نشریه راهبردهای آموزش در علوم پزشکی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 20، تابستان 1392)

Promotion of the Professional Ethics at the University depends on the human thought of university’s organizational culture. organizational culture is considered as one of the main factors in the progress or faillure of the organizations. The purpose of the present research was investigating the relationship between organizational culture and professional ethic among the faculty members in Kashan University. This descriptive-correlative research was conducted on 260 faculty members of Kashan University and 110 members as the subjects of the study using stratified random sampling method proportional to thesample size. Organizational culture and professional ethic questionnaires were used for data collection. Collected data was analyzed by one sample T، Pearson correlation coefficient، regression and MANOVA tests by SPSS 16 statistical software. The means of organizational culture (4. 20 ± 0. 78) and professional ethic (4. 22 ± 0. 7) dimensions were higher than average level. Among the organizational culture factors، only risk-taking factors (p=0. 03; t=2. 22) and group-orientation (p=0. 045; t=1. 80) were able to predict the members’ professional ethic. There was just significant relationship between organizational culture and human munificence. Organizational culture affect the individual behaviore، organizational performance، job motivation، creativity and innovation، commitment and professional etic.

Nowadays، institutes of higher education encounter new challenges like any other organizations and require fundamental revisions and transformations in order to survive and adapt with the environment. Employing the Learning Organization’s characteristics can be considered as a solution to tackle the issue of environmental pressure in the universities. The present research was conducted aiming at investigating the Senge’s Learning Organization model at the Medical Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. This descriptive study was conducted among the faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad during the academic year 2011-2012 and 97 subjects were randomly selected. The standard questionnaire tool for assessment was in the form of forty items of answering package which were designed on the basis of five-point Likert Scale consisting of personal proficiencies، mental models، shared visions، team learning and systemic thinking. The SPSS 17 software، single-sample T-test and variance analysis were applied to analyze the achieved data. The medical school of the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad is in an average level in terms of the learning organization’s characteristics (t=3. 22; p=0. 008; 3. 01±0. 65). The usage rate of personal proficiencies (p=0. 019)، group learning (p=0. 05) and systemic thinking (p=0. 001) were significant. There was no significant difference between the viewpoints of the faculty members with different degrees regarding the learning organization’s characteristics. The status of the medical school of the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad is not in a favorable level as learning organization.

Universities and other higher education institutes play critical role in the development of the knowledge-oriented social. Intellectual capital is the main element in achieving the stable competitive advantage. This study was conducted aiming at examining the role and relationship between intellectual capital and the performance of university system. This study was a survey which was conducted in 2002 in the 6 universities of Iran، and two sample groups were included in the study. Research instrument consisted of two university expert researcher-made questionnaires and the intellectual capital condition poll in universities. For data analysis، Pearson correlation test، stepwise regression، single-sample T-test and multivariable variance analysis (ANOVA) were used and analysed in SPSS 13 statistical software. University system performance mean was 52. 87±36. 30 in faculty members’ opinion and had significant and positive relationship with human capital، relationship capital، and structural capital. There was a significant relationship between academic system performance and subcomponent of faculty members، student، personnel، cultural organization، relationship with industry، and scientific interactions. There was significant difference between the human capital component and relational capital between universities. However; there was no significant relationship between structural capitals between universities. Intellectual capital components have influence on the academic system performance. Moreover، In accordance with the average condition of Iran universities in these components، more desirable management of the intellectual capital in the universities and higher education institutes causes academic system performance improvement.

Inquiry about learning styles and their relationship with academic improvement cause movement toward desired learning. The purpose of the present research was to examine the relationship between learning styles and age، gender، and academic status of the students. This descriptive-correlation research was conducted in Khalkhaal Branch of PNU on all boys and girls university students studying in educational semester of 2011-12. One hundred and fifty subjects were chosen using stratified sampling. The Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) of Witkin was used as data collection tool. The mean of the first semester scores of students was considered as academic status index. Pierson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were used in order to evaluate the relationship between learning styles and their components with age، gender، and academic achievement. The mean group of 16. 00-16. 99 had the highest learning style numerical value (17. 2±1. 62) and the mean group of 14. 00-14. 99 had the lowest learning style numerical value (11. 6±1. 54). Furthermore، the effect of age on the FI learning style was significant and on the FD learning style was not significant. The correlation between FI learning style، FD learning style and the learning style as a whole with academic status was significant، all predicting the academic status. Age and gender affect the learning style. Younger students and girls have more tendencies toward learning style which is dependent to the educational environment.

Emphasize on permanent learning of personnel is one of the proper ways for gaining stable competitive advantage. In competitive situation، based on extent of cost over profit، E-learning is the best choice. The aim of the present research was analyzing personal، professional، organizational and educational factors and determining the level of their effectiveness on e-learning. This descriptive-correlative research was done in Payagostar communication industries’ personnel that were covered with E-learning during 2010-11. 201 individuals elected via simple randomly approach. Two-section researcher-made questionnaire was used for gathering data. SPSS 18 software and discovering factor analyze method، as multiple variable and dependent analyzing method، was used to analyze the data. Believing in continuous training was the most and presenting training certificate was the least important effective variable about E-learning in personnel viewpoint. The management sponsorship of e-learning and courses’ easy applicability had the most (0. 967) and attention to characters of organization and personnel in designing the courses had the least factor role (0. 504). 4 main factors totally estimated 69. 92% of total variance. Personal، professional، organizational and educational factors are effective on e-learning.

Anatomy is one of the fundamental bases of medical science which its learning is essential for every student of different majors of medicine. Quality promotion of this course will not become possible unless by exact cognition of its elements. This study aimed to find the best method of teaching and most effective factors on teaching anatomy in student''s viewpoint. This descriptive study was performed in 2008-09 entry continuous bachelor students of para-medicine of Babol University of Medical Sciences by head-counting method. 167 students fill questionnaire and entered the study. Questionnaire used for collecting data was self-made and contained 15 questions about theoretical and practical teaching methods، lecturer''s assessment process and the effective factors for quality promotion of student''s learning such as physical circumstance of class، lecture time and seats arrangement. Data was analyzed by means of Pearson correlation and regression statistic tests in SPSS 18 software. in student''s view، reviewing theory lessons in practical class، U-form arrangement of seats in class، holding practical classes، end-course assessment by combinative methods، class quizzes and increasing time of classes، promoting teaching methods of lecturers، holding the anatomy classes in 8-10 AM and presenting the abstract subjects taught by lecturer on the end of each class had positive effect on anatomy learning. Using appropriate coeducational equipment and improving lecturer''s teaching skills can make a big step in the elevation of students learning in Anatomy lesson.

Amis: Needs assessment is one of the most controversial concepts in the field of social services، education and training and curriculum planning. This study aimed to assess and prioritization the needs of first aid trainer’s of West Azarbaijan Red Crescent Society in the viewpoint of experts، educational managers and trainers. This survey- descriptive research was performed in experts، educational managers and trainers of West Azarbaijan Red Crescent Society in 2010. 189 individuals were selected by simple randomly sampling method. Data were gathered by a questionnaire with 30 questions about educational needs of first aid trainers. Friedman and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for data analyses by using SPSS 14 statistical software. There was a significant difference between the needs prioritization of trainers and educational managers (p=0. 001). The most important need was “holding non-attendance courses by sending selftraining books and supplies” in trainers’ viewpoint and “Familiarity with the methods and techniques of teaching and class managing” in managers’ viewpoint. All over، the difference between two groups was high in needs prioritization. Although the trainers and educational managers of Red Crescent Society have serious differences in needs prioritization، but both groups recognize “holding retraing courses and providing the latest cases of teaching first aid during the year” the most and “Familiarity with bone and joint injuries” the least needs in educational field.

Internal evaluation demonstrates the justification of the members of each group about their practical procedures and the rate of aims achievement and is an opportunity for its quality improvement. The aim of this study was internal evaluation of the Oral Health & Community Dentistry Department of Tehran University of Medical sciences. Present cross-sectional study was carried out، in Oral Health & Community Dentistry Department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2008 and the group manager، internal evaluation committee staffs، faculty members، students’ in field education personnel and managers and some alumni members were selected for study. Each group’s questionnaire was designed in 10 fields of purposes and aims، organizational and management structure، faculty members، educational courses and curriculum، teaching and learning process، educational and research equipment، educational fields of students in society، students، research and alumni. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11. 5 statistical software and Chi Squar and ANOVA tests. The weakest point of Oral Health & Community Dentistry Department was “Low experience and lack of a suitable model for the establishment of the group in Iran”، the strongest point was “presence of young and interested faculty members”، the most threatening point was “limited financial resources of the group” and the most important opportunity was “active participation of group members in activities”. The status of Oral Health & Community Dentistry Department was nearly good in all 10 studied fields.

Organizational learning is a dynamic process which enable the organization to fit fastly with changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational learning and empowerment in the viewpoint of nurses as the great sources of organizational knowledge and knowledge transfering in hospitals. This descriptive-correlative study was performed in 1200 membered nurses society of 4 Tehran University of Medical Sciences’ hospitals between October 2012 and March 2013. 310 nurses were selected by simple randomized sampling method. Data gathering instrument was a standard questionnaire with 3 different parts of demographic data، Gomez 16 questions and 20 questions about employee empowerment. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18 software by Pearson correlation، Independent T and ANOVA tests. The mean of nurses’ organizational learning score was 2. 99±0. 73 and of nurses’ empowerment was 3. 60±0. 57. The strongest correlation of empowerment was with “open space and experimentation” dimension (r=0. 51) and the weakest was with “systematic view” dimension (r=0. 39). There were significant differences between empowerment (p=0. 023) and “open space and experimentation” dimension (p=0. 005) and sex. Also، a significant relation was observed between “systematic view” dimension (p=0. 015) and nurses’ employment type. There is a strong relation between organizational learning and its dimensions with empowerment.

In regard to the main philosophy of virtual a university that is fundamental changes in instructional area and also roles of teachers and students، the most appropriate approach for designing and implementing virtual universities is an interactive approach. This approach emphasizes the importance of interaction and cooperation in a virtual educational environment. The purpose of this research was to offer a solution for implementing the interactive approach in virtual universities. In this review study it was tried to offer a solution for implementing the interactive approach in virtual universities of Iran by reviewing and analyzing the most important theoretical and research documents available. Electronic search carried out in valid sites and some books with keywords like electronic learning، virtual university forms، virtual university of Iran and interactive approach. Application of Web 2. 0 and its tools as a new solution for achieveing the interactive approach in virtual universities is defensible; the potentials and tools of Web 2. 0 had necessary criteria for developing virtual university with dominance of interactive approach. The most important outcomes of using Web 2. 0 and its tools (weblog، wiki، podcast and social networks) in virtual university like changing in the role of teacher and student، high quality learning، development of critical thinking skills، creative thinking and problem solving، organizing of cooperative groups and interactive-based environment make the context of designing and implementing interactive virtual university with the axis of interactive approach.