of this drug is increased appetite، but has led to difficulty in eating in children. To investigate the cause of dysphagia، no para-clinic examination was conducted. It is necessary to take a complete drug history in patients with problems of communication and swallowing disorders.