نشریه تحقیقات دامپزشکی و فرآورده های بیولوژیک
سال بیست و ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 99، تابستان 1392)

The studies of parasitology was performed on freshwater in farm ponds in Isfahan province during the years of 2006-2008 and in total were fished 150 fish from farm ponds of freshwater fish and dual purpose of agriculture of three regions in Isfahan. The fish were 65 Cyprinus carpio، 40 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and 45 Ctenopharyngodon idella. The samples were taken to laboratory alive and after injury spinal cord and following investigation of microscopic parasites that were made the parasites blood of Isfahan، were identified. Dactylogyrus extensus، D. sahvuensis، Gyrodactylus spp. and Lernaea. According to the result of this study، Cyprinus carpio and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were infected by parasitic worm consist of Dactylogyrus spp.، Gyrodactylus spp and lernaea and Ctenopharyngodon idella was infected by parasites Gyrodactylus spp. and Lernaea.

Pigeons can be carriers of some human pathogens and contribute to transmission and spread of drug resistant infectious agents to human. Considering many people’s interests to keep pigeons، present study was conducted to PCR detection of Escherichia coli O157: H7 that is responsible for outbreaks of human intestinal diseases and fatal haemolytic-uraemic syndrome worldwide and evaluation of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolated from pigeons in Shahrekord. Altogether 180 samples of pigeon faeces were collected with sterile cotton swabs from different areas of Shahrekord، Iran. Swabs were placed directly into Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB). In the laboratory samples were streaked onto MacConkey agar and Cefixime Tellurite Sorbitol MacConkey agar as selective plating media. Antibiogram tests were then performed using disc diffusion method. Suspected colonies to E. coli O157: H7 were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E. coli was isolated from 93 (51. 7%) of 180 the samples. Resistance of isolates to Cefotaxime، Imipenem، Cefixime، Amoxicillin، Cefalexin، Penicillin G and Oxacillin was 1. 1%، 3. 2%، 8. 6%، 22. 6%، 40. 9%، 90. 3% and 96. 7% respectively. E. coli O157: H7 was not found in any samples. Although pigeons were not sources or carriers of E. coli O157: H7 in the region، they harbored beta-lactam antibiotics resistant E. coli and could be an important component of drug-resistant infections transmission from pigeons to human، especially kids and can pose a risk to human health. Considering of what mentioned it is recommended to make pigeons owners and general public aware of potential dangers of pigeons keeping.

Salmonella is one of the most important bacterial pathogens, especially in children and the elderly can lead to acute gastroenteritis. The natural location of this bacterium is in the digestive system, So transferring by fecal to water. A total of 180 samples of fish, shrimp and lobster was catch randomly from retail stores at Isfahan city and in aseptic conditions was transported to the food laboratory. After microbial culture and serotyping with anti-sera monovalan was performed. A total of 180 samples including, 110 fishes and 40 shrimps was tested, respectably 9 (18/8%) and 2 (5%) samples were contaminated with salmonella, But the contamination was not found in samples of lobster. The most common serotypes are Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidis isolated from samples contaminated with bacteria. The most bacterial contamination occurred in summer (17.5%) followed by fall (3.8%), and winter (1.6%). To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of the isolation Salmonella Serotypes of from fish, shrimp and lobster in Iran

Trypanosomes infect the blood of the vertebrate host, causing fever, weakness, and lethargy, which lead to weight loss and anemia; in some animals the disease is fatal unless treated and causes serious economic losses. Considering the importance of what mentioned present study was conducted to detection of Trypanosoma in healthy equids. 116 blood samples collected from Lorestan, Hamedan, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, Guilan, Isfahan and Fars provinces and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Trypanosoma was not found in any samples. Fortunately, this may suggest that the disease is not prevalent or prevalence of the disease is very low in Iran. It is suggested to prevent the disease by preventing equids suspected of carrying the disease from entering the country and imported healthy equids should be tested by serological and molecular tests

This study was carried out to indicate the effects of olive leaves on arterial blood pressure, blood lipids and growth performance in broiler chickens. Experiment was conducted with 5 treatments and 4 replicates with 25 birds per each replicate in a completely randomized design with over all 500 male Arian strain 1-day old broilers. The period of study was 42 d. Treatments were control, drug of anti-hypertension propranolol (4 mg/kg BW) and 0.5, 1 and 1.5% olive leaf in diets. The growth performance, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, glucose and total protein in serum were measured. Blood pressure was determined on brachial artery of all conscious birds at the end of 42 d with instruments of vascular flow detector SONICAID BV102R and baby cuff. The results of this experiment indicated that, there were significant effect of olive leaf on blood pressure, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and mortality (p<0.05), but no significant effect on serum HDL-cholesterol, glucose and total protein in broiler chickens. According to results of this experiment, in order to reduce blood pressure, serum lipids, mortality and improvement of production efficiency, use of olive leaf up to 1.5% in broilers diet could be recommended

Bluetongue is an acute and subacute viral diseases of domestic and wild ruminants.This research was conducted to assess the disease status using serological diagnostic methods and virus isolation were performed. During the period 2003-2006, from sheep farms of 9 provinces including Markazi, Ardabil, Yazd, Qom, East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Qazvin, Isfahan and Golestan, Four handred thirty two samples collected in suspected sheep to disease. In first stage, by ELISA method, the antibody against bluetongue virus were found in two hundred eighty seven samples. For virus isolation, from samples of buffy coats, sixty five samples inoculated to embryonated SPF eggs and after virus propagation, re-inoculated into Vero and BHK cell cultures. In twenty two inoculated samples, the cell lesions was observed. With serum neutralization test confirmed. After titration the virus, preparation for observation under electron microscopy done, and, viral particles were found in 70x72nm. After injection the purified virus and whole the primary samples, sensitive sheep,the clinical signs seen. After obtaining blood samples from sheep infected, the all of the steps was again the results confirm there is bluetongue virus.

Limited information exists on mortality rates and it’s causes on Iranian broiler farms. In the present study, Mortality rate, etiology and risk factors associated with mortality rate in broiler flocks, were evaluated.178 folders related to the mortality of broilers which were covered by the national insurance program for broilers in Mashhad, from 21 March 2011 to 20 March 2012, were investigated. For each case, number and breed of chicks, season of raising, number of death during the entire grow out period and it’s causes, and management factors were recorded. The average of mortality rate in broiler flocks which were inclusive of insurance payment was 23.5% (95%CI: 21.1-25.9%). Most important causes of death were avian influenza and Newcastle disease, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed that season of raising and presence of disinfectant pool are related to the mortality rate. Flocks which were raised in summer and Autumn experienced 10.4 and 7.2% greater mortality rate than those were raised in winter. Also, farms which used disinfectant pool had 5.7% lower mortality rate than farm did not. Control of environmental effects and improvement of management techniques could prevent disease occurrence and reduce economic losses.

Pasteurellosis of cattle and buffalo named as hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is an acute and fatal disease causes by Pasteurella multocida serotypes B2 and E2 in different countries. HS is occurred in all parts of the world except Australia. Economic importance of disease in Asia is more than Africa. Bovine pasteurellosis is endemic in Northern areas (Gilan and Mazandaran), West and East Azarbayjan, Ardabil and Khozestan provinces in Iran. Its occurrence in other parts of the country is sporadic. Vaccination is the most effective method for prevention of the disease. Apparently healthy but carrier animals have basic roles in transferring the disease from endemic to non-endemic areas. In this article the epidemiology of HS is reviewed and the main strategies for control and prevention of the disease is explained