مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان
سال هجدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 68، تابستان 1392)

Estimation of the survival rate after diagnosis is an important indicator of treatment process in cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to determine 5-yearsurvival rate and its associated factors in the patients with stomach cancer.

This was a descriptive analytical study. We reviewed records of 239 patients with confirmed diagnosis of stomach cancer who had been hospitalized at Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj city، during a five-year interval from 2006 onwards. Survival rate was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier and by using Log rank statistical methods.

Our study included 178 male (74. 5%) and 61 female (25. 5%) patients with a mean age of 68. 8 ±11. 97 years. The mean maximum survival rate was 19. 85 months (CI 95%: 16. 46-23. 24) which belonged to the patients with intestinal type of tumors (60. 6%، n=145)، followed by the patients who had surgical therapy (10. 3%، n=21) with a mean survival rate of 15. 67 months (CI95%: 8. 78-22. 58). Variables such as gender، residential areas، and history of stomach cancer in first degree relatives، history of symptoms of gastric diseases، cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorders during treatment course showed no significant association with mean survival rate. The mean survival rate in the patients which their cancer had been diagnosed at early stages was 14. 86 months (CI 95%، 12. 77-16. 94) which was significantly higher as compared to those with late diagnosis of the disease (P=0. 049). One to five year survival rates were 41%، 17%، 13%، 10% and 5. 4% respectively.

Early diagnosis of stomach cancer increases 5 years survival rate in the patients significantly.

HTLV-I is the etiological cause of adult T-lymphocytic leukemia (ATL) and a chronic degenerative neurologic disorder، called tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). HTLV infection can be transmitted through different ways: from mother to child or fetus، sexual intercourse، transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products، and sharing contaminated syringe needles. As the presence of these infections in high risk groups can be an approximate indicator of their prevalence in the society and blood donors، in this study was tried to find prevalence of HTLV in HIV positive or negative intravenous drug users (IVDU; patients with major thalassemia، and hemodialysis patients، in Sanandaj.

This descriptive study included 351 cases: 130 HIV positive and 110 HIV negative intravenous drug users (IVDU)، 46 cases of major thalassemia، and 65 hemodialysis patients. All participants completed written informed consent forms. After obtaining blood samples and serum separation، all specimens were kept in freezer at -20oC up to the time of analysis. Serum samples were screened for measurement of the titers of HTLV I&II antibodies by Dia-Pro ELISA kits، manufactured in Italy. Positive and suspicious reactions were reanalyzed. For confirmation of positive and suspicious reactions، samples with one positive reaction were examined by use of western blot kid (HTLV blot 2. 4، manufactured by MP Diagnostics in Switzerland). Data were entered into SPSS 16 software and the prevalence rates of these viruses were obtained by using frequency distribution table.

The results of this study showed that one HIV positive، one HIV negative patient and another patient with major thalassemia were HTLV I positive (0. 85%). None of the hemodialysis patients had antibody against HTLV type 1. We did not find any antibody against HTLV type 2 in our study.

The prevalence rate of HTLV (types 1 and 2) among these high risk groups was not high in Sanandaj. This may reflect its low prevalence in general population and in blood donors. However، it is necessary to take preventive measures to reduce its spread. To assess the exact prevalence rate we recommend screening of all donated blood samples and general population.

Sialic acid binding adhesin gene is one of the most important factors contributing to adhesin of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to epithelial cell layer of stomach. The prevalence rates of sialic acid binding adhesin gene vary in different geographic areas. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sialic acid binding adhesin coding gene in the patients with different gastroduodenal diseases.

This is a cross-sectional study. One hundred twenty patients with GI symptoms were enrolled in this study. Two gastric biopsy specimens were taken from each of the patients for rapid urease test (RUT) and DNA extraction. Presence of H. pylori was investigated by RUT and urease A gene (ureA) PCR. sialic acid binding adhesin gene was detected by using gene specific primers.

Among 120 samples، presence of H. pylori was confirmed in 82 cases، of which 64 strains (78%) were positive for sialic acid binding adhesin gene. The frequency of this gene was 84. 6%، 86. 7%، 77. 8% and 72. 2% for gartric cancer، gastric ulcer، duodenal ulcer and gastritis (%66. 7) respectively.

The frequency of sialic acid binding adhesin gene in different samples was almost the same. Discrepancies in the frequency of this gene in different studies may be related to geographical diversity or use of different primers for detection of this gene.