فهرست مطالب
Iranian Journal of Health And Physical Activity
Volume:4 Issue: 1, 2013
- تاریخ انتشار: 1391/11/15
- تعداد عناوین: 10
-
Page 1PurposeHypertension is a major public health problem worldwide and is the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of regular aerobic training on inflammatory and toxicity markers in right ventricle tissue of male wistar rats exposed to chronic nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester(L-NAME)-induced hypertension.Material And MethodsThirty two adult, male, Wistar rats were randomly classified into 4 groups; aerobic training, L-NAME, saline, and baseline groups. Hypertension was induced by administration of L-NAME (10 mg/kg) 6 sessions a week and for 8 weeks. Aerobic training was performed between 25 to 64 minutes and at the speed of 15 to 22 m/min, 5 sessions a week and for 8 weeks.ResultsChronically administration of L-NAME caused a significant increase in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, as compared to saline and baseline groups. In contrast, 8 weeks of aerobic training caused a significant increase in SOD, and NO and a significant decrease in IL-6 and protein carbonyl (PC), as compared to L-NAME and saline groups. Discussion andConclusionThese findings suggest that aerobic training could have a protective effect against inflammation and toxicity caused by hypertension the in right ventricle tissue through up-regulating antioxidant systems and down-regulating the inflammatory and vasoconstrictor factors in hypertensive rats.Keywords: Oxidative injury, Endurance exercise, Cardiovascular disease, Inflammation, Hypertension
-
Page 9PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six weeks of aerobic training, with and without extract of Jujuba, on fundus nesfatin-1, ATP concentration, plasma High-density lipoprotein (HDL), and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in female rats.Material And Methods28 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to Saline-control, Saline-training, Jujuba-control and Jujuba-training groups. Training groups were given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 35 m/min (0% grade) for 60 min/day and 5 days/week for six weeks. Animals were fed orally, with Jujuba extraction and Saline (3 weeks, 60 mg per 100 g body weight). 72 hours after the last training session and after four hours of fasting, the rats were sacrificed, and their fundus tissue was excised. Some plasma was also collected for plasma variable measurements. All variables were compared using one way analyzes of variances. Correlations were calculated using the Pearson Product Moment correlation. All P valuesKeywords: Aerobic training, Nesfatin, 1, Female rat, Zizyphus jujuba water extraction
-
Page 17PurposeAcute preparation for agility and power should contain an optimal warm-up which includes stretching movements. Researchers reported that static stretching (SS) deteriorates performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine and compare the effects of applying static and dynamic stretching in a pre-exercise warm-up on the power and agility of the university soccer players.Material And MethodsNineteen university soccer players (height: 173.37 ± 7.64 m; mass: 68.12 ± 8.69 kg; age: 25.00 ± 4.56 years) were tested for agility and power using the Illinois agility test and vertical jump test respectively after different warm-up protocols: Static stretching (SS), dynamic stretching on standing position (DS), dynamic exercise combined with galloping motions (DE), and no stretching (NS).ResultsThere were significant increases in vertical jump records after DS (50.37 ± 5.23 cm) compared to SS (47.31 ± 5.36 cm) and NS (48.02 ± 3.62 cm) (p < 0.002 and p < 0.01, respectively). In addition, there were significant decreases in agility time after DS (16.65 ± 0.54 s) as compared to SS (17.21 ± 0.64 s) and NS (16.97 ± 0.85 s) (p < 0.019 and p < 0.031, respectively). Discussion andConclusionIt seems that DS improves fitness performance due to it higher post activation potentiation while SS impairs performance because of reducing muscle stiffness. Therefore, we concluded that university soccer players would probably enjoy better agility and power performances after DS. It is also possible that with more DE training they could adapt their bodies to this type of stretching and make use of its advantages.Keywords: Soccer, Dynamic Stretching, Power, Agility, Warm, up
-
Page 23PurposeThis study is to investigate the impact of an eight-week morning aerobic training on some hematological parameters in young, active males.Material And Methods26 male, university students without any previous smoking experiences or regular exercise programs (age, 19/23 1/07 years and BMI, 22/53 5 kg/m2) were randomly selected and divided into two groups: control and exercise. The exercise group (13 students) did an 8-week aerobic training three times a week with the intensity of 55% to 75% of maximum heart rate but the control group just (13 students) did their everyday activities. Blood samples were collected before the first session of aerobic training and after the last session, at a specific time (7:00 a.m.) from both control and exercise group. The second blood samples were collected after the heart rate of the exercise group returned to its resting values and were used to examine the following parameters: clotting and bleeding times, amount of fibrinogen, hemoglobin, hematocrit and number of red and white blood cells and platelets. A timer, a fibrinogen kit and a cell counter were used in this phase. Student t-test and paired T-test were run to analyze the obtained results. The significance level was set at P= 0.05.ResultsThe findings showed that during an 8 – week morning exercise the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin levels, and hemotocrit percentage increased. Fibrinogen levels and prothrombin formation time have also increased significantly (P≤0.05), while the bleeding times and the number of platelets decreased significantly. Discussion andConclusionThe findings of this study reveal that an eight – week morning aerobic training does not have any negative effect on hematological parameters of young, active males with healthy metabolic, kidney and cardiorespriatory systems.Keywords: Hematological factors, Morning aerobic training, Active males
-
Page 29PurposeThe results of researches have shown that blood components and elements may change by performing various physical exercises, such that some of these changes can result in anemia in both athletes and non-athletes individuals. The present study aims to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on VO2max and hematologic indices in 30-45 year old non-athlete women in the city of Galugah.Material And MethodsThe method of this study is quasi-experimental including a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The participants of the study consisted of 30 non-athlete women with Mean (age of 36.9 ± 4/5 yrs, weight of 74.09 ± 11/9 kg, height of 158.30 ± 4/9 cm and BF= 39/55± 11/5). The training protocol included 8 weeks of aerobic training (3 sessions per week, each comprising 60 minutes running exercise at 60-70% maximum heart rate across 1600 meters). In order to investigate the studied variables Blood samples were collected and examined during 2 phases, both before and after 8 weeks of training protocol. Dependent t test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test obtained means of each group, and independent t test was applied to compare the groups at α=0.05.Resultsfollowing 8 weeks of aerobic training, RDW changes (RBC distribution range) was not significant despite significant increases in VO2max, RCB, HCT and Hb as well as significant decreases in iron, ferritin, MCV, MCH and MCHC. VO2max values significantly increased in the experimental group comparing with the control group. Ferritin, iron, RBC, MCV and MCH values significantly decreased in the experimental group in the post-test comparing with the control group whereas Hct, Hb and RDW values increased in the control group comparing with the experimental group, though the variations were not significant. And also the MCHC values of control group in the post-test had an insignificant increase compared with the experimental group. Discussion andConclusionResults have shown that aerobic training can cause variations in hematological indices in middle-aged women. And also aerobic training not only has favorable effects on cardiovascular adaptation, but also is the most effective factor in increasing aerobic capacity (Vo2max).Keywords: Aerobic training, Red blood cell, Iron, Ferritin, Hematologic indices
-
Page 37PurposeChanges in the amount of leptin and its relation with the calorie intake after adaptation to aerobic exercise are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two months of aerobic training on calorie intake and the levels of plasma leptin and insulin in young men.Material And MethodsTwenty three male students (age= 19.58 ± 2.12 yr; BMI= 21.63 ± 2.7 kg/m²; weight= 64.86 ± 6.46 kg) were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental subjects performed aerobic trainings at 60-85% of their maximum heart rate, three times a week and for eight weeks. 72 hours prior to and after the eight-week aerobic training program, the subjects performed exhaustive exercise and their blood samples were taken in four stages in a non-fasted state before and after the exhaustive exercise.ResultsThe findings of this study showed that aerobic training had no significant effect on plasma leptin (P=0.16), insulin concentration (P=0.06) and calorie intake (P=0.63) at the rest state after exhausting exercise while there were significant decreases in glucose (P=0.003) levels after exhaustive exercise. Discussion andConclusionLack of significant variations in weight and remarkable negative balance are possible reasons why no change occurred in leptin and calorie intake after aerobic training. It seems that the volume and intensity of training must be higher to induce changes in plasma leptin as this index is highly stable.Keywords: Leptin, Calorie intake, Aerobic training, Exhaustive exercise, Young men
-
Page 44PurposeExpertise in sport relies on interactions between individual, task and environment constraints. Individual performer constraints include mental and physical characteristics. The present study aimed to measure the functional capacities and mental skills in adolescent, elite (N=26) and sub-elite (N=35) soccer players to determine the important factors in the talent selection process.Material And MethodsParticipants were classified in four groups according to their age: U16, U15, U14 and U13. The OMSAT-3 was used to evaluate the mental skills. Furthermore, functional capacities were measured using four tests including aerobic resistance (shuttle run), explosive power (vertical jump), running speed (running with the ball) and strength (shooting).ResultsThe results of the present study showed a significant difference between elite and sub-elite soccer players in three functional and seven mental characteristics. There were significant differences between elite and sub-elite soccer players regarding functional capacities between U15 and U16 players. Also, mental skills differentiated between elite and sub-elite players in U13, U14 and U16 age groups. Discussion andConclusionIt seems that soccer players lacking functional capacities and mental skills may not continue the participation and/or may not be selected for higher level participations. These results suggest that performance and psychometric characteristics of young soccer players differ at different ages. According to the results it seems that mental skill measurements at ages under 13 and 14 can help the selection process, but functional capacities should be emphasized at U15 and U16 age groups.Keywords: Soccer, Elite, sub, elite players, Talent, Functional capacities, Mental skills
-
Page 51PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of traditional and cluster resistance training on explosive power in soccer players during pre-seasonal preparation.Materials And Methods22 male, soccer players (mean age 24/68±3/13 years, mean height 176 ± 0.41cm, and mean body mass 71/05 ± 6/51 kg) were selected as available samples and performed a 10-week resistance training protocol that included three stages; [1] Hypertrophy (4 weeks), [2] Strength (3 weeks) and [3] Power (3 weeks). The subjects were evaluated after 4 weeks of hypertrophy phase for maximum strength and power. They were then divided into two squat training groups, with respect to their recorded one repetition maximum: [1] Traditional training (TT) group (N=11) and [2] Cluster training (CT) group (N=11). Each group performed strength and power trainings for 6 weeks. Data was analyzed using Repeated Measures (ANOVA) at a Significance level of (P)Keywords: Soccer, Cluster training, Traditional training, Explosive power
-
Page 57PurposeObesity is considered a growing cause of cardiovascular diseases. The cellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules have been identified as the new inflammatory indicators of forecasting and predicting cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of selected aerobic activities and consumption of omega-3 supplementation on plasma concentrations of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in elderly obese women.Material And MethodsIn a double-blinded study, 40 obese women (BMI ≥ 30) 55 to 65 years old, were selected in a non-random and easily-accessible way and were randomly categorized into 4 groups of 10 individuals: exercise-placebo, exercise-supplements, supplements, and placebo. Subjects in the supplement groups consumed 2080 mg of omega-3 supplement for 8 weeks and placebo groups used sunflower oil produced in Zachariah Company, as placebo. Exercise program included aerobic exercise activities at 45 to 60 percent of maximum heart rate for 8 weeks, three 60-minute sessions per week. After 12 h fasting in the pre-test and 48 h fasting after the last training session, blood sampling was conducted. Data analysis included paired-t test and two-way ANOVA and was carried out using SPSS software (version 16).ResultsThe obtained results showed that there was a significant interaction between exercise and supplements in reducing serum sICAM-1 factor, suggesting that sICAM- 1 reduction was both influenced by the separate effects of supplements and exercise, and the combined intervention of both exercise and supplements which had a synergistic effect on reducing the concentrations of this inflammatory factor. In addition, serum sVCAM-1 decreased significantly only in the exercise-supplement group (combined) (P < 0.05). Discussion andConclusionThe results indicated that considering sensitivity and accuracy of new inflammatory indices, measuring these indicators could be useful in the diagnosis of inflammation and vascular disorders. Besides, regular aerobic exercise and omega-3 supplements are two effective and moderating factors reducing the level of adhesion molecules (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) and inflammationKeywords: sICAM, 1, sVCAM, 1, Cardiovascular diseases, Omega, 3, Elderly women
-
Page 67PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in professional cyclists of Iran and Tour-de-France.Material And Methods40 professional cyclists [(13 professional cyclists having participated in Iran’s first class cycling competitions and 27 professional cyclists of Tour-de-France, age26.17±4.23 yr, height 178.85±7.09 cm, weight 72.50±9.48 kg, cycling participation background 7±2.4 yr))] took part in this study. Data were collected using the BMD assessing device Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). A medical history form was also filled out by a specialist physician. In this research BMD of the lumbar vertebral and femoral neck was measured. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential (Pearson-Correlation Coefficient) statistics was done using SPSS software.ResultsThe results of this study showed that there was not any significant relationships between BMI and body weight, and BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in professional cyclists (p>0.05). Discussion andConclusionTherefore, BMI and body weight are not good predictors of BMD in professional cyclists. However further studies are required to investigate the effect of other factors such as exposure to sunlight, calcium intake, and individual habits like diet, on the BMD of professional cyclists.Keywords: Osteoporosis, Body weight, BMI, BMD, Cycling