فصلنامه برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
پیاپی 9 (بهار 1392)

Nowadays the settlement of tribal society is the most important issue which is brought up in country. In the beginning of recent century، Iran’s tribes are experienced bitter taste of compulsory settlement by the government of Pahlavi Ι. But nowadays settlement issue are debated in a new form different from compulsory settlement. It is based on general outlook of administrators tribes problems. They believe becamped period finish and now it is the time of settlement. Fars province had been performance place of one the most important plans of tribes settlement in country. The purpose of this research is the study of effective social_economic factors on tribes settlement. settlement centers in Fars province are chosen as a sample. The questioners are completed by breadwinners، then effective social_economic factors on tribes settlement are considered in self_sufficient and guideline centers. Result show that there are significant connection between social effects and tribes settlement in Fars، But there are not significant connection between economic effects and tribes settlement. there are not significant connection between social factors on tribes settlement in Fars base on marital status. There are significant connection between economic factors on tribes settlement in Fars base on marital status. There are significant differences between effective social_economic factors on tribes settlement base on sociology.

Over more than three decades of preparation and conducting of rural guidance plan in country and accumulate experience، What results is necessary to know the implementation of these projects led to and has implications for the rural community in Iran. The aim of the present research is that conducting Guidance plans which implementation of the results and consequences of rural economic and social dimensions of rural settlements in parts of the country has? Methods In this study is applied from Goal and experimental from approach، the methods for gathering information from the field and help documents and on the population size (975 households)، households in sample size formula based on questioning the Cochran has 232 households. Research findings indicate that the correlation coefficient between conducting of guidance plan and social change in villagers living with a number in 0. 37 and the probability of the test، 0. 000 is established and the three indicators of social change، among the four indicators of Guidance Plan conducting، rural service delivery by a factor of 53 percent in rural areas has had the greatest influence on social change. The implementation of variable conducting of guidance plan and economic changes in the dimensions of rural life is not significantly correlated. According to these findings، such as institutional capacity building and law enforcement strategies to facilitate and increase public participation in rural، natural and human abilities and powers given to the villages، the allocation of sufficient funds to finance the full implementation of plans and programs written، taking advantage of local institutions، with seriousness and determination in implementing the plan، etc. is recommended.

Urban Economic in metropolis of Iran such as Tehran، because of lack of the dynamic mechanism for accumulation of capital، related to land rent and inequality in opportunities. According to the increasing of Liquidity and Merchant capitalism Domination polarization of Tehran has been increased. With this differentiation if in 1961-1991 Tehran had a industrial-service function، in servant year this function has transformed to the dysfunctional Merchant- finance pole. In this condition in short time accumulation of capital grow Impressive، but Pseudo and expected income، intense very problems such as: inflation in housing، unemployment and squatter settlement. Methodology of this article is Applied and have a Descriptive- Analytical trend that some results has been shown in ArcGis platform. The results of this research by Analyze capitalism organization of Iran in two late decade and its spatial reflection has shown some Inequality economic and social trend. One of this spatial reflection is accrued out of urban boundary، this spatial is a Conditional dimension of economic and social relationship. Unlike general supposition، Investigation of demographic trends in this places show that population of Tehran province is growing، this growth could be percept in rural population increasing in squatter settlement form. It seems if Tehran couldn’t develop appropriate mechanism for accumulation capital، in near future In addition immigration trend toward Tehran، many problem threat inner space of Tehran province and spatial structure of Tehran province show this trend clearly in spontaneous settlements since 40 kilometer of South Tehran city border.

The un-equilibrium and unfairness in the residence system and the necessity of achieving regional development and equilibrium lead to an increasing attention to medium size cities as a favourite strategy. Although regional development textbooks emphasize on the role of medium size cities as a panacea for achieving the regional equal development، it is also necessary to study and evaluate the role and function of these cities. Therefore، this research is to answer the question “Is Fasa as a medium city able to play an effective role in the equilibrium of population and economy of Fars region?” The research is applicable and the method is analytical and descriptive. We used documents and field methods (questionnaire) for data collection and in order to process the data، the regional analytical models are used. Our results show that the Fasa city has a significant role in the regional population equilibrium so that removing it would cause to an increase in non-equilibrium. The evaluation of the economic function shows that the city has a strong service role and it could be role in the economic equilibrium and development of the province. We also study the referring pattern of people to the city and find out that the Fasa city has an effective role in providing various requirements of surrounding counties. Our results altogether show the effective function of the Fasa city in regional equilibrium.

In recent decades، the evolution trend in social، economic and cultural context and geographical foundation deference''s have been caused to creation of a special kind of spatial system in human settlement. Development spatial imbalances have caused disruption of spatial system of settlement and the rapid growth of some cities. The main objective of this study was to analyze the development of Fars province cities in the period 1380 to 1390 and determination of spatial inequalities development. In this research we used statistical techniques of numerical taxonomy، Williamson and regression coefficient، to show the level of development in the Fars province cities، with 6 main criteria and 52 sub criteria. During the statistical period، the developed cities had decreased and unexpanded towns have increased. The results show that the main development reason for the difference between the cities is due to lack of distribution in agriculture and education indicators.

Tourism has affluence affected the country economic، cultural and political aspects. Success in this goal requires attention to the tourism attractions that the lighting is one of the effective factors. Urban lighting increases attractiveness of tourism attractions and improves sense of security in tourists and citizens which has a large impact on tourism development. This paper aimed at emphasizing on the lighting as one of the main elements of urban landscape and its effects on the safety of tourists in Shiraz city. This research methods is based on descriptive، analytical and survey and the necessary data has been collected through interviews and questionnaires. Considering the number of the citizens and tourists، number of samples has been estimated 220 using Cochran formula and SPSS software is used in data analysis. Findings show that over 91 percent of citizens and tourists of the Shiraz have pointed out the effect of lighting on increasing the comfort and safety of citizens and tourists and increasing the time of the tourism activities even late at night. So we can conclude that proper lighting city attractions، in addition to improve the quality of urban life leads to the development of tourism in the Shiraz city.

Today، tourism development is as an effective catalyst for economic and social development in rural area in many developing countries that can improve the economic and social rural conditions. But given the important role of tourism industry in the development of rural areas، there are always obstacles that prevent of development this industry. The main purpose of the study was to analyze barriers tourism development in the rural tourism of Hamedan city and a research methodology of surveying was used. Three villages of rural tourism in Hamadan city (Varkanh، Khakv and Ebarow) have been selected and evaluated. Statistical population consisted of members of Islamic councils and the number of heads of rural households in this rural. Of these، 122 samples were selected randomly. The face validity of the questionnaire was verified by a panel of experts as well as to determine reliability of the questionnaire، Cronbach’s Alph coefficient was used، and it was 81 percent. In the data analysis part of this study، factor analysis method was used in order to achieve key elements and factors. Factor analysis of barriers tourism development in rural areas showed that four factors، infrastructural، cultural، program planning and management and information and advertising barriers explained 63. 17% of the total variance. At the end، based on the results some solutions have been presented in regard to development of rural tourism in rural areas.

The necessity of drought preparedness can be verified by assembling drought mitigation scheme. Drought Phenomenon is one of the most important disasters that infect on many of countries. Drought causes many problems as Economic، Social، political and Cultural. Knowledge about drought، prediction and zoning of drought severity can decrease the damages of these phenomena. In this study Kerman province is selected. The aim of this study is the accuracy evaluation of Kriging، Co-kriging and Inverse Distance Weights methods in providing of maps of severity drought in Kerman province by Percentage of Normal Precipitation Index. In do this، 44 meteorological station base time common 20year are selected. Percentage of Normal Precipitation Index computed. Drought zoning maps provide by three methods of Kriging، Co-kriging and Inverse Distance Weights to years 1367، 1372، 1378، 1379، 1381 and 1384. Between of three methods of zoning، Kriging method has the lowest error RMSE so is the best method. Results of this r research was showed most severity drought occur to year 1378 and 1379.