مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران
پیاپی 94 (آبان 1391)

Background and Vitamin C and CoQ10 are known as two potentantioxidants. We studied the protective Role of CoQ10 and ascorbic acid against Ischemia-Reperfusion. Finally، we have compared the therapeutic effect of these two together. 35 male balb-Cwere divided into seven subgroups. Includes five groups: intact، ischemicControl، sham Control and treatment groups with CoQ10 and treatment groups with ascorbic acid. In treatment groups، the mice treated with CoQ10 and vitC as Pre-Treatment for a week. Then، ischemia induced by Common Carotid artery ligation. The mice post-treated with CoQ10and ascorbic acidfor a week. Nissl staining applied to counting necroticCells of hippocampus. TUNNEL kit was used to quantify apoptoticCell death while to short term memory scale، we apply y-maze and shuttle box tests. High rate of apoptosis was seen in ischemic group associated with significantly short-term memory loss. In the treatment groups withthese antioxidants، Cell death was significantly lower than the ischemic Control group. Between treatment groups، group treated with CoQ10 was less neuronal death than the group treated with ascorbic acid. According to the results of this study، ascorbic acid and CoQ10 intake significantly reduced Cell death and decreased memory loss. Butthe antioxidant effect of CoQ10 is stronger than vitamin C in this zone of brain.

Background and One of the recent techniques for increasing the output of cryopreservation is using different scaffolds in long-term preservation of stem cells for cell therapy. Undesirable differentiation and decrease in the number of viable cells are two major problems in this process. In order to overcome these problems، in this study the human amniotic epithelial cells were cryopreserved using amniotic membrane as their natural scaffold. after tissue preparation and amniotic epithelial cells extraction، the cells were preserved for 12 months in two different groups of with and without scaffold in 24 different patterns in -196°C in liquid nitrogen. The percentage of viable cells and thier pluripotency were determined before and after cryopreservation. Results were compared between groups with ANOVA (Tukey Post-Test) statistics method. viablility of cells and percentage of Oct-4 positive cells were higher in with scaffold group comparing to without scaffold. The difference between the number of viable cells and pluripotency wasn’t statistically significant between freshly extracted cells and cells that were cryopreserved with scaffold. In addition، glycerol decreased the output of cryopreservation This study showed that employing of amniotic membrane as a scaffold for cryopreservation of human amniotic epithelial cells could increase the number of viable cells and reduce the amount of undesirable differentiation in the process of cryopreservation

Background and Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causes of hospital and community acquired infections. Nasal carriage of S. aureus in staff provides a source for infection in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spa gene patterns of clinical and nasal carriage isolates of S. aureus using polymerase chain reaction. Clinical specimens and staff nasal swab were collected from Tehran university hospitals. S. aureus isolates were identified by cultural and biochemical methods. The evaluation of spa gene patterns of S. aureus isolates was carried out from staff nasal carriage and clinical specimens of patients using polymerase chain reaction. A total of nine patterns of spa gene were distinguished. Seven and five different patterns were identified from S. aureus nasal carriage and clinical specimens، respectively. The presence of similar patterns from spa gene may indicate a common source of infection in the hospital wards. Analysis of the patterns may help to break the chain of transmission of infection in hospitals.

Background and Febrile seizure is the most common convulsive disorder which occurs in 2% - 4% of children. This study determined demographic and etiologic first attack of febrile seizure in children admitted BooALISina hospital Sari، iran. In this cross-sectional study، all children (6 months to 6 years old) that were admitted with the diagnosis of febrile seizure in pediatric department of Boo Ali Sina hospital mazandaran medical sciences، Sari، Iran in March to October 2011 were studied. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 16) applying chi-square at the significant level of α = 0. 05. Among 250 children studied، 134 males and 126 females، and the peak incidence of fever and convulsions in the age range 1-2 years. The most common underlying causes were respiratory infections (56. 8)، followed by gastroenteritis (22. 4). In% 91. 3 of cases of seizures occurred within the first 24 hours after onset of fever. And the most common form of seizures generalized tonic clonic and simple Febrile convulsion. There was no significant correlation between age، sex and the type of seizure. 5%>p and the seasonal incidence of fever and convulsions common in winter (% 68. 4). no significant relation between the Febrile seizure and electrolyte Disturbances (Na، k، BS، Ca). Anemia was found in (%56. 8) of patients. Positive family history and genetic background one of the important factors in the incidence of febrile seizure at ages 1-2 years and the over use of drugs in the prevention of febrile seizures is ineffective. Routine blood chemistry analysis is not necessary in children with febrile seizures and only should be ordered based on the patient’s condition or medical history.

Background and The objective of this study was to determine the influence of 3 vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) polymorphisms (-1639G>A، 1173C>T and 3730G>A) on warfarin dose requirement in patients from Mazandaran province، Iran. A total of 29 patients taking warfarin for at least 3 months and had stable dose requirements were enrolled in the study. DNA samples from these patients were genotyped for polymorphisms in VKORC1 gene and statistical analysis was performed to examine the associations between demographic characteristics (eg، age، sex، weight، height and BMI)، genetic factors، and maintenance dose of warfarin In -1639G>A polymorphism، 25 patients (86. 2%) were AA، 2 patients (6. 9%) were GA and 2 patients (6. 9%) were GG genotype. Mean dose of warfarin in patients with AA genotype was lower but their INR was higher than two others genotypes. In 1173C>T، 26 patients (89. 7%) were TT، 2 patients (6. 9%) were CC and one patient (3. 4%) was CT. Mean dose of warfarin in patients with CT genotype was lower but their INR was higher from two others genotypes. In 3730G>A، 28 patients (96. 5%) were GG and only one patient (3. 5%) was GA. INR in this patient was higher than other genotype. Significant correlation was obtained only between -1639G>A polymorphism and warfarin dose requirement In the present study، we observed genetic polymorphism in all 3 regions. -1639G>A polymorphism was important determinants of warfarin dose requirements in our patients. Correlation between dose requirements and INR with polymorphisms was similar to other studies; however، percentage of genotypes in each polymorphism was different from other populations.

Background and Fatigue is one of the most common disabling complaints in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). According to recently studies، between 60 to 90% of MS suffer of excessive fatigue. The nature of MS related fatigue is clearly distinct from normal fatigue. Complementary therapies probably effect on reduction of fatigue such as physiotherapy، yoga and exercise therapy. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of aquatic exercise program on fatigue in women with Multiple sclerosis. subjects of the research were 26 females with MS، who have age between 25-45 years and EDSS 1-4. And they were divided into two groups، experimental (12) and control (14). Aquatic Exercise program was 8 weeks (3 × weeks). Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) used for measure fatigue in patients MS. Software SPSS (16) and T-student method used for statically analysis. Results showed that there were a statically difference between pre and post test FSS scores in experimental group (P<0. 05). Also، there were a statically difference between post-test FSS scores in experimental and control groups (P<0. 05). And was observed that fatigue was significantly decrease after investigation Finally، we can state that aquatic exercise program decrease fatigue in people with MS.

Background and Vosco-cardiac diseases are among the most Prevalent causes of death in the world. According to the studies it is expected that they become the main cause of death until 2020. The aim of this research is preparing the geographical maps of the relative death rate out of Vasco-cardiac diseases in cities of the Mazandaran province in 2008 In this research، we have analyzed data related to the registered death rate of Mazandaran province''s cities in 2008 caused by Vasco-cardiac diseases، using statistical winbas software. The highest estimated risk among females related to Juibar town and lowest to Noshahr the highest and lowest risk among males related to Tonekabon and Mahmud Abad respectively. The relative death rate prevalence caused by vasco-cardiac diseases is not symmetric in the whole Mazandaran province، in general. This rate is higher in western areas; but is nearly the same among males and females.

Background and Multiple Sclerosis is a disease related to immune system with unknown factors which is considered one of the most important debilitating neurological diseases in adults particularly in youths in which myelin part of Central Nervous System (CNS) is damaged. This study mainly aims to compare styles of coping with stress in people with Multiple Sclerosisand healthy people in the East of Mazandaran. in this study performed in case-control method comprised of the age range of 20-40 years، 191 patients with MS and 191 healthy people out of patient''s accompaniers from the east of Mazandaran based on age، gender، marital status and education level matched with each other were selected. Endler and Parker''s questionnaires of demographic characteristics and styles of coping with stress were used as a tool. Data were analyzed using independent t-test. The mean of problem-focused coping style in patients was 16. 86 and the one in healthy people was 15. 60 (P>0. 05). The mean of emotion-focused coping style in patients was 32. 39 and the one in healthy people was 33. 15 (P>0. 05)، and finally the mean of avoidant coping style in patients was 54. 05 and the one in healthy people was 32. 63 (P<0. 01). Results of the study indicated that there was no significant difference between patients with MS in using problem-focused coping styles and emotion-focused compared with healthy people and they use more avoidant coping style.

Background and Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) are considered as priority organic compounds pollutants worldwide due to their high toxicity. Presence of oil wells has made petroleum hydrocarbon as one of the sources of pollution in the Caspian Sea. These are the pollutants of soil and water which are very dangerous and lethal for the aquatic ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to determine the 16PAHs (as oil pollution) in the sediments and two commercial fish in the Caspian Sea. In this study، 32 sediment samples were collected from 8 stations at eight transects at 10 meter depth during four seasons. Also، 34 samples of Liza saliens (n=17) and Rutilus frisii kutum (n=17) were taken from the south of Caspian Sea. The samples were extracted using Soxhlet execrator with organic solvents and then analyzed using GC-FID (Shimadzu-14 A) instruments. Concentration of 16PAHs in sediment in most stations was lower than critical level (NOAA standard). Applying different PAHs ratios، it was found that PAHs originated predominantly from the pyrogenic source either from the combustion of grass، wood and coal (majority of the samples) or from petroleum combustion (harbor area). The mean concentration of PAHs in Liza. s and R. frisii kutum were observed 2460 ± 60 and 2710 ± 56 µg/kg dw، respectively and 990 ± 33 µg/kg dw for sediment. In general، concentrations of PAHs in edible tissue of two species were higher than their corresponding sediment concentrations reflecting their great bioavailability (242-3880 µg/kg dw). The highest concentrations were observed in some ports of the southern Caspian Sea (Anzali، Nowshahr، and Amirabad)، probably due to intensive shipping activities. The distribution pattern of PAHs was similar for fish and sediments، particularly for sediments characterized by high contamination level، and they were dominated by the high molecular weight PAHs (4-6-rings) which have high ecological risks.

Background and Depression and social phobia are common psychiatric disorders. The main objective of this study was to study of relationship between social problem-solving and depression and social phobia among students. In this correlational- descriptive study، 403 (245female and 158 male) from Islamic Azad university، Azadshahr branch were selected through stratified random sampling method. In order to collect the data، were used The Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (Short Form)، Beck Depression Inventory، and Social Phobia Inventory. Data were analyzed through SPSS-13، Pearson''s correlation، t test and analysis of Variance (AN0VA). Data analysis showed significant relationship between social problem solving ability and Social Phobia and depression (P<0. 001). There was a significant difference among the students with low، medium and high social problem- solving ability. The students who had high ability in solving social problems had less depression and social phobia (P<0. 001). Social problem solving ability can decrease the depression and social phobia among university students. Teaching this skill will lead to promoting the level of mental health of university students.

The acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare، monophasic or multi-phasic dismyelinating disease، which affects the central nervous system and that appears shortly after either a exanthematous، non-exanthematous or vaccination. It attacks mainly children and young adults. The prognosis is usually favorable but sequelae are possible. The common therapeutic approach is the use of corticosteroids. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been proposed for relapses، and plasmapheresis for fulminant cases the cause of ADEM is unknown. The diagnosis is based on clinical picture، supported by radiology and laboratory tests. This 24-month-old boy was admitted with fever، vomiting and intermittent irritability preceded by a herpetic gingivostomatitis 10 days earlier. Growth and development were normal. Brain MRI at that time revealed multiple asymmetric، hyperintense and patchy white matter lesions of variable size on T2-weighted images. CSF examination revealed no cells، normal protein and glucose levels، normal IgG index and no oligoclonal bands. Gram’s and Wright’s stains and screening for viral antibodies were negative. Electroencephalography (EEG) was normal. He was started on Intrvenous immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg) intravenously for 5 days. At the end of the treatment he was afebrile with good general condition.

Isolated non compaction of left ventricular myocardium is a rare cardiomyopathy due to abnormalendomyocardialmorphogenesis. The incidence of non compaction cardiomyopathy in the general population has been estimated at 0. 05% to 0. 25% per year. NCCMP is a heart muscle disorder that is still little known among physicians and was first described in 1984 by engberding and bender. Echocardiography is diagnostic method of choice. We report our recent experience with six NCCM patients who present at our hospital between September2011and April 2012. Three patients were with severe symptoms، two patients with mild symptoms and one patient was asymptomatic. serial follow up and medical management is advisable in these patients for improving out come.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease in nearly all parts of the world، especially in tropical and subtropical areas and is prevalent in hot and humid areas. Particularly in the northern provinces of Caspian Sea in Iran by having mild and wet weather conditions، this disease is more spread to other parts of the country. Today، with evolution of the Leptospira، disease from traditional village that enhance its prevalence among farmers and fishing، modified to epidemics in urban communities that do not have good health. Thus the purpose of this review is epidemiology، prevention، diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis. Prevalence of the disease in each zone depends on climate، geography، population، domestic and wild animals، and the abundance of surface water. Laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis important and Micro Agglutination Test (MAT) in the diagnosis of disease is Valuable. Molecular tests such as PCR can be used in early detection of disease particularly when there are no specific antibodies. ELISA tests are also important in early screening. Disease prevention will be Possible by increasing awareness of the people at risk، regional health systems employees، and prevention from human contact with contaminated materials and vaccination of livestock and animals.