نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 31 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

Urban reform and improve its performance and its management in municipalities and regions without addressing this complex and its role and enhance its performance would not be possible. Studies show The Balanced Scorecard BSC and Organizational Excellence Model EFQM «in combination" can be a useful framework for evaluating the performance Especially System performance in urban areas and municipalities to provide; because these two models, Regardless of which have significant similarities, have different origins and can establish a good overlap. The model presented in this study to evaluate the management and operation areas of Tehran, the two models we are based. Model evaluation and performance management in municipalities And in the urban areas, And the correlation between motivation and organizational dimensions (with component history, mission, culture and reward systems) Resource management (with the components of process management, financial management and budgeting, financial management, facilities management and human capital) Performance (with component-level performance of staff, program and practice levels of performance across the organization) And stakeholder satisfaction (with the components of the citizens, civil society, employees, investors and providers of municipal services) The equilibrium level of performance was confirmed Balance in performance and satisfaction of its citizens (municipality) will be.

Providing a description of a practical method in order to determine maximum density of building in reliance on block's specifications and its influence on building density is one of the notable and practical themes in the field of urban planning debates which is less discussed. Exertion of specific tendencies and unscientific approaches in determination of proposed density, besides disproportionateness of the proposed density percentages to specifications of residential blocks are from reasons that can be discerned in decreasing of environmental quality of Iran cities residential blocks. This research makes an effort by assessment and finding effective indexes on building density on scale of residential blocks in urban built texture to present a practical method to show how building density percentages should be determined based on physical limitations of urban blocks. This method was assessed in GhasrO'Dasht neighborhood in city of Shiraz and follow issues was resulted. 1) Proposed criteria of urban development plans have no sufficient scientific basis at density subject. 2) Main agent in determination of building density are the overcastting length of buildings and open space per every unit of residential block and building density, occupation extent and numbers of floors could have different value.

One-sided and subject-focus look will bring about many problems for a city; the only ways to meet these problems are public supervision (accountability) and cooperative action; these two ways can increase the level of efficiency. This study aimed at providing a comprehensive definition and analysis of the good municipal rule.Furthermore, this study was an attempt to present a set of indexes for developing good municipal rule in Iran, and to investigate these indexes in the municipal management of Bobolsar city. When it came to the Research method and data collection tools of the study.descriptive survey method, analytic method and questionnaire were used. Hypothesizes of the study were based on the fact that three factors,cooperation, accountability and efficiency, were in an inappropriate level in Babolsar City, and there was a significant difference between the educated people and other citizens of this city in terms of cooperation. Investigating thesehypothesizes, average level of cooperation and efficiency were -0.024 and -0.025 respectively.These numbers showed that the level of cooperation and efficiency werein a low level in Babolsar City. However, educated citizens showed more interest in cooperating with the municipality: the average level of cooperation was 0.05.As far as the accountability of the municipality was concerned, the citizens believed it was in an average level:the average level of accountability was 0.094.Our analysis showed that the main hypothesis of the study and also the secondary hypothesizes of the study, except the hypothesis which considered the factor of accountability in a lower level, could be supported.To investigate the above mentioned hypothesizes, ANOVA and LSD were used.65 percent of the population of the study were men and the rest(35 percent) were women;all these participants were above the 18 years old and the average level of age was 38.8.Furthermore,an average of the participants had a degree higher than the diploma.Generally speaking, these participants were classified as follows: the educated people who lived in Babolsar, those who consulted to the Babolsar’s municipality, and businessmen of Babolsar city. These participants were selected through simple random sampling and then were investigated.

Coordination and connection between space elements and their functions in historic fabrics of Iran caused those historic Iranian cities look like as an integrated frame. On the other hand the space value of these cities, were given shape by consecutiveness and attention to physical and visual qualities. In these cities the combination of urban spaces based on the network of Dynamic and halt spaces; this combination in Iranian historical fabrics is organized an integrated urban space network which forms the space structure and the framework of the texture. This article researches about the role of urban space networks in fabric of Iranian historical cities. This article researches about the role of urban space network in fabric of Iranian historical cities. The main research method is analytical description on the subject literature and Dardahst district in Isfahan with context analyze method will finished the research process. The results of this research show that the combination of three factors as physical setting, activity and events and meaning are key attributes of creating this network. Also over time these criteria cause urban space network functional enduring in the structure of historic fabrics.

Today more than ever the city, large or small, offers countless opportunities for education. For the first time the theory of Educating City released as international convention in 2004. Educating cities must offer all inhabitants, as prerequisites, growing objective for the community, education in the values and practices of a democratic citizenship: respect, tolerance, participation, responsibility. Educating cities must interest public consensus, programmers’, heritage and services. The main scope of this paper is about determining the design principles of educating cities in Iran. The most important goal of this study is presentation of a model which turns Tehran to an educating city.

Today, due to extensive urbanization and physical development of cities, urban management and administration is to become a hard work to do for most municipalities that are located particularly in city management. In this regard, the first and most important limitations to solve the growing problems of urban and inefficient services in many developing cities of nations such as Iran is lack of Sustained and continuous financial resources,, inefficient management and cost planning system which ultimately lead to urban predict landscapes and dissatisfaction of citizens. Thus the need for further studies in the context is very importance for the stability of income and creating a suitable quality of citizen life. In this way, a new point of view to a sustainable income sources in the municipal, will ensures a bright future for cities to develop a comprehensive ideal city. So, the present article intends to study and identify the resources and strategies for sustainable income for Mahabad city as one of the major cities of west Azarbaijan province. Type of research is applied and the survey method is descriptive-analytical. The results show that the city of Mahabad has many problems in many aspects which have roots in lack of mechanisms and strategies for sustainable income. Finally, with regard to the problems of the municipality, strategies have been suggested to sustainable income.

Choosing the type of urban management model reflects insight into relationships to be held between municipality and councils. It also considers as index for executive power and level of participation. Defining managerial style for city and conducting power down toward urban managers is regarded as significant discussion of the best managerial model. City managerial model has a close relation to creation or solution of city problems. Survey over Tehran Municipality managerial model offers that the regular model of urban management in Iran is council-manager; Analyzing managerial pattern of Tehran and its features peculiarly dative selection of mayor causes hard dependence of urban management model's elements to the main structure of power. This procedure in turn exacerbates lack of civil institutions and people participation has made urban management as contest arena for political parties over national level. So, council-mayor model is suggested as the convenient model. Applying the model through masses-based procedure and communicative insight into urban problems, in one hand, over national level emphasizes declining role of the center of power and on the other hand in local level it strengthen local management, participation of local community, multi-level and multi-agent government for effective urban management. This model using deductive measures of theoretical discussions urban governance supports urban governance indicators (citizens participation, justice and taking responsibility) and elevates other indicators like the authority of urban manager, mayor power, coordination and cooperation between council and municipality, expertise in municipal body, surveillance power of council and consistency in urban management. Using the model also, decline the dependency of political elements over national level and in an overall view invigorates institutional management the city of Tehran.

Present study aims to investigate the concept of learning city and to identify affecting factors on building this concept in Tehran Municipality, borough 6. To this end, organizational learning and learning organization concepts are initially investigated and then a conceptual framework is devised based on previous literature. It includes five major variables including mission and strategy, creativity training and learning, leadership and empowerment (contribution), communication development and knowledge workers. Literature studying indicates that some main entities should act as learning organs to establish and keep on learning city including municipality, schools, adults’ applied and scientific training centers, universities and SMEs. Then, a 92 – item questionnaire was devised to measure learning city variables in each urban organ in Tehran Municipality, borough 6 and it was distributed among 100 interviewers. In present paper, gathered data was analyzed by Kolmogrov – Smirnov test, single-sample t test for normal distributions and ANOVA. Research findings show scholars’ opinions on the status of Tehran Municipality, borough 6, in terms of the aspects of a learning city. Finally, the importance of learning in city concept is discussed and guidelines are provided to develop learning city concept.

today, most expert believe that the focused urban management experience is failed and it is impossible without citizen participation. So the attraction of citizens’ participation is the main concerns of the urban new managements. Tehran Municipality the one of the major institutions of urban management has adopted the social approach in order to attract the participation of citizens and has taken the basic steps. The present article is aimed to explore the status of Tehran citizens’ tendency to participate in doing activities of municipality (case study region 4). Chosen theoretical framework for understanding the effective factors, a framework based on a combination of individual and social factors. The survey method was used to examine the hypothesis. The statistical data analysis techniques such as Pearson correlation, t and F tests and multiple regression analysis was used to analyze data. The research results indicate a moderate level of citizens participation tendency that its changes will be explained with factors such as gender, employment status, knowledge and information on urban affairs, expected rewards of participation, association membership, experience and interest in and desire to live in neighborhoods. Municipality with different measures based on results of this study can enhance citizens’ participation willingness, operating these capacities and attract them in doing its activities.

The purpose of this research was to survey the organizational intelligence in the east urban management of Mazandaran province. According to Albrecht, Organizational intelligence is the capacity of an organization to mobilize all of its brain power, and focus that brain power on achieving the mission. Organizational intelligence components based on Albrecht’s model included: 1.strategic vision, 2.shared fate,3. Appetite for change,4.heart, 5.alignment and congruence,6.knowledge deployment and 7.performance pressure. The research method was descriptive-survey and research samples including 133 administrative staffs in five municipalities of Neka, Rostamkola, Behshahr, Khalilshahr and Galogah, that were selected through Stratified sampling.Research tool was Albrecht’s organizational intelligence questionnaire with 0.918 Cronbach,s alpha reliability coefficient. Main results of the research showed that: 1.According to One-sample t test with 95 percent confidence interval the organizational intelligence and its components were in acceptable condition;2.Based on Freidman’s test, there was significant difference between mean rank of at least two components of organizational intelligence components. Means ranking based on the components included: 1.Performance pressure, 2.Heart, 3.Alignment and congruence, 4. Shared fate, 5.knowledge deployment, 6.Appetite for change, 7.Strategic vision; finally, research findings showed necessity of more attention to components of organizational intelligence continuous improvement and simultaneous and balanced development of this components.

Considering the lack of attention of some urban projects to city natural-historic features and potentials in the offers of the design and resulting inefficiencies in urban life, it seems proper use of these potentials for increasing the quality and identity of the city is essential. The old core of the city of Karaj is considered one of the particular zones which includes natural and epochal identity, actually the existence of natural and historical elements adjacent to one another in this zone, give specific feature to pointed zone by using optimal the expressed potentials can bring about an important role to play in the identity of the City of Karaj. One of the ways to improve the quality of the expressed potentials that in this research study referred to is good relationship between the important elements with helping of the potential of the natural environment. Therefore, this study has tried to consider in the beginning the relationship between the natural and artificial elements and according to the use of the nature in the city can be one of the strategies of the relationship between the important artificial and natural elements, in continue to discuss the urban ecology and the relationship of the nature and the city and the green city, and finally have been discussed the key points of Iran and world experiences in this context as the principles of the relationship between natural and artificial important elements, then using to overlay the layers of the physical and natural and historical elements, the vertical and horizontal relationship of stains is considered and finally from natural attractions of the old core of the city of Karaj with using the analytical – descriptive method and integrating the findings to create a good relationship between important elements of zone and thus improving and strengthening the framework of the city of Karaj have been used.

One of the most important problems that always have been considered by the authorities in the crisis management is the selection of site for emergency and temporary sheltering. It is obvious that inappropriate site selection may lead to another disaster that is more complex than the main one. So, the necessity of planning, managing and offering appropriate options for temporary sheltering of affected people before the occurrence of earthquake is vital. The objective of this research is the presentation of the appropriate and efficient method for the selection of site for temporary sheltering using Fuzzy algorithms. For illustrating the efficiency of proposed algorithm, the municipality district no.1 of Tehran is selected as the case study. Using the results of damage assessment of the study area, the number of homeless people was evaluated 136786 people and the required shelter was evaluated 410-615 hectares. For the selection of site, initially necessary criteria are determined. After studying the past research and receiving the expert’s viewpoints, 13 criteria were selected. These criteria include criteria such as vicinity to water resources, distance from faults and rivers, vicinity to hospitals and other therapeutic centers, and security. In this research, Fuzzy and Boolean logics have been used for the combination of the criteria (layers). IDRISI is used for the implementation of fuzzy operations and the selection of site for temporary sheltering due to its high capability in the multi criteria decision making analysis problems. Then using WLC (Weighted Linear Combination) method, the produced fuzzy layers (maps) were combined and the map of eligibility was produced. Using this map and Fuzzy logic, 17 zones with total area of 649.1 hectares were selected for temporary sheltering. The results indicated that due to applied decisive limitations in Boolean method (classic method), the number of selected sites are more than Fuzzy method. Boolean logic is not appropriate for the areas that land use has some limitations. Assessment of applied fuzzy method in this research (WLC) showed that despite the simplicity of WLC method, it has high efficiency and makes possibility of allocating different weights to various criteria due to the importance of criteria. Considering this predominance; the outcomes of the selection of site using WLC fuzzy method have better resolution power. However results showed that the selection of site depends on the experience and personal judgment of the corresponding manager, therefore fuzzy logic has high efficiency.

Nowadays, one of new urban theories which attention of urban sciences politicians is the use of ICT in the cities, the current paper attempts to examine Assessment of ICT and Its Role in Realization oF Social Participation and Empowerment of Urban Management: the Case Study of Isfahan - District 6. The research method is applied-developmental and the study method is survey-documental. To collect data, questionnaires were used and SPSS was used for analyzing data. The samples were selected from residents of Isfahan’s central district and its size was estimated by Cochran method and ultimately questionnaires were provided from citizens and institutes. Findings show that: there is meaningful relationship between Information literacy and acceptance of ICT symbol (sig=0/001). Accesses to ICT facilities are in a good level in working places but not in living ones and citizens have to go out to do own routine affairs. The more satisfaction of citizens whit services of urban managers, the more citizens Participation in urban Management (sig=0/001). There is meaningful relationship between the level of using ICT and the level citizens Participation Urban Management (sig=0/000). There is a relationship between Social Participation and Empowerment of Urban Management (coefficient correlation 0/42). At least some proposals put forward to development this technology in urban society.

The organization of urban decay texture is a multifaceted and multi-disciplinary issue. However, the legal system regarding the organization of these urban fabric which somehow guarantees its fulfillment, has not been fully considered. It is argued that the legal barriers and lack of due possession of estate properties correspond with the relevant plans are being considered as a major executive problems. This study aims to answer the following fundamental questions: “What are the legal-executive vulnerabilities regarding estate properties possession pertaining to Tehran’s urban decay texture? What improvement measures could be adopted?” This study is based on Tehran metropolitan. Its theoretical approach has structural–functional nature. That is along with the legal and managerial structure, estate property possessions, executive mechanisms located in Tehran’s urban decay texture should be taken into account as well. This research has both applied and strategic nature and is carried out through descriptive and analytical method. Moreover, this study is based on both documentary and survey method. Moreover, Delphi and SWOT technique as well as questionnaire were applied. This study suggests that lack of urban integrated management and the existence of numerous varied legal-executive procedures are being considered as the major structural and functional vulnerabilities regarding Tehran’s urban decay texture. This in turn, invites more attention regarding support strategy. Taking advantage of strengths and combating with internal weaknesses with regard to urban management organization has high priority.

Most urban planners, especially in the structuralism school believe that different phenomena can not be a separate living space and studied independently of each other. So fundamental coherence theories of urban and regional habitat can be found in "systems theory" made clear. This study convinced that the balance of urban space in the system of Fars and Bushehr situation is what has been done. Considering the nature of the research question is whether the article in Bushehr and Fars regional urban systems, urban hierarchy have a balance of space, so the aim of this thesis research, and enriching the consistency week in studies seeking to obtain evidence objective regarding the balance of the urban system is studied in the range to be the basis to provide a suitable model of spatial organization of urban systems achieved. The research method chosen for theoretical research approach - in which the application of systems theory and methods of descriptive statistics, inferential and planning models are used. Community survey to measure relationships between cities population 8262 persons as research subjects were evaluated. Eventually was determined that due to the relationship mentioned in the spatial relationships populations incoming and outgoing urban centers in different classes amount Chi calculated smaller than the amount of Chi Table critical points is likely in a=0/5(Ho)is zero to accept and accepting the hypothesis of zero means is a hinge or system elements, and urban centers is not confirmed, but the facilities to operate independently of each other and you have integration and system integrity are not.

The district ten of Tehran with old and erode structure have over than 85196 erode house in this district are three erode texture that over than 97 percent of house have spice powerless. In this article for receive to goal research that is analysis instability place-spaceal urban erode texture in ten district of Tehran statistical and analytic with approach to indices of physical economical social cultural and distribution of land use and environmental. For analysis of data have used method descriptive and inference statically and spss software have used about 400 person guardian family of erode texture with Cochran formula have selected. Results show that over than 97 present of houses have powerless spices and 23/7 percent of infrastructural with up unstability have assessment. 57/3 percent of guardian families with seven person average in profession of worker have employed. Entropies and place efficient calculation show unstablity in distribution of land use. however unstability place- special of land use have case decrease of quality of life in erode texture. Size x2 (262/3) in meaningful level; /000 showed directive relatives between unstablity and relative privation in erode texture. Alfa. /.7 and beta coefficient sho that indices physical and undistribution of land use are most important of unstablaity in erode texture.

Urban transport development has resulted in a massive increase in rate of accidents, more consumption of fuels and emission of dangerous pollutants, and consequently considerable costs. These issues alongside the increasing needs to transportation services a rise the necessity for gaining sustainable transportation as one of the principle solutions for development. However, recognition and prioritization of sustainable transportation policies are very important. In this article we tried to model Mashhad transportation by using a system dynamics framework. Then, 20 scenarios have been introduced for sustainable urban transportation appraisal in 5 policy groups for 20 years. In this evaluation scheme, carpooling, reducing old vehicles and improvement of public transportation have identified as the most effective factors on sustainability indicators and is able to minimize the negative consequences of transportation in the study horizon. It seems that suggestions of the current paper may be useful for decision-makers in achieving sustainable urban transportation.

Social impact assessment (SIA) is one of the newest subjects in development-related issues, which has been started with USA’s environmental national policy. This issue has attracted immense attention in last five decade (from mid 70s) through the published results in related books and articles. Social impact assessment reflects the social results of interaction between development and society, while emphasizes the necessity of evaluating the post-decision impact by urban managers before taking action. This also provides an opportunity to the people, who are influenced by this intervention, to achieve the chance to participate in designing their future environment. So, estimating social consequences can be helpful in addressing concerns of social development in designing projects. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the social consequences of constructing a Children's Park “Zafar Golchin” in district 10 of Tehran municipality. This paper is written to satisfy the policy of Tehran’s municipality, which is responsible for most of the urban projects, to consider the environmental, social and cultural consequences of the projects. In this evaluation, the method of research according to the goal is social impact assessment, and according to nature is descriptive-analytical, which studies the characteristics and traits of individuals. Also, in this paper the state of statistical society in the form of some attributes and variables after development interventions have been studied. According to the features in a park (sliding and skating), frequently usage of park by children in the surrounding complexes is one of the main functions of the Children's Park. Because of the playground in the park, mostly the children in the range of 10-15 ages use the park. So, one can claim that the most important social consequence of construction of Zafar’s Children park is positive effects of Park on kids (providing opportunities for playing, exercising, learning, reducing obesity and improving mental health). So, the kids are the most important community who are affected by the direct and positive effects of the park. Since, formerly the place of the park was a ruined place, where the surrounding residents were putting their garbage, it caused very bad odor in the area, and as a result, the second important effect of the park is its environmental effects in the area. Although, by accurate planning, the kid’s park can be a place for improving human merits, but by inaccurate and simplistic planning, it can be converted to a place which crimes will happen, and so it will have negative social, cultural and sociological on the residents. Some of the negative consequences which residents worry about are that the park will be converted to a place of accumulation of drug addicts and gangsters; it will be a place for trading drugs, and formation of some illegal friendship.

Security, Background of healthy community any sense of security, development and prosperity of human societies and the survival of a community depends on maintaining the security and sense of it. The city requires people in public space are safe from them. One of the most important factors threatening the people in public spaces, fear or feeling of insecurity; Study security issues were considered in this city where one would expect Eshtehard as a new city the basic component is eligible security and its expectation that the funds were The new city of a place is defined in terms Based on the comprehensive plan and the criteria required to be made And will develop and grow. The results show the above is not expected to meet this could be influenced by the social conditions of the whole community and migrant vulnerability. The results indicate that Between feeling safe and indicators such as Social capital, performance media, the police, social status, so all people have a meaningful relationship has been confirmed by research hypotheses.

Nanotechnology is the origin of technological developments and considers the next industrial revolution, and many countries in attempting to meet their empowerment have the technology. This technology is in early stages of their growth and does detailed predictions about the development process and its dimensions is not possible. Policy development of new technology, especially nano-related science, involves various aspects and dimensions of performance measures are research. Functional source of knowledge production, the environmental effects of their territory. Considering the importance of this issue, assessment of environmental risks in the initial stage of production of knowledge and ideas can produce beneficial effects on preventing the spread of environmental damage and the impact of a promoter of sustainable development is knowledge. The study has tried the effect of each of the environmental risk factors using fuzzy AHP are given. Then, according to the weights obtained for each factor using fuzzy TOPSIS risk levels created in the desired areas are ranked. Considering that the study results do a master's thesis is so way using factors extracted from literature research study are presented in detail. The results showed that nano-particles and nano-fibers, the greatest impact on various areas of risk and Fullerenes are having the least risk to the environment can result. Also according to the results that can be downloaded from the influence of factors causing cancer and in contact with sensitive skin and are the least effect on these factors are genetic. Performed calculations to increase accuracy in fuzzy environment using non-fuzzy computing and fuzzy computing has been done results in the ranking are very close to each other.