فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 18، پاییز و زمستان 1389)

Since the material and spiritual progressions of human life in prosperity direction is dependent to the kind of his speculation, the great men during the history perpetually tried in searching human’s scientific and intellectual thoughts and continually attempted to traverse the rung of the ladder of wisdom and knowledge. Hakim “Kafi Ibn Mohtasham Gaeni” is among this great men in Iran who is the owner of 12 manuscripts in the field of philosophic, verbal art and theosophy. He was among the great men of Safavid dynasty and rests in the rank of the learned men like sheik Baha’i. But so far, in spite of the richness of this theologian’s speculations, his works and ideas in the form of inscriptions and manuscripts in the treasures of handwritten manuscript have been reserved from the sight of researchers. Although the five sets of his philosophic and theosophy articles have been copied, but so far any translation or description of it have not yet been accomplished. This article, meanwhile in a brief introduction of the personality of Hakim Kafi Gaeni, is an attempt to represent some part of his opinions and ideas about existence and its hierarchy, topics of the solidarity between wise and rational science, passion and its related subjects, the abilities of passion in theology and the main role of passion in ethics, a reference to resurrection of passions and the issue of metempsychosis from the viewpoint of Hakim Kafi Gaeni. Generally in these topics and the other opinions of this wise man, overcoming of philosophical and logical thought is the main and prominent peculiarities of him. He is the owner of the main work, Altashyl which in the form of techniques, articles and chapters, its philosophical subjects has been drown up in three volumes. In addition of it, the epistle Alshjirat Altayebah Fi Isbat Alharikat reveals the highest peak of his philosophical solicitude.

In developing countries like Iran, migration from village to town is counted as important issues of social, economical and political problems. Migration either in original place or in destined place, creates the problems such as alternation in composition and structures of population, occupation, unemployment, levels of wages, annual incomes, out breaking of numerous disorders leading from pressure to resources and limited facilities of urban communities, evacuating of villagers and their devastation and etc; and the ending consequence of migration from villages to town is the total destruction of national prosperity and derangement of regional equilibrium and harmony. Then it is necessary with profound and structural examination to identify the effective and radical factors involved in this population phenomenon and scientific solutions for decreasing and obviating of it should be employed. For this reason, the effective factors in rural migration in Shaskuh district of Ghayenat county as a model have been examined. The acquired results show that the important factor of villagers’ migration in this rural district had been related to the economical factor (shortage of income and occupation). Therefore, adopting a definite decision based on the preservation of rural spots and supporting the villagers as a hardworking and vulnerable stratum of society and security keepers of some part of east borders of country is of main necessity. So, the excess labor of agricultural section should be expelled from this section- not from village- and employed in other economical activities. Investments of the government in small industries part and village workhouses and creation of new occupation will be main steps in preventing of rural migration, decreasing inequalities between village and town and developing the social and economical equanimity.

Media literacy is a kind of cognitive and perceptional skill which prepares the addressers with the variety of media products for exploitation of mass media. The effects of the revolution of information accompanied by the learning of thought, perception, logical and criticism skills among citizens with aware based development will be grown with the extension of this phenomenon in the society. This necessity, in recent era for perception of media products are going to be expanded in the direction of cultural, political, economical, behavioral and ethical life in direct and indirect form accompanied by training of active addresser. The aim of this skill is establishing a kind of righteous communication between citizens for achieving to the information via mass and social media. Training of this phenomenon for acquisition, evaluation and analyzing the structure of collective messages will be formed with the exploitation of technology and media products in direction of wisdom, perception, equilibrium between media and addresser, joy of content, strategic expansion an etc. The study of the concept of this phenomenon with the emphasis of two reading and writing skills for production, perception and cognition of media is accompanied with the emphasis in continuity criterions, multi dimension, being instrumental, reconstructing of truth, promotion ideological messages, political and social motivation and etc. For this reason, training and medium institutions, governmental and nongovernmental organizations in society significantly help to the growth of this necessity; also with the expansion of social networks and interpretative communities, we can load this literacy in direction of social solidarity and prevention of social inconveniences. For this reason with the exploitation of magic bullet theory, limited effect and implanting in the field of communications, we can proceed to define this phenomenon. In the Constitution of our society, this phenomenon emphasized from national and mass media in the direction of prominent ethical, Islamic and human purposes and all systems and governmental and nongovernmental institutions should take main steps in direction of developing this phenomenon. The aim of this article is the implementation of a review examination in the field of necessity, purposes, features, and training the media literacy.

Castles or fortresses as a place of defense have been able to be as a good shelter in the eras in which humans used bow, arrow and catapult for defense and during different eras they have constructed in numerous and different forms and models. During history, some of these fortresses have been able to gain special role and station and became permanent in history. One of these fortresses is Galeh Kooh Gaen with the presumption that Hussein Gaeni of the Ismailia movement originator who had been the composer and leader of this fort mount. Galeh Kooh Gaen, the shelter of the biggest city Ghoheston, somehow was the biggest center of the Nizari Ismailis in Islamic world (regarding to population and space) and overlooked to the city of Gaen. This Galeh Kooh as a central fort of Ghoheston, had a main role in the Ismailia history and in terms of historical writings, some of Iranian great men and scholars lived in the periods in which Ghoheston region was as a safe place in the epoch of Mogul invasion. In this subject we attempt to represent a kind of brief profile of the beginning and inception of the Ismailia movement in Ghoheston and then historical background and overall structure of this Galeh Kooh and also contemporary writings of itinerary writers about this historical Galeh Kooh.

The special study on Birjand’s portals has not yet been conducted. Groups of students from Islamic Azad university of Birjand in Fall 2009 has began their researches under the supervision of deceased engineer Soltani on historical portals of Birjand city and these studies continued in the subsequent years. This group also, continued in their researches and then they could be able to prepare their evidences to compiling a book about that issue. For the first time, with the presence and excuse of workhouse for training Iranian architecture from Birjand view, selection of the information of this project again, with the advices of respected professors of that workhouse have been examined from cultural and social viewpoint, where remarkable results acquired.It is worth to say that this article has been presented among the commendable articles from one of the research groups.Any kind of architecture remained from the past, contains the messages and concepts of the life and relations of people from that period of time. Now if we believe that the architecture has being and is the container of social life of people, we should imagine the relations between architectural elements as a reflection of peoples’ relations. Specifically when the ornamental and symbolic aspects of these components are more than their functional aspects they remain in the memories and the portal is one of the important kinds of this architectural components. Portals also in Birjand like the other places in our country defined symbolically to invite the individuals inside the mason for creating permanent and everlasting memory. On the basis of it, portals are as main connectors between architectural and metropolitan space, reflecting outer ideas, impressions and individual and family positions against outer and the neighboring communities. For this reason, in this study the variety of figures and physical relations among historic portals with ancient textures as a kind of neighboring relations and mentalities and the cultural messages existed in historical city of Birjand that was the headstock products of these historic buildings have been examined and a table with the inclusion of main key words and their relation for the cognition of this subject has been created.