فصلنامه پژوهش های فیزیولوژی و مدیریت در ورزش
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار 1390)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect the effect of supplementation with vitamin C and E on delayed onset of muscle soreness in none- athlete women. For this reason, 40 female non- athlete students were volunteered and randomized into vitamin C (n=10, 500 mg), vitamin E (n=10, 400 IU), vitamin C and vitamin E (n=10, 500 mg vitamin C and 400 IU vitamin E) and control groups (n=10). After one- month of supplementation with vitamin C and E, were measured delayed onset of muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase (pre- test). Then subjects performed a 30 min downhill run (-10%) on a treadmill at 65% Vo2max and after 24 hours variables of pre-test were measured again (post- test). Results of paired sample t-test showed: eccentric exercise increased significantly delayed onset of muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase in pre- test vs post- test (p<0.05). Using of one- way ANOVA test, supplementation with vitamin C and E had no significant effect on delayed onset of muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase in 4 groups (p>0.05). Inconclusion, supplementation with vitamin C and E can not effect on delayed onset of muscle soreness in none- athlete women.

The purpose of this research was design and codification of development strategy for athletics in Golestan province. statistical social of this research include 72 individuals of physical education professors of higher education institutes of province – (payam noor university، medical university of gorgan، educate teacher university، exhaustive scientific – functional university ann Azad Islamic universities. Manarer and experts of physical departments and other cities of province and manager of governmental section and private departments of province that had taken a role in athletics. Statistical sample of this research has 72 individuals that for determining the sample volume get the sample of limited social and used from Cocran formula. Means of data collecting made a questionnaire that is validity was confirmed by some of the learned professors and its reliability was verified. According to Cronbachs Alfa method (α 91%). The questionnaire included 46 runked questions about surveying the strengths and weakness, opportunity and threats of athletic sport in Golestan province. The research data were analyzed by trended descriptive statistics averages comparision the trended Frideman test. Finding research exhibited that Golestan province with 1/700/000 individuals of multilude (population) numbers of all functional sportsman was 59/000 individuals that proportion to entire of province 0/006 percentage of athletics that proved absent the one strategy development than athletics. To trend and considering the specific geographical reception emigration and unemployment rate of province we can by use codification of development strategy for athletics can submit practicable solution obtained based in data analyses to directors of physical education head office of province to be planned and organized and the suitable ground for strengthening the culture of athletics in the province. Employing all of the national and native capacities along growth and development of athletics for all in province. Result of this research ofter of analysing strengths and weakness points and opportunity، threats and organizing the evaluation Matrix of each internal and external factors in athletic sports in province are appeared physical departments of Golestan province. should use defensive strategy in athletics.

Beside of methadone maintenance therapy in opioid dependent patients, there are several relapsing during therapy which sometimes lead to failure of therapy. So this research aimed to study the effect of exercise on relapse prevention and increasing success of therapy. This trial was conducted between methadone maintenance patients of two clinics in Tehran. Thirty patients (20-40 yrs) were assigned in two groups randomly,15 patients as experimental group and 15 patients as control group. The experimental group did aerobic exercises for 40 -60 min three times a week for two months. The morphine of urine was checked during these two months. Eight patients in experimental group and twelve patients in control group remained in research and completed the study. Results of weekly urine morphine tests recorded as positive and negative results. Then abundance of negative results between two groups compared: 44 (46%) of 96 tests of experimental group and 60(39%) of 152 tests in control group became negative. Difference between two groups using Chisquare were significance.According to finding(relative increase of negative results of morphine tests in experimental group) exercise could reduce relapsing in treatment, increased maintenance and successful of treatment in opioid dependent patient.

In this study, we examined the effects of acute ingestion of a carbohydrate drink contain turine and caffeine or a placebo (P) on physiological responses, glucose levels and performance during runing exercise. ten healthy and trained male young athletes students (age: 23/80 ±1/22 years) exercised on a treadmill at 81/8% heart rate max, until exhaustion in a room maintained at temprature 23.9±0.2 oC and 64.2±1.6% relative humidity on two occasions,1-week apart. subjects received 6ml.kg- 1 body weight of D or P,30 minutes before starting of exercise bout, and they received 2ml.kg-1 body weight of D or P every 15 minutes During each exercise bout in a double-blind randomised study design. results showed no significant difference between D and P trials in the total work time to exhaustion (52/0±7/9and51/9±11/3min respectively)(p>0/05). Changes in heart rate, and RPE were similar with both type of drinks)(p>0/05). plasma glucose concentrations was significantly higher in drink group compared placebo)(p<0/05). Thus, it can be concluded that the ingredient in the drink did not provide added advantage to runing endurance performance.

Review of literature is vital in a research as it reviews previous related studies. In the present study, 2132 reviews in 64 doctoral and master’s theses in Physical Education Faculty in 1389 were investigated. To collect data, reviews in the ‘review of related literature’ section of doctoral and master’s theses fulfilled in 1389 in Physical Education Faculty on one hand and on the other hand, their references were investigated. The collected data were ranked every time based on one of the questions under study and then were analyzed by EXCEL software. The results showed between 300 and 800 reviews in each educational group and mean of reviews was between 24 and 45 in each doctoral/master’s thesis. Also, the investigation of library sources in the faculty showed that articles had the highest citation (70.1%); the investigation of review recency showed that sources earlier than 2001 had the highest citation (mean 41.8%).

More swimming coaches agree that Increment of muscle strength and power is major factor of swim training and through these factors Success in swimming is predictable. According to studies and the difference between the record’s Asia and Iran elite swimmers, the aim of present study was to determine the effect of an eightweek of selected resistance training protocol on 25-50-75 and 100 meters swimming records in female physical education students. 18 people of 42 female physical education students of P.E. coaching (21±1.1 years old, 164.15±2.5 cm length and 56±8.6 kg weight) selected randomly and divided to Experimental (the swimming training program + selected resistance training) and Control (the swimming training program) groups. The selected resistance training (6session/week) included muscle adaptations, strength, and power with 85% intensity of 1RM. After 8 weeks (2session/week) of swimming training, Mean± standard deviation, K-S test (to examine the normality of the groups) and Dependent and independent t-test (to determine the differences between the two groups) were used for data analyzing (α= 0.05). The results indicated that the selected resistance training increased power in Scott in the leg, hand flexion), opposite stretch of hand, flexion and extension of femur motions significantly. No significant changes were seen in swimming performance between two groups [25 m (P=0/42), 50 m (P=0/30), 75 m (P=0/31) and 100 m (P=0/32) after 8-week of selected resistance training protocol but the results showed significant reduction in 25 m[E:(P=0/03) &C: (P=0/08)], 50 m [E: (P=0/003)], 75 m [E: (P=0/008) &C: (P=0/008)] and 100 m [E: (P=0/03) &C: (P=0/003)] and no significant decrease in 50 m (P=0/98) on control group swimming records after 8 weeks swimming training in both experimental and control groups. Generally based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the most effect of the strength training was the last 25 meters of 100m speed swimming than other quartiles.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the socioeconomic status of women in the sport teams of Isfahan and the type of sport that they choose to practice. The statistical population includes 180 women who participated in the national championship competitions and leagues, representing the sport teams of Isfahan. Based on the all-counting method, this population was selected as the statistical sample. In order to collect information, a standard questionnaire to determine the socio-economic situation was used, which its credibility was endorsed by a number of experts in physical educations and sociology. This test was also examined on 30 persons from the sample under study and a Correlation Coefficient of 0.76 was yielded. Methodology of the present study is descriptive and correlative. In order to assess the independent variable, i.e. socio-economic situation, the observation method was used. It would imply that first the observatory parameters such as education, profession, income, etc., which are used to evaluate the socioeconomic situation, were considered and subsequently the level of benefiting from these parameters were used to determine the socio-economic situation of the individuals.In order to determine the relation between these parameters, based on whether these parameters are “ordinal” and “nominal”, the chi square test was carried out to assess the “correlation” yielded from the C contingency coefficient. Also, in order to investigate the correlation between the variables, the one dimensional chi square test was carried out for each sport separately. In order to compare the socioeconomic situation between individual and group sports, regarding that the measurement scale was “ordinal”, the non-parametric U Man-Vitny test was implemented.The results of this research indicated that there is a significant relation between the socioeconomic situation of sports-women and the type of sport that they choose. While most the sportswomen who play, basketball and handball belong to the middle socioeconomic class of the society, majority of respondents who play personal defense with cold arms are from the very lower socioeconomic class and the participants in volleyball and karate belong to the middle-lower class of the society. Moreover, there is a meaningful relation the family level of income- father education level and the type of sports they choose; while no significant relation was found between the type of sport and the social respect if the family’s profession. Also, there was no considerable difference observed in comparing the socioeconomic situation of participants in individual and group sports.Although the result of the present study indicated that the socio-economic situation of individuals could be a decisive factor to the type of sport they choose, this could not be generalized to all sports and sport communities. In other words, for the purpose of achieving more thorough conclusions, this topic has to be implemented in other sport branches and communities.

The purpose of this research was to compare level of satisfaction physical education students of University of Tehran and Tarbeyat Moalem University with respect to quality of training service based on SERVQUAL model. The statistical population consists all students of physical education in University of Tehran and Teacher Training University at first semester, academic year 2009-2010 (N=1150). Based on Morgan table and by using random classification method, 441 persons were selected as research sample. In order to obtain goals of research it was used from SERVQUAL self-made questionnaire tools; Reliability and validity of self-made questioner was assured through physical education experts and university teaching faculty members opinions. The pilot study as well as internal validity was found to be applicable by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (n=3o, α = 0.94). Collected data was analyzed by one sample t-test, paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test, by using SPSS software. The research finding showed that level of satisfaction, perceive and expectation of student at University of Tehran is higher than students of Tarbeyat Moalem University. Level of expectation of both students with respect to quality of educational service is higher than perceive. In relation to level of gap between expectations and perceive of students at both universities, this gap between students of Tarbeyat Moalem University is higher than students of University of Tehran. Generally results of research show that quality of educational service has great influence on satisfaction of students.