فصلنامه گنجینه اسناد
پیاپی 89 (بهار 1392)

The purpose of this research is to study the forms of land ownership in Sistan from the Safavid era until the era of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The research hypothesis is that ownership in Sistan was affected by political and governmental trends. Using library and descriptive-analytic method، this research describes various ownerships in Sistan and their consequences on the basis of historical records and reports. Findings/ The findings show that in Sistan in the Safavid era various types of ownership existed but during the era of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar all lands were owned by the government until Reza Shah، for the first time، took some measures for dividing lands among the people of Sistan. However، despite expectations، these efforts did not lead to the complete improvement of the lives of farmers and retaining of their rights. Nevertheless، this may be regarded as the first step toward relative improvement and the stabilization of private ownership.

The Bayat Makoui Khans were forced to migrate to Maku during the reign of Shah Abbas Safavid II (1642 - 1666) in order to protect this border area under the observation of the rulers of this region. The primary origin and housing of a group of the Bayats of Maku was the Iravan Region. This fact played a key role in the relations of Bayats of Maku with the Qafqaz Region and with other members of the Bayat clan in this region. Gradually، with the weakness of other rulers of the northwestern region of the country and the reduction in the power of the central government of Iran، the Bayats of Maku became the dominating power in the Maku Region. Since Maku came to share borders with Russia and the Ottoman Empire due to the Treaty of Turkmenchay، the Bayats of Maku played an important role in the changes in this region. The members of Bayat clan in Maku، after their initial separation from other members of the clan in Iravan، restored their relations with them. These relations with the other side of Aras became more consistent during the reign of Morteza Gholi Khan Eqbal al-Saltaneh (1899-1923). He developed these relations in order to maintain his reign in Maku. In this paper we discuss the relations of Bayat Makoui rulers and khans with the other side of Aras.

The aim of this research is to study the role of the Tourism Organization in developing the tourism industry during the era of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi from 1941 to 1979. This research uses descriptive-analytic method and is based on historical records. Findings/ Due to its eminent geographical and historical position and its numerous tourist attractions، Iran is of special importance to tourists. However، the mere existence of attractions cannot be effective in attracting tourists and infrastructural measures must be implemented to develop tourism. During the Pahlavi era the tourism industry faced failures، the most important of which was the lack of public participation and the inattention of the government to the values of the society. These were among the influential factors that led to failure in the sustainable development of tourism. Despite the many efforts of the Tourism Organization for developing tourism، this industry was not as successful as expected.

In recent centuries، one of the aims of western colonizers in Iran has been to attack religious and traditional values including «the hijab of women». The measure of Reza Shah against the hijab of women، imitating the western culture، was a tangible and harsh example of this cultural attack. Reza Shah claimed that if people wear unified clothes and Pahlavi hats and if their religious beliefs weaken، they will become civilized. On this basis، struggling against traditional and religious symbols such as traditional clothes and their wearing was a necessary measure. Reza Shah thought of “civilizing” Iran from the beginning of his reign. The unification of clothes in 1928 and the attire of the Shah''s family members and other symptoms confirmed this fact. Reza Shah''s trip to Turkey reinforced this viewpoint and after this trip، Reza Shah raised the issue of the freedom of women and of unveiling them. January 8، 1936 was the day in which Iran moved into the arena of “civilizing”. On this day the ban on hijab was publicly announced، and the spreading of this news aggravated social reactions including the Goharshad Mosque uprising. This paper aims to answer this question: what are the causes، background and consequences of the unveiling in Iran? The answer to this question is based on the assumption that due to the resistance of women and ulama in front of the regime، the ban of hijab was not successful in Iran.

The aim of this research is to study the various types of damage to paintings in Golestan، Sahebgharanieh and Farah Abad palaces and the materials used for repairing the damage. It also investigates the subject diversity of the paintings and the specialized issues in the field of conservation and preservation in that era on the basis of available records. Methodology/Approach: In order to carry out this research and to reach its goals، library method was used and relevant records were studied. Having accurate and clear information about the former status of a cultural-historical object is very useful in preserving and repairing it and the studied records، due to the information existing in them، can play an important role in this regard. Based on the findings، the spilling of paint، punctures، tears and stains were the most important types of damage to the paintings described in the studied records. The number of paintings mentioned in the records is 464 and the subjects of the paintings were very diverse. Oil and alcohol were used to repair the damaged paintings. The list of costs of repairs to the paintings and frames was prepared by Hossein Sheikh Naghash and Nejat Ali Ghabsaz. They possessed adequate expertise in oil painting and frame production as experts of the Crafts Ministry in that period.

This research aims to study the methods for information management (organization، storing، and retrieval) in the virtual museums of Iran. Methodology/Approach: The research method is descriptive survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The research population consists of all the virtual museums affiliated to Iran''s Cultural Heritage، Handcrafts and Tourism Organization. The findings of the research show that 94. 44 percent of the museums use Jaam Software and metal objects (55. 55 percent) are the most frequent objects in the virtual museums. In 44. 4 percent of the museums، the relation between the objects of the museum and the software used is weak in terms of information organization، and revision is desirable. Furthermore، the findings showed that the software is better at storing and retrieving information; however، some features should still be added. Moreover، the findings showed that in 94. 44 percent of the studied population، storing and retrieving information is done based on controlled language and thesaurus. The findings of the research show that virtual museums should use unit software for information management in order to have better relations to each other. They should also get help from information technology specialists beside archives and museums specialists in order to improve the software features.