نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 46، تیر 1392)

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are the most common complications after surgery which could cause complications and problems for many patients and healthcare systems. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of oxygen therapy on postoperative nausea and vomiting after general surgical operations. This experimental study was performed on 46 patients undergoing general surgery in Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Anesthesia and drugs in intraoperative and postoperative periods were the same in the two groups. All patients received 50% oxygen during surgery. In intraoperative period all patients inhaled 50% oxygen balanced with N2O. The first group received 80% oxygen in postoperative period (study group)، and the second group received routine care of %30 oxygen in recovery room and no oxygen on surgical ward (control group). SPO2 and PONV were recorded in recovery and surgical wards. The results were analyzed using chi-square and t test. The rate of nausea and vomiting in intervention and control group patients in the recovery room did not show any significant difference (P>0. 05). The rate of nausea in both groups in surgery ward showed no significant difference (P>0. 05). The frequency of vomiting among intervention group patients was lower than controls patients and the difference was statistically significant (P=0. 01). The results showed that oxygen therapy has no effect on postoperative nausea and vomiting in short-term، but after several hours after surgery it could reduce vomiting in patients.

Poor adherence to dietary among dialysis patients is a common and serious problem among patients. Despite of the effectiveness of self-management programs in chronic diseases، few studies have been conducted in the importance of self-management programs in patients treated with hemodialysis. This study tries to determine the effect of self-management programs on dietary adherence and interdialytic weight gain in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This is a quasi - experimental study. The sample included 82 hemodialysis patients referred to Taleghani dialysis center، Urmia. Eligible patients were randomly divided into two groups، control and experimental. Data were obtained by using a demographic data form، and Renal Adherence Behavior Questionnaire before and after 12 weeks of intervention and they were analyzed by using descriptive statistics، paired t-test and independent samples t-test. There were no statistically significant differences Pre-test mean scores for adherence to dietary and fluid restriction and IDWG in both intervention and control groups. There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of pre-to post-intervention changes in sub scale fluid restriction adherence potassium phosphate and sodium restrictions (p<0/05) but there were no statistically significant differences in sub scale of self-care and adherence in particular times. The results of this study showed the impact of self-management programs on controlling the disease in hemodialysis patients. Due to the shortage nursing staff، and the importance of participating patients in the management of chronic diseases، developing self-management programs can be an alternative to the traditional training methods as well as the mentioned challenges.

Adolescence is a critical period in life with lots of change which can play an important role in the country''s future. At this period there is a great incident of anxiety disorder. Therefore، the present research was done to evaluate the effect of anxiety management skills on anxiety in Gorgan adolescent girls، 2010. This research is an experimental study which was done on 60 girl students in Gorgan high school. In this study a questionnaire was completed by girl students. The questionnaire consisted of two parts of demographic characteristics and Spielberger''s anxiety. The method of sampling was convenience. The samples were chosen based on internal criteria، and the sampling was continued up to 60 qualified people. Then they were divided in to two groups of intervention and control. The members of the intervention group were participated at the anxiety management classes. We used independent T test for comparing the anxiety means between control and intervention groups، and T test was carried out to compare the scores in each group. The results showed a significant difference in intervention group between anxiety means before and after training with P<0. 001، but in control group there was no significant difference. Learning anxiety management skills can decrease the rate of anxiety in girl students; therefore it can help them to overcome social problems.

Overweight and underweight are health threatening factors. The first step in combat with over and under weight is obtaining data about their prevalence and risk factors. We aimed to complete local and national science about prevalence of over and underweight and their related risk factors. This descriptive – analytical study conducted on a representative sample of boys who studied in guidance schools in Makoo. We randomly selected 650 students. Demographic data was obtained by a check list، food intake evaluated by validated food frequency questionnaire and physical activity was assessed by validated physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-C). Weight and height were measured by standard protocols and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Data was analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS. The prevalence of underweight، overweight and obesity was 12. 1%، 10. 8% and 8% respectively. This study showed an indirect correlation between physical activity and BMI، and direct correlation between parent educational level and BMI، and between times spent in sedentary activities (TV viewing and working with computer) and BMI. Obese students consumed more calories، but the difference between underweight، overweight and obese students in consumption of calories and macronutrients was not significant. This study showed high prevalence of underweight and overweight in boys who studied in guidance schools of Makoo. It seems that increasing of physical activity، reducing times spent in TV viewing and working with computer، and enhancing nutritional information of graduated parents are very important in control of overweight and obesity in boy adolescents of Makoo.

Nursing process is the important pivot of nursing، and it is an icon of the art and science application in the prevention of disease and promotion and maintaining of health. The ultimate goal of nursing services is improving the quality of patient care. One of the most important ways to improve the quality of nursing care is using evidence-based nursing educations. This study examines the impact of evidence-based nursing education in executive skill of nursing process among nursing students. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 48 students of third semester in the academic year of 2012-2013 in Urmia. Data sampling was available، and it was randomly divided into two groups: control (24)، and intervention (24). Students in the intervention group were trained in evidence-based nursing. They were evaluated how to write a nursing process in control and intervention groups by using a check list. The data was analyzed by using Chi2، independent t test and Mann Whitney methods of SPSS software. The results of this study showed that the students'' skills in nursing process based on evidence-based nursing education were better than the control group students (P<0. 001). Comparing the two groups، the mean difference between the two groups in clinical performance after the intervention had a significant difference (P<0. 001). Evidence-based nursing education improves the skills of the nursing process more than traditional method due to the strengthening and developing of critical thinking and creativity. Therefore it is recommended to use this method in clinical education.

Fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms in patients with respiratory disorders. In addition، among the chronic disease، lung disease have the highest prevalence of mental disorders. This study was applied to assess the relationship between fatigue and mental health in chemical victims with bronchiolitis obliterans.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study، 93 chemical warfare victims with bronchiolitis obliterans were selected who referred to respiratory clinic of Baqyatallah hospital. Fatigue and mental health were measured by fatigue severity scale (FSS) and general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS statically software.

The majority of subjects (80/6%) were suffering from severe fatigue. 77. 4% of them did not have desirable mental health. There was a significant relationship between fatigue and mental health (p<0. 0001).

Fatigue and poor mental health status in the study population suggested more attention to the methods of controlling these two variables in order to achieve health promotion and to improve quality of life in chemical warfare victims.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females. In Iran 10. 7% of cancers are related to breast cancer. Early detection by screening programs is a useful approach in controlling the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the health beliefs about breast self examination، mammography and clinical breast examination among female healthcare providers in Tabriz health centers. In this descriptive analytic study، 196 female healthcare providers were selected from Tabriz 52 health centers by cluster random sampling and their health beliefs are assessed by using Champion’s Health Belief Model questionnaire. Data analyzed by SPSS software. The mean age of participants was 37. 01± 7. 54 and 73. 5% of them were married and the job of 45. 6% was midwife. 73. 2% of participants performed BSE، 26. 6% of them performed mammography and 10. 7% of them performed CBE. There was a significant relation between job and marital status with BSE performing، marital status and age with mammography performing and age with CBE performing. The BSE performance was higher among nurses and midwifes. BSE and mammography performance were higher in married health workers. Health workers who performed mammography and CBE were older. The results of this study showed that the rate of BSE، CBE and mammography performance is low in Tabriz healthcare providers. So providing educational programs with focus on performance of early detection behaviors is strongly recommended by people in charge.

the use of innovative learning methods in nursing schools is necessary to improve the educational process. Using audience response systems are one of the ways can be used to enhance of learning components and more improvement in student learning. The aim of this study was to evaluate nursing student''s perception to use audience response systems in the classroom learning process. This study was a quasi-experimental intervention conducted during the training sessions in a period for 44 final year Nursing students in 2013، that the audience response system was used as an active learning technique. Data have been collected by the questionnaire included demographic information، 14 items with a Likert scale and 2 open-ended questions to assess students'' views of the strengths and weaknesses of this system And finally analyzed by SPSS statistical software (ver. 16) and using descriptive and chi-square tests. Most students have positive perception to the using of audience response systems in lecture. 79/5% of students assess this system effective to improve student learning، 68/2% to help identify strengths and weaknesses، 86/4% to measurement of understanding rate of the content، 88/6% in make enjoyable learning experience and 93/2% in helping to focus and understanding of key issues. In open-ended questions، learning improvement as the major strength and potential fraud were cited as a major weakness for the system. Students have positive view to the use of audience response systems in the learning process and this can result in greater use of active learning techniques can be helpful in nursing education.