پژوهش نامه مدیریت تحول
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 8، پاییز و زمستان 1391)

Government capacity and governance capacity are the new concepts in the literature of public administration and political science. Beside these concepts, there are other concepts that points at the capacity of institutions, and non-government organizations. Non-governance capacity has measured in such dimensions as the capacity of media, political parties, research institutions, pressure groups, private sector, and citizens. The innovative point in this article is the introduction of a model to recognize non- governance capacities in different countries. The study validates a conceptual model to measure the non-governance capacities in a quantitative approach, in which data is collected from different countries. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the collected data. The results confirmed the validity of the conceptual model. In this model, the non-governance capacity measured by four subscales including; media capacity, research organizations capacity, citizen’s capacity and private sector capacity. For this measurement, data for 40 indicators from 159 countries were collected.

One important question in the field of workplace spirituality concerns the relationship of this construct with employee work attitudes. Thus, to examine direct and indirect impact of spirituality at work on organizational citizenship behavior of employees of Shiraz University with emphasis on organizational commitment, four hypotheses were suggested. SEM, partial least square method employing Smart PLS software was used to analyze data collected from 155 employees in order to examine structural and measurement models and verify the hypotheses. The results showed that the proposed theoretical model can predict the employees’ behavior consequences, since the statistical test confirmed the significant direct relationships between the variables in the model were significant. The findings revealed that spirituality at work has a significant effect on employees’ helping behaviors, voice behaviors and the organizational commitment. Therefore, making the managers aware of this valuable factor and its proper use in advancing the organizational goals could have a significant impact on improving the organization’s performance.

Regarding the importance of entrepreneurial decision making process and due to the insufficiency of pervious research in considering qualitative aspects of the issue, this study aims to conceptualize entrepreneurial decision making process in small & medium size enterprises. For this purpose, the qualitative case study method was applied among Iranian prominent entrepreneurs in the year of 2009.The research findings suggest that entrepreneurial decision making process in small & medium size enterprises rely on guideline consist of; searching for information, recognition of the available and feasible decision alternatives, investigating and evaluating environmental factors affecting enterprises, evaluating the risks of each decision alternative, dealing with the problems & bottlenecks, regarding others suggestions, utilizing personal experiences, and relying on personal intuition & cognitive biases.

The purpose of the present study is to provide a conceptual model to define the relation between organizational justice and individual resistance against the commitment to the planned organizational changes. To assess the conceptual model, three governmental, public and private organizations were selected and studied. The statistical population consisted of 1050 managers and employees of the three organizations from which a sample of 281 using Cochran's formula and proportional categorized random sampling method, was selected. In this research, 2 main hypotheses and 6 sub-hypotheses were tested at the 99% confidence level; the direct relation of organizational justice and the reverse relation of individual resistance against planned organizational changes were confirmed. Also, the results indicated that “organizational justice” and “commitment to changes” perceived by the managers and staff in private organization were more than public and governmental organizations. Additionally, in the studied population, “transactional justice” is more desirable than other indices of organizational justice. The assessment of individual resistance in three organizations indicated that the index of “low motivation for change” in private organization and “improper change perceptions” in governmental and public organizations are the most important reasons for resistance against organizational changes. Among the studied demographical variables, commitment to changes has just been influenced by “education level” variable.

This study was carried out to evaluate scientific production in the area of change management with the aims of reflecting knowledge growth, highlight the weaknesses and strengths of the databases, and to assist researchers to manage and plan their future work in their fields of interest. This is a survey study and its subjects of study were all titles indexed in Thomson Reuter’s databases in this area from 1990 to 2009. Findings showed that 2530 documents have been indexed during this period. Most documents have been published between 2006 and 2010. The annual growth rate for publications is 78.80 percent. Findings also show that 6,105 authors have been involved in the production of this number of titles among them S. Lee is at the top and Penamora, Hicks, Towill were at the second and third places. These documents have been produced by 80 countries among them U.S. and England were at the first and second places. 1173 journals published this amount of documents among them “Journal of Organizational Change Management” occupied the first rank. These documents have been published in 11 different languages of which English was the prominent language. They have been published in 12 different formats, of which article was the prominent one. This number of documents has received 20,778 citations, totally. The article titled "Tightening the iron cage – concertive control in self-managing Teams” received 401 citations, placing it at the top of the list.

Knowledge sharing appears to be vital in organizations where interpersonal trust and trust in management is an important issue. Since the relationship between interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing is not obvious, this study analyzes the relationship between trust in management and knowledge sharing through "fear of losing one’s personal value" and "knowledge documentation" as intermediate variables. The research methodology is descriptive- correlation and because of limited number of research population (9 employees of Mashhad municipality), data was collected from the whole population. Lisrel Software was used for data analysis. The results of this research contribute to both managerial and theoretical levels. For managerial level, it emphasizes on individual’s main role in the knowledge sharing process into knowledge documentation and fear of losing one’s personal value. In theoretical level, our research provides empirical evidence for two mechanisms that help to explain the impact of trust in management on knowledge sharing.

Present study aims to identify influential dimensions affecting level of entrepreneur's decision maker cognitive complexity with regard to the importance of cognition and its complex pattern on the process of entrepreneurial decision making. Qualitative stage of this mix method research was conducted at early stage by formation of a focus group consisted of superior entrepreneurs in 2009-2010 and later by experts in entrepreneurship and decision making fields. Data collected was analyzed using content analysis which resulted in designing research questionnaire. In second stage, a quantitative research conducted among a sample of superior entrepreneurs working in Tehran province. Results showed that cognitive complexity of decision maker entrepreneurs compose of three indicators including cognitive representations, knowledge structures and cognitive maps, which is affected by dimensions including personal characteristics and environment. Personal characteristics indicators are tolerance for ambiguity; risk-propensity, self-efficacy and need for cognition and environment indicators are uncertainty, complexity, information dispersal and ambiguity.

Nowadays, the pioneer companies are trying to increase their profitability through satisfying the needs of their customers by using the best possible way. Therefore, market orientation strategy is considered to be the key to organizational success. Market orientation is a major issue in management of the market and potential customers and with its positive relation with the business performance of small firms, leads corporate performance towards customers and market needs. Therefore the current research studies the effect of market orientation on the relational capabilities of small companies of Kermanshah Industrial city. Seven hypotheses were proposed for this purpose. The research method, according to the purpose of applied research and the manner of data collection is a descriptive and the analyzing of the model specifically is based on structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS software. The Statistical population included managers of small and medium size enterprises operating in the city of Kermanshah. Stratified sampling method, observations related to the questionnaire and variables of each question of the hypothesis were presented with a scale of 1 to 20. The results of the current research showed significant meaningful positive correlation between market orientation and relational capabilities. The overall obtained results of testing the research hypotheses were confirmed the proposed relations of the research. In the studied model, the value of indexes of fit (CFI = 0.916 and NFI =0.909) demonstrated the suitability of the model.