مجله مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 16 (آذر و دی 1391)

The current research was conducted in 22 physical education faculties and departments of state Universities with the aim of quality investigation during the postgraduate years. The subjects of this research were 563 postgraduate students (M.A. and Ph.D. students of physical education and sport sciences), 95 faculty members, and 43 managers of these courses. The objectives of this research were recognition of the following items: 1. the clarity of the goals and aims of these courses under study, 2. the quality of academic activities such as teaching methods, syllabus, classroom management and assessment, 3. communication outside the university, 4. the management and planning quality of these courses, 5. the quality of structural spaces and educational facilities and equipment, 6. the quality of organizational atmosphere, 7. The quality of research activities, 8. motivational factors inside the universities. The instruments were three types of questionnaires which were organized based on the researchers’ studies about the quality of assessment during the higher education, and the variables were also included. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 13 faculty members majoring in sport management, planning and management of higher education. Due to the limitation of the three under study population, the total sampling was conducted. The research method was descriptive and SPSS and S-plus were used to analyze the data. Cronbach Alpha was used in order to check the reliability of the variables and the questionnaires’ questions (pre-test stage), the descriptive statistics was used to describe the quality of the courses. To check whether the difference between the different groups is meaningful, the two sampling T-test and Variation analysis was run. The research results has shown that about difference between the three groups of the students, faculty members and managers based on the variation analysis, there was a significant difference with the 99% of confidence interval in awareness of the goals and aims, the quality of academic activities, quality of the communication outside the university, quality of the management and planning, quality of the educational facilities and equipment, quality of research and motivational factors. There was no significant difference among other variables.

Nowadays in Iran, site selection for building sport facilities is performed with traditional and customary methods which in many cases, due to improper site location and lack of imperative foresights, so many costs are wasted. The purpose of this study was to present scientific and practical patterns for selection the best spots for building different kinds of outdoor sport facilities that in these patterns were attended to impartial spatial distribution, citizens’ healthy, safety and access, compatibility between sport places and other urban elements and maximum efficiency and exploitation. The district of study was the south regions (5&6th of the regions) of Isfahan city with compact urban texture and 12500 Hectares area. Used GIS technology for patterning that collected local and descriptive data, then data base was obtained and one map was designed for each criterion. Ultimately by gathering these maps, district lands were divided into 5 parts with “very improper, improper, middle, proper and very proper” grades for building different kinds of outdoor sport facilities separately. For outdoor lawn lands 3%, outdoor pools 21%, skating places 26% and for tennis grounds 20% lands of the selected area were in very good condition. After observation of this lands was determined that they located in areas where the routes of communication, population density and compatible urban elements had been more than other regions. Also, there were few the same sport facilities.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between Coaching leadership behavior, group cohesion, and performance of Iranian women's prologue volleyball teams. In this correlational study, 76 female volleyball players (age 24.96±4.26 yrs, athletic experience 9.71±4.74 yrs, and membership experience in professional teams 6.55±3.73 yrs) from prologue teams in 2009 completed individual characteristics questionnaire, Leadership Scale in Sport (LSS; Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980), and Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ; Carron et al., 1985). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression model at the 0.05 significant levels. Results showed that total level of group cohesion is significantly related to training and instruction, democratic behavior, autocratic behavior, social support, and positive feedback, and total level of leadership behavior (p≤0.05). Also, performance of women's prologue volleyball teams is significantly related to training and instruction, democratic behavior, autocratic behavior, social support, and positive feedback, total level of leadership behavior, task cohesion, social cohesion, and total level of group cohesion (p≤0.05). Results of regression analysis showed that democratic and autocratic behavior have significant contribution in prediction of task cohesion (56%), social cohesion (63%), and total level of group cohesion (73%), however, positive feedback also was significant predictor for social cohesion in women's prologue volleyball teams (p≤0.05). About team performance, regression analysis showed when the both of leadership behavior and group dimensions are entered together to the analysis, only leadership behavior included training and instruction, social support, and positive feedback can predict team performance (p≤0.05). Findings of this study confirm the importance of coaching leadership behavior in prediction of group cohesion and team performance.

This research in the form of a description –analytica form, which is about comparing 3rd and 4th national development plan in sport in West Azarbaijan based on Value Engineering Methodology. In this study, 15 indicators including 4indicators in constructive section and 11 indicators in championship section were analyzed in order to find the advantages and disadvantage of the plan and to present solutions. The result showed that West Azarbaijan has had an excellent growth rate in gaining international medals, which was(%760), but has had a negative growth rate in the athletes being invited to national teams with(%-207.73), and in other section like: indoor complex area (%41.73), outdoor complex area (%37.60), share of indoor complex areas (%41.58), share of outdoor complex areas(%37.55), organized athletes (%65.92), nationals titles (%53.41), number of the teams in the country's leagues (%45.69), active fields of sport(%19.9), refree and coach training classes (%126.24), hosting in country (% 231.42), Asian medals (%8.88), athletes dispatched national championships (%122.73), 4th national development plan shows an increase in comparison to 3rd plan, and in international medals (%-13.3), shows a decrease in 4th national development plan. But totally, 4th national development plan in comparison to 3rd national development plan has an increase, but according to an analysis based on Value Engineering methodology has some weak points.

Sport role as one of individual and society manifestations is significant for all to keep martial and spiritual health of community whole. Only with recognition and awareness of attitudes and tendency of people to exercise and sport activities can to forecast, to design and planning sport activities. Therefore in order to explain attitudes and tendency to exercise and sport activities of Kurdistan province people were selected randomly 1000 males and females over 16 years from all the people of Kurdistan and responded to the researcher-designed questionnaire. To determine the face and content validity (panel of experts), constract validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and reliability (alpha cronbach α =0/91; α = 0/87) were used. Descriptive and statical statistics (Kruskal-walis, Test of Hypothesis) using appropriate software «LISREL» and «SPSS» Version 8/52 and 16 were used. Results showed acquiring well-bing and happiness and body reinforcement was the important factor of participating in exercise and sport activities. Also between the Attitudes of exercise and sport activities in people with different specifications such as age, married or not married, family members, job type, having intention to exercise and sport activities or not having, there was significant difference. Between the attitudes of exercise and sport activities in people with specifications such as sex, married ness, graduation level, number of family members, Job type, family expenditure, monthly sport expenditures, Tendency and nontendency exercise and sport activities, weekly activity sessions the time of exercise for each session, security of sport places, there was significant differences (P<0/05). But between the Attitudes of exercise and sport activities in people with specifications age, monthly in come, continuance in sport, exercise background there was no significant differences (P>0/05). Between the tendency to exercise and sport activities in people with specifications sex, age, marriedness, monthly exercise expenditures and total monthly family expenditures there was significant differences (P<0/05). There were not any significant differences between the tendency to exercise and sport activities with specifications number of family members, educational levels, job type, monthly in come (P>0/05).

The purpose of present study was to determinate the relationship between servant leadership and organizational commitment among the sport boards employees. The method of research was correlation, through conducted a field study on all the employees in Bushehr province sport boards include 308 peoples. Furthermore, 169 subjects selected as sample by using the Morgan table and random sampling. The study used tow questionnaires, namely servant leadership (SLQ), organizational commitment (Allen and Mayer), that in addition to confirm the validity, also calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient for these questionnaires 0/862 and 0/792 respectively. The descriptive statistical methods and SPSS and EXCELL software also inferential statistics (Pearson correlation) used for analysis of results. The significant correlation obtained between servant leadership and organizational commitment. Moreover, the same result was showed between servant leadership and affective and normative components. Although, no significant correlation obtained between servant leadership and continuous component (P<0/05). Overall servant leadership behaviors in Bushehr sport boards are favorable relatively, but organizational commitment reported average. Among the dimensions of organizational commitment, affective component indicated more associate with servant leadership also indicated the employees’ loyalty to their sport board for a higher percentage. Due to results, the directors for success in servant leadership should consider to emotional motivations and enhance employees’ organizational maturi t y and personal and career growth at all levels of board.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a questionnaire, as a means of measuring the various aspects of sport justice dimensions among young sportsmen. Regarding the literature, a questionnaire including 34 queries was proposed to measure various dimensions of sport justice. A random sample of 304 sportsmen students was selected from 7 Iranian universities around the country. They were members of different sports teams consisting of 106 soccer players, 79 volleyball players, 62 wrestlers, and 57 taekwondo players. The validity of the proposed questionnaire was evaluated by means of both internal consistency (using CVR =Content Validity Ratio) and construct validity (using analytical discovery and approval factors). In addition, the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by means of internal consistency (using Cronbach's alpha). All the statistical procedures were performed by SPSS and AMOS (version 16). The results showed the CRV values were above 0.7 for each query. Furthermore, the analytical factor results indicated 4 dimensions of justice (i.e., distributive, procedural, intercourse, and righteous) with a 0.47 variance and 94% Kaser-Meyer-Olkin index. These factors were also proven by analyzing the approval factor (P = 0.068). Cronbach's alpha was 0.92, indicating the reliability of the questionnaire. Therefore, it can be applied in similar studies.

The purpose of this study was to determine customers’ satisfaction in private and public body building clubs in Gorgan. Survival of sport organizations in today’s competitive world depends on their customer’s satisfaction. Measuring customer satisfaction is very important as a determinant of successful organizations that are associated with customers. This study was causes-comparison. For collecting data were used from questionnaires that its validity was confirmed and reliability by the Cronbach's alpha were determined 91/56. The statistical society included customers of private and public body building clubs in Gorgan that at least 6 months had sport background. A total of 390 sample, 175 men and 215 women were selected with random sampling. In descriptive statistics used from percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation for analyzing data. Chi-square test, t-test, mann-whitney U test and ANOVA and Kendall correlation coefficient were used to determine differences between groups (α=0.05). The results of this study indicated that there was significant difference between the overall customer satisfaction in private and public body building clubs (p=0.001), And also significant difference existed between the customer satisfaction from equipment, fee, accessibility factors and staff quality, (p=0.001), (p=0.001), (p=0.03). So that regarding these factors customer satisfaction in private body building clubs was higher than public body building clubs. But no significant difference observed between customer satisfaction from health and social and training programs factor in private and public body building clubs. Also no significant difference in satisfaction factors between men and women was observed (p=0.001). men’s purpose and motivation to participate in the club were fitness(30.9%) and champion(21.1%) but the woman’s goal of participating in clubs was health(74%), weight management(74%), peace building(42.8%) and socialization(27.9%) and the differences was statistically significant.

One of the Basic assumptions fundamental organizational behaviors is cognition and communication features individual People productivity gain access to organizational goals. Hence the purposes of this study are the effects of relationship skills and interpersonal communication and its role on the organizational effectiveness between Iranian sport managers. Descriptive study that was conducted through a survey. The study populations were of 670 sport managers. The sample survey selected by stratified random, totally statistical sample was 245 sport managers. The questionnaires include Barton J communication skills, Graham interpersonal communication and Hsu organizational effectiveness with reliability respectively (0.81, 0.86 and 0.90). Inferential statistical methods and structural equation models (SEM) were investigated to access variables observed effects on the latent variables. The results showed that there are significant relationship between communication skills, interpersonal communication with subordinates and upper management and organizational effectiveness in sport (). Hence the implementation of research results measurement model confirmed for path analysis conceptual models of communication skills, interpersonal communication upper and subordinates and organizational effectiveness. Generally acknowledged that the feature set personality as a good index, predicted role in relation skills, interpersonal communication and organizational effectiveness, sport manager relation skills while by between interpersonal communication and organizational effectiveness will be assessed moderate and weak, so top manager must planning application appropriate management strategy that order to achieve optimal levels of these indicators.

The purpose of present study was investigation of coaching efficacy and team cohesion Relationship among teams of Iran volleyball super league and predicting team cohesion based on coaching efficacy dimensions. Participants of this study were 72 elite volleyball players of Iran super league. Measurement instruments used in this research were three questionnaires of personal information, five-scale coaching efficacy questionnaire (Mayer et al, 2005) and team cohesion questionnaire (karven at al, 1985). Also, vargas-tonsing was used in order to assessing team cohesion. In order to statistical analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and multi-variable linear regression model were used (P ≥ 0.05). Finding of this study showed that players understand their coach efficacy, and team cohesion respectively 76 and 68.6 percent. In addition, among coaching efficacy and team cohesion dimensions, only there wasn’t significant correlation between character making efficacy and group-individual-social attraction dimension (P>0.162). Results of regression analysis indicated that coaching efficacy dimensions can significantly predict volleyball team's cohesion (P<0.001); and motivational efficacy (β=-0.453), tactical efficacy (β=0.839), technique efficacy (β=-0.453), and character-giving (β=-0.269) are important predictors of regression equation. Based on present study results it is suggested that we should emphasis on coaching efficacy to improve male volleyball team's cohesion.

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of perceived leadership behavior of coaches on sport commitment, achievement motivation and athlete’s satisfaction of Iranian pro league judokas, which was carried out by a descriptive field method. The statistical population of this study comprised the entire Judokas of pro League (162 judo player) in Iran. Population and the sample was same considered (n=162). In order to collect information Leadership Scale for Sport (=α 0. 95), Sport commitment Questionnaire (=α 0. 86), Sport orientation Questionnaire (α =0. 90) and Athlete's Satisfaction Questionnaire (=α 0. 94) were used. Descriptive methods were used to analyze the data and In Order to determine the effects use of structural equation modeling through software of Amos 18 was. Data analysis results showed that leadership behavior of coaches is effect on sport commitment, achievement motivation and athlete’s satisfaction (p<0.05). Also sport commitment and achievement motivation are effect on athlete’s satisfaction (p<0.05).

The purpose of this research was to identify the stressful factors on international and national referees. The subjects of the research include of (N=723) Iranian international and national referees which 605 of them participated in the study. The SOSS questionnaire was used to collect information that included 29 questions and statements of 15 faculty members were used to identify its validity and its internal consistency was proved on 30 referees (r=0.93). Data were analyzed by Friedman Test and U-Man Whitney tests & analyze of variance in the significant level of P≤ 0.05. The results indicated that among six stressors were higher the fear of failure, personal and technical performance, and evaluation of performance respectively. There were not significant differences between ranking of stress factors on international and national referees, but the group sports referees have high stress on interpersonal conflict and time condition problems, and the factor of evaluation of performance, personal problems and technical performance have the most effect to cause stress. Also low background has a high percentage of stress which related to personal & interpersonal conflict factor.