فصلنامه مطالعات پیشگیری از جرم
پیاپی 25 (زمستان 1391)

In our country, the police are one of the most important organizations which are responsible for maintaining order and security in society. Crime prevention in both individual and social aspects has a direct relation with police presence and performance. To mention the necessity of social capital some of its main functions are as below: 1. Social capital leads to increase in the level of social awareness. 2. Social capital leads to socialization, openness and is, in fact, a practice for a social life with freedom and democracy. 3. Social capital leads to self-reliance, self-confidence and self-discovery. 4. Social capital leads to supply of people's individual, social, cultural and economic needs (Gholam Rezae, 121:1376). The method of the research is based on documentary studies, library studies and taking use of research achievements of high ranks. The results indicate that the police earning the community's trust must be in harmony with society members in a welcoming manner. If the people comprehend that the police are on side with their society's values and norms, they will then trust the police and their siding with society intensifies. In addition, if the educational centers (such as schools and universities) step forward by educating and reinforcing social trust amongst families and society members and also the IRIB takes role by producing and broadcasting programs to promote mutual assistance and to reinforce social trust and social cohesion, then we will see crime reduction and social security. The main point of this article is to provide the necessary grounds for people participation in different areas with the police in order to prevent the «people-and-police» rupture. Each process which separates the police force from people will be in fact a «negative» process for social capital and subsequently a ground for a rise in crime.

One of the most important functions of the media is publicizing the law and its penalty to reduce the rate of crime. The existence of the law in its book doesnt bring about social education. Explaining and transferring of the lawfulness culture to social doers make them immune while confronting crimes and its backgrounds. This research examines the effect of the mass media on the rate of crime (a case study of the Reformation & Training Center of Ardabil Province) in the summer of 1390. It is a survey research of correlation and descriptive type. Since the people admitted to the Reformation and Training Center of Ardabil Province were few and subsequently the number of criminals in the Center, the whole criminals were evaluated as the research population. For data analysis, SPSS software (version 16) was used and the research hypotheses were all analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient test. The results indicate that there is a reverse relation between national TV programs, provincial TV programs, radio programs, books and the rate of crime i.e. the more the using of these media, the less the rate of crime. Also there is a direct relation between satellite and the internet and the rate of crime i.e. the more the use of satellite and the internet the more the rate of crime. The cinema, newspapers and magazines do not indicate any relation with crime.

The causal view to criminal phenomenon increases our knowledge of its creating causes especially those unknown or recently-known social arenas which have brought modern norms. Today's prominent example is the world of information and communication technology that like the natural world isnt safe from crime. Such subjects will assist criminologist to offer proper and healing procedures by considering the conditions and features of cyber space. Individual and environmental factors both in physical and cyber world paly decisive roles in progressing criminal process. Some of the individual characteristics of cybercriminals help them to progress their omen aims. Also the cyber space itself has got features and crime-ridden grounds which realize the potential criminal's motivations. So the main prerequisite to identify the neutralizing or reductive procedures of cybercrime will be the explanation of its individual and environmental preparing factors.

Nowadays, addiction is one of the greatest problems of human societies which put at risk the health of society, family and individual and causes the loss of individual, family and social performances. Examining the causes and factors of individual's tendency toward drugs is the goal of this research. The population under study consists of the addicted people under methadone therapy in a center in Ghorveh city in the year 1390. The amount of sampling is 30 people picked up through simple random method. Data gathered by questionnaires of twenty questions (including those related to individual, family and environmental factors). For analyzing data K2 test was used. The outcomes show that there is a relation between individual, family and environmental factors and tendency toward drugs use and addiction.

Despite of being one of the difficulties of this age group, juvenile delinquency brings about damages for both delinquents and the society. Family is one of the most important social institutions which have a fundamental role in controlling and preventing juvenile delinquency. Controlling role is crucial since the importance of juvenile period. If the family's controlling role disrupts and parents couldnt control children and adolescents properly, the risk of tendency towards delinquency will rise. This article examines family's controlling role and the effects of disruption to this role on juvenile delinquency and explains the accounts and features of such disruption via a descriptive-analytic method and library studies. The findings of this research prove the relation between disruption in family's controlling role and the appearance of the risk of tendency towards juvenile delinquency. In other words, to properly fulfill the control function, family has a fundamental role in delinquency prevention.

Planning and presenting the school-oriented preventative plans for student's crime is considered as an early intervention or a growth –oriented prevention. The period of studying and the period of physical and mental growth of the students is the best opportunity during which reducing their crime could be done by conducting preventative plans in schools. In fact, students could be supported through early prevention, in order to not be in danger of crime and victimization.This piece of writing seeks the answer to the following question by considering practical plans for school-oriented crime prevention: Are the type of crime and its preventative procedures in the schools of different zones (top, center, and bottom) of Tehran equal together?The study is based on both library approach (descriptive-analytic) and field study (survey). The results of the research indicate that the types of the crimes in the schools of the three mentioned zones which have been studied are different as their creating causes are different to one another. So, preventative plans able to be planned and presented in the schools of each zone are different to those in schools of other zones, in proportionate to crime type and creating causes.

This research is carried out with the aim of considering the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral intervention on reduction of inefficient attitudes, hopelessness and suicidal ideation amongst young prisoners. This research has benefited from testing method with pre-test, post-test and control group. The male prisoners from 18-30 years of age in the prison of Qouchan city have participated. Those with high scores on questionnaires have been randomly placed in test group (n=20) and in control group (n=20). Group intervention was performed during 12 sessions. Tools include a demographic questionnaire, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI). For data analysis, variance analysis is done by repeated measuring and in order to compare the averages of three variables in the test group, the LSD test was used in triple times (pretest, posttest and follow-up test). The interactive effect of time-of-test factor and the group are separately meaningful for each dependent variable. Also, the effect of group and the time of test are separately meaningful for each dependent variable. So we can say that group cognitive-behavioral intervention is effective on reduction of the amount of dysfunctional attitudes, hopelessness and suicidal ideation. The mean difference between pretest and posttest were meaningful in measuring each one of the three dependent variables. On the other hand the difference between the average of posttest and follow-up test were not meaningful in any of the dependent variables, but the mean difference between pretest and follow-up test were meaningful in each variable. The results of the research based on the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral intervention were in harmony with many researches. They show the stability of the intervention effect on the amount of dependent variables. They also indicate that group cognitive-behavioral intervention is effective on dysfunctional attitudes, hopelessness and young prisoners.