Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Volume:17 Issue: 4, 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the renoprotective effect of hydro alcoholic sage (Salvia Officinalis: SO) leaves extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. In this experimental study forty male sprague dawley rats weighing 200-300 g were randomly divided into 5 groups; (1) the rats without treatment (control)، (2) intraperitoneally injected with normal saline for one week (sham)، (3) gentamicin 80 mg/kg/day، intraperitoneally for 7 days (GEN)، (4) sage extract at 50 mg/kg/day plus gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day) for one week (GEN+SO 50) and (5) sage extract at 100 mg/kg/day plus gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day) for one week (GEN+SO 100). During the last 6 hours، the rats were transferred to the metabolic cage for urine sampling. At the end of the period، after deep anesthesia with thiopental، blood samples were obtained from aorta and the left kidney were removed for oxidative stress measurement. Statistical analyses were made by one way analysis of variance. The decrease in the amount of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) induced by gentamicin was relatively improved by sage extract administration which leaded to the decrease in plasma creatinine and urea-nitrogen concentrations. In addition، the relative excretion of sodium and potassium decreased and absolute excretion of potassium increased in the GEN+SO groups. The degree of oxidative stress that had increased by gentamicin were also significantly lowered by sage extracts administration. Sage extract exhibits nephroprotective effect in gentamicin induced renal damage probably by its anti-oxidant activity، but further studies on its exact mechanism of action are warranted.

Domination of microbial population is an effective parameter of biological process in the bioreactors. The aim of this study was to identify a domain microbial habitat in a sequential aerobic/anoxic bioreactor for the treatment of industrial waste water. This study is an experimental one in which the degradation of organic matters was evaluated using laboratory scale aerobic/anoxic up flow bioreactor (UFBR) with an alternatively aeration action in sequence. Bacteriological study was carried out، such as a cultural-based technique، differentiation tests and biomass assessment procedure، detecting domain bacteria in the aerobic/anoxic conditions. The aerobic/anoxic treatment process resulted in the 45-95% BOD and 75-95% COD removal. The identified bacteries were studied as biological mass. The formed mass were found over than 109CFU/g of the flock forming in sludge built up، the majority of enumerated bacteria were facultative and anaerobic bacteria such as coli forms، micrococcaceae، Staphylococcus and Streptococci and Clostridium perfringens. The small portion of the defined population، less than 10% was detected as aerobic genera such as nitrifyers. Anoxic condition affects the aerobic bacteria population in such a way that after aeration switching off they don’t have bioreactor in their structure. In opposite facultative and anaerobic bacteria were able flourish in building existence biomass inside the bioreactor. The benefits of this integrated bioreactor are the optimum efficiency which is coincided with no problem of the sludge build up.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders which has the fourth rank among the most acute problems of public health. This study aims to compare the efficacy of two treatment methods of group Pharmacotherapy and group Cognitive therapy on the temperament and character dimensions of depressed patients. 45 male patients with depression were assigned randomly in three groups including pharmacotherapy، cognitive therapy and control. Then inventories of Beck Depression II، and temperament and character of cloninger before and after interventions were conducted in it. Data were analyzed using One–Way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. The results showed that depressive symptoms reduced in both experimental groups، without significant differences between them. In dimensions of temperament and character، results showed that both treatments after performing post test caused a decrease in scores of Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence dimensions and increase in scores of novelty seeking، persistence، cooperativeness، self-transcendence and self-directedness dimensions. Methods of treatment in terms of efficacy for improvement of major depression disorder have no significant difference، but they can be ranked in this order 1) pharmacotherapy 2) cognitive therapy 3) control. Also، two methods of treatment caused changes in the temperament and character dimensions and there was significant difference between both groups and control group.

Tick and tenacious secretions is one of the problems in suctioning and the instillation of normal saline in airways is one of the ways for removing pulmonary secretions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of endotracheal suctioning using or not using normal saline on respiratory physiologic parameters in open heart surgery patients. This study was a one-group clinical approach. The study group consisted of 40 patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the heart ICU after coronary artery bypass graft. Endotracheal suctioning with and without normal saline were carried out on each patient. Respiratory physiologic parameters were measured 1 minute before and 1، 5 and 15 minutes after each suctioning procedure and were recorded in a data collection form. Data was analysed utilizing T test and ANOVA. Respiratory physiologic parameters changed after suctioning in both methods of endotracheal suctioning but no significant difference was found between both methods of suctioning. Suctioning by using normal saline instillation can lead to lower changes in respiratory physiologic parameters compared not using normal saline. Therefore، suctioning with normal saline instillation can increase the procedures efficacy and reduce the possible complication.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTU) is the most common neuropathy in the body and one of the most important causes of occupational disability. The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic power of Doppler sonography and Gray Scale in diagnosing CTS and their comparison with nerve conduction studies (NCV).

In this analytical study، diagnostic value of Doppler and Gray Scale on the 133 patients was compared and NCV considered as the gold standard. The patientswith pain or upper extremity paresthesia were identified by an orthoped. First of all nerve conduction velocity of patients was performed and the sonographer، unaware of the NCV، performed Gray scale and Doppler ultrasounography. Indices of sensitivity، specificity and accuracy of these tests were used to calculate the best cross-diagnostic ROC curve.

50 patients with CTS and 83 non CTU patients were surveied. Of these patients، 42 patients (6/31%) had positive Dopplerand and 30 (6/22%) had Gray scale. Sensitivity، specificity، and accuracy of Gray scale sonography were 58، 99 and 83 percent and those of Doppler were 80، 97 and 91%، respectively. The median nerve cross-border diagnostic was estimated to be 11. 15 mm².

Gray scale and Doppler ultrasounography can be used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. Sensitivity of Doppler ultrasound in the early stages of disease is higher than Gray scale but none of these methods can replaced be NCV.

liposuction is one of the most common cosmetic surgeries which has dangerous complications. With regard to the increasing number of liposuction clients، probability of developing severe complications، and forcing high working load and expenses on healthcare and specially nursing system، this question comes to the mind that what are the reasons put forward by people to undergo this surgery. Present study was conducted based on a qualitative content analysis method. The main method of data collecting was semi-structured open-ended interviews، and conducting interviews was continued till the data saturation was achieved. Participants were selected purposefully among female clients who had undergone liposuction at least three months before conducting interviews. Thirteen 30-55 years old women، who had undergone liposuction in the past one to five years، participated in the study. Two main themes including “desire for beauty”، and “risk accepting” were extracted from the data. «beauty era»، «ugliness era»، and «desire for returning to beauty era» were categorized as subthemes of “desire for beauty”; and «living under pressure»، «trying to compensate»، «reaching to the end of line»، and «accepting the risk of operation» were categorized as subthemes of “risk accepting”. The participants accepted the risks to undergo the surgery in order to achieve beauty. This shows that the people''s appearance plays an important role in realizing the integrity and life satisfaction. Further research is suggested about the people''s experiences of the outcomes of such surgery.

As sleep has a critical role in health and social function and also، changes in women''s sleep patterns can be the first indicator of mood disorders this study was conducted to investigate the sleep disorders among women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. In this study، using standard tools of general sleep questionnaire (GSQ) and Berlin questionnaire، sleep disorders among 67 female students with premenstrual dysphoric disorder were studied. Data was analyzed employing descriptive analysis SPSS software version 19. Statistical analysis of the questionnaires showed that 25% of the sample had sleep disorders. The highest frequency belongs to daytime sleepiness (52. 2%) and the lowest one belongs to snoring (3%). The findings showed that 94 percent of female college students، based on Berlin questionnaire، had low-risk for sleep apnea and only 4 patients (6%) had the risk of respiratory apnea. Sleep disorders are common among women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder which consequently affect the social and personal lives of women to a great extent.

In a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer in a six years period، patients file were studied and 150 patients with colorectal cancer were selected based on age، gender، place of residency، place of anatomical tumor and biological symptom. The findings indicated that 91 (59. 9) of patients had adenocarcinum، 54 (35. 5) pulyp and 7 (4. 6) had other types. Of 91 patients with adenocarcinum، 61 (67. oo) were men and 30 (33.) were women. The mean age of patients was 52. 7%. 71% Of patients had left sided tumor and the rest (29.) had right sided tumor.